Subject Code: ADTECH 2 Art, Design and Technology 2

LG Code: 2.0 Design Thinking Process

Systems & Factor Analysis
Troubleshooting
Lesson Code: 2.0
Time Limit: 30 minutes

By the end of this learning guide, students should be able to:

1. Explain the need for lab rules and a safe work environment.
2. Practice general safety rules at home.
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3. Incorporate systems analysis and factor analysis in their approach to a problem.

STUDENT, MEET TEACHER.

TEACHER, MEET STUDENT.
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If you are reading this, then you and I are still in a full distance learning setup. Will this last the whole
year? We will see, depending on the actual situation during that time. #whenwillthisenddd

As such, we implore our students to bear with us as we tread through the waters in the new normal.
First things first, let’s get you and your teacher to know each other.

My name is ________________________________________. I’ll be your ADTECH 2 teacher for

this school year. You can address me as ________________ in chat/email or when we eventually get
the chance to see each other face-to-face.

You may contact me thru:

• Email 1:
• Email 2:
• Mobile 1:
• Mobile 2:
• Landline:
• Facebook:
• Moodle:
• Others:

This is what I look like, if ever. Please don’t use me as a meme or whatever… 

How about you?

LGv2 2.0 August 2021 ADTECH 2 (Gr8) Page 1 of 8

LAB RULES NAMAN TAYO…(kahit walang lab life ajuju…)
Since we’re on distance learning, we can’t exactly enforce (force tbh) you to follow the lab rules that
we’ve maintained over the years of ADTECH2. But, in any case, you might as well learn about them.

1
ALWAYS WEAR YOUR LAB GOWN and other Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) while inside the lab or doing
hazardous work.

(Saka ipalaba niyo naman from time-to-time! Jusko ‘yong sa iba,

parang since 1800’s pa huli nilabhan—minana pa ata sa mga
ninuno nila!)

Figure 1. Museum-level Lab Gown [Image from the blog of Eli Perencevich;
http://haicontroversies.blogspot.com/2015/07/the-limitations-of-patient-
centered.html]

2
NO EATING OR DRINKING in the lab.

(Oo na, mas masarap pag bawal. Pero sa crumbs and

wrappers ninyo, magkaka-ants or ipis sa lab. Ano, ready na
ba kayong mag-work sa lab na may flying ipis?)

Figure 2. No Eating/Drinking Sign [Image from user DG at

https://www.postermywall.com]

3
NO HORSEPLAYING in the lab.

Horseplaying usually leads to accidents, and accidents may lead

to—

(This also applies at home. Up to you though if you’re brave

enough to face your guardian’s wrath when you make a mess in
your house.)

Figure 3. Horse-human with a “No Horseplaying” Sign [Image from user utityiu at
https://www.myconfinedspace.com/2012/12/17/no-horseplay-in-lab/)

LGv2 2.0 August 2021 ADTECH 2 (Gr8) Page 2 of 8

 4
EYE PROTECTION is required when operating some tools.

This may include, but are not limited to: safety goggles, eyeglass, and
face shields.

Or would you rather be a pirate?

Figure 4. Pirate in the Workplace [Image from http://clipart-library.com/cartoon-

safety-goggles.html]

5
HAIR CLIP/HAIR BAND is necessary when operating
some tools. Getting stuck in a machine is not a nice way
to get your hair styled.

Figure 5. Rapunzel’s Excessively Long Hair [Image from the 2010

Disney movie “Tangled”]

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Last, but not the least, you got to have some FIRST AID KIT.
Whether in the lab or at home, you must have a first aid kit available
and within reach.

Please inform your parents that ADTECH 2 involves the use of tools
that may require adult supervision such as sharp tools and blunt tools.

Figure 6. First Aid Kit [Image from user thuuhixmageluig at https://favpng.com]

Okay, SHORT EXERCISE: Tell your guardian that ADTECH2 is nakakatakot.

Go, sumbong mo na. We will be using the following tools (if available): cutters, scissors, power drills,
nails, hot glue, hammers, saws, pliers, clamps, electricity, light sabers, machine guns, cannons,
missiles, nah, just kidding. But seriously though, you should have a first aid kit nearby when you
work on your ADTECH2 projects. Or have an adult supervise your work, at the very least.

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 ADTECH 2: 8
Basic Skills in Design & Technology
Basic Skills in Design & Technology gives us the ability to recognize the connection between
thinking and making, as well as execute both in order to make a desired output.

