Scribd
Upload
14 views

Charts and Graphs in Python and R

Uploaded by

same here
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views

Charts and Graphs in Python and R

Uploaded by

same here
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

Comprehensive Guide on Charts and Graphs in

Python and R
Introduction
Charts and graphs are essential tools in data visualization, allowing for the effective communication of
complex data insights. They help in identifying trends, patterns, and outliers in data sets. This guide
provides detailed notes on creating and customizing charts and graphs using Python and R, two of the
most popular programming languages for data analysis.

Part 1: Charts and Graphs in Python


Python offers several libraries for creating charts and graphs, with `matplotlib`, `seaborn`, and
`plotly` being the most widely used. Below, we explore each of these libraries in detail.

1.1 Matplotlib

Installation

bash

pip install matplotlib

Basic Plot

python

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Data
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [10, 15, 20, 25, 30]

# Creating a simple line plot


plt.plot(x, y)
plt.xlabel('X-axis')
plt.ylabel('Y-axis')
plt.title('Simple Line Plot')
plt.show()

Customizing Plots

python

plt.plot(x, y, color='green', linestyle='--', marker='o')


plt.xlim(0, 6)
plt.ylim(0, 35)
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

Common Chart Types

Bar Chart

python

plt.bar(x, y, color='blue')
plt.xlabel('X-axis')
plt.ylabel('Y-axis')
plt.title('Simple Bar Chart')
plt.show()

Histogram

python

data = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4]
plt.hist(data, bins=4, color='red')
plt.xlabel('Value')
plt.ylabel('Frequency')
plt.title('Simple Histogram')
plt.show()

Scatter Plot

python

plt.scatter(x, y, color='purple')
plt.xlabel('X-axis')
plt.ylabel('Y-axis')
plt.title('Simple Scatter Plot')
plt.show()

1.2 Seaborn

Installation

bash

pip install seaborn

Basic Plot

python

import seaborn as sns


import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Data
tips = sns.load_dataset('tips')

# Creating a simple scatter plot


sns.scatterplot(data=tips, x='total_bill', y='tip')
plt.title('Scatter Plot of Tips')
plt.show()

Customizing Plots

python

sns.scatterplot(data=tips, x='total_bill', y='tip', hue='day', style='time', size='size')


plt.title('Customized Scatter Plot of Tips')
plt.show()

Common Chart Types

Box Plot

python

sns.boxplot(data=tips, x='day', y='total_bill')


plt.title('Box Plot of Total Bill by Day')
plt.show()

Heatmap

python

flights = sns.load_dataset('flights')
flights_pivot = flights.pivot('month', 'year', 'passengers')
sns.heatmap(flights_pivot, annot=True, fmt="d", cmap='YlGnBu')
plt.title('Heatmap of Flight Passengers')
plt.show()

1.3 Plotly

Installation

bash

pip install plotly

Basic Plot

python

import plotly.express as px

# Data
df = px.data.iris()

# Creating a simple scatter plot


fig = px.scatter(df, x='sepal_width', y='sepal_length', color='species')
fig.show()

Customizing Plots

python

fig = px.scatter(df, x='sepal_width', y='sepal_length', color='species',


size='petal_length', hover_data=['petal_width'])
fig.show()

Common Chart Types

Line Chart

python

fig = px.line(df, x='sepal_width', y='sepal_length', color='species')


fig.show()

Bar Chart

python

fig = px.bar(df, x='species', y='sepal_length', color='species', barmode='group')


fig.show()

Part 2: Charts and Graphs in R


R is renowned for its data visualization capabilities, particularly through packages like `ggplot2`,
`lattice`, and `plotly`. Below, we delve into each of these packages.

2.1 ggplot2

Installation

install.packages("ggplot2")

Basic Plot

library(ggplot2)

# Data
data(mpg)

# Creating a simple scatter plot


ggplot(mpg, aes(x = displ, y = hwy)) +
geom_point() +
labs(title = "Scatter Plot of MPG")

Customizing Plots

ggplot(mpg, aes(x = displ, y = hwy, color = class)) +


geom_point(size = 3) +
labs(title = "Customized Scatter Plot of MPG") +
theme_minimal()

Common Chart Types

Bar Chart

ggplot(mpg, aes(x = manufacturer)) +


geom_bar(fill = 'blue') +
labs(title = "Bar Chart of Manufacturers")

Box Plot

ggplot(mpg, aes(x = class, y = hwy)) +


geom_boxplot() +
labs(title = "Box Plot of Highway MPG by Class")

2.2 Lattice

Installation

install.packages("lattice")

Basic Plot

library(lattice)

# Data
data(iris)

# Creating a simple scatter plot


xyplot(Sepal.Length ~ Sepal.Width, data = iris, main = "Scatter Plot of Iris Data")

Customizing Plots

xyplot(Sepal.Length ~ Sepal.Width, data = iris, groups = Species, auto.key = TRUE,


main = "Customized Scatter Plot of Iris Data")

Common Chart Types

Histogram

histogram(~ Sepal.Length | Species, data = iris, layout = c(1, 3), col = 'gray', main
= "Histogram of Sepal Length by Species")

Density Plot

densityplot(~ Sepal.Length, groups = Species, data = iris, auto.key = TRUE, main =


"Density Plot of Sepal Length by Species")

2.3 Plotly

Installation

install.packages("plotly")

Basic Plot

library(plotly)

# Data
data(iris)

# Creating a simple scatter plot


fig <- plot_ly(data = iris, x = ~Sepal.Width, y = ~Sepal.Length, type = 'scatter', mode =
'markers')
fig

Customizing Plots

fig <- plot_ly(data = iris, x = ~Sepal.Width, y = ~Sepal.Length, color = ~Species, size =


~Petal.Length, type = 'scatter', mode = 'markers')
fig

Common Chart Types

Line Chart

fig <- plot_ly(data = iris, x = ~Sepal.Width, y = ~Sepal.Length, color = ~Species,


type = 'scatter', mode = 'lines')
fig

Bar Chart

fig <- plot_ly(data = iris, x = ~Species, y = ~Sepal.Length, type = 'bar', color =


~Species)
fig

Conclusion
Creating and customizing charts and graphs in Python and R is a fundamental skill for data analysis
and visualization. Both languages offer powerful libraries that cater to a wide range of visualization
needs. By mastering these tools, you can effectively communicate your data insights and make
informed decisions based on visualized data.

You might also like