ADTECH2, therefore, consists of topics and projects that enable students to use technology in
achieving solutions that satisfy sound design criteria and use design in achieving solutions that satisfy
sound technological criteria. (Sinabi na ‘to sa first learning guide, di ka lang nakinig. Kung sa love pa,
“I love you. You love me. Let’s go out and kill Barney”)

These skills are best acquired and developed through design-and-make activities called design
projects. These projects are usually designed to be open-ended or with large room for improvement
so as to provide learners opportunities to draw upon and apply a range of functional skills.

Through these activities, learners should learn to:

1. Respond creatively to problems or design briefs, especially with the help of the Design
Thinking Process;
2. Communicate their ideas or designs properly through speaking, writing, and drawing;
3. Understand others’ designs;
4. Troubleshoot with the help of Systems & Factor Analysis;
5. Plan and organize steps to their design process;
6. Evaluate tools, materials, and equipment;
7. Analyze and reflect critically to modify their ideas and improve/innovate.

Now, since most of ADTECH2’s topics are taught in the context of a design project…you may find
yourself asking these questions most of the time:

HOW DO YOU MAKE THIS?

HOW DO YOU FIX THIS?

WHY DOESN’T IT WORK?

HEAVENS ABOVE WHY, WHYYY???

Charot.

Don’t worry though. ☺ As mentioned in Learning guide 1, we will be equipping you with the
necessary skills to complete your design projects. These are mainly: (1) the Design Thinking Process,
(2) communicating through design, (3) and Systems & Factor Analysis.

With these three, as well as a little dexterity and A LOT of patience, accomplishing your tasks will be
a breeze.

We already had a brief experience on how the Design Thinking Process works in Learning guide 1.
We managed to survive a Zombie Apocalypse, had a lovely moment with our crush, and realized the
beauty of the iterative process of Empathize-Define-Ideate-Prototype-Test. Say yes.

LGv2 2.0 August 2021 ADTECH 2 (Gr8) Page 4 of 8

Communicating through design, on the other hand, you should have already learned from ADTECH
1. We prefer isometric drawings for plate-quality designs/submissions so it would be good if you
review how to do these. Most of the time though, we will be drawing messy sketches to represent our
ideas (scribbles that usually only you can understand…like a doctor’s prescription). This is where all
the hard work from ADTECH 1 will finally bear fruit. Don’t worry though; we’ll give you the chance
to practice.

Figure 7. Sample orthographic and isometric projections of an object

[Image from https://www.britannica.com/topic/isometric-drawing]

Last, but not the least, Systems & Factor Analysis. Hmm…let’s give you these for the moment:

Systems Analysis – Learning how to think about things as a sum of their parts.

Factor Analysis – Learning how to think about things as their parts.

Magulo ba?

Don’t worry. Me too, the first time. Systems & Factor Analysis is best explained with an example,
and that’s what we’re going to do. To start, do you have a Stand Fan? Kahit anong brand, basta Asahi.

If wala (wow ikaw na RK), here, just turn the page.

LGv2 2.0 August 2021 ADTECH 2 (Gr8) Page 5 of 8

 Figure 8. Asahi Stand Fan
[Image from: asahiappliances.com]

So Systems Analysis means looking at this stand fan as a sum of its parts. So what are its biggest
parts? If you have to dissect the fan into three (3) parts, what would these be?

Of course, I’m talking to myself so I’ll be giving the answer too. But please try. I’ll keep on typing,
okay?

Ang mga ibon na lumilipad ay mahal ng Diyos. Di kumukupas.

Ang mga isda na lumalangoy ay mahal ng Diyos. Di kumukupas.

Ang mga puno na lumalaki ay mahal ng Diyos. Di kumukupas.

Wag ka nang malungkot, mahal ka ng Diyos kahit di ka mahal ng crush mo.

So the three parts, let’s say we thought the same: (1) head, (2) shaft, (3) and stand/support. If you add
up these three parts, you get a stand fan. Yey!

If you remove the head part where the fan blades, housing, and motor are, you will get an unnecessary
decoration—which is not a stand fan. If you remove the shaft/body, you will get a dangerous
appliance that will roll around or vibrate on the floor before exploding—it’s still a fan, but not for a
very short while (and it would be a hassle to direct the wind to you). If you remove the stand/support,
guess what will happen.

Figure 9. Chopped-up stand fan

[Cropped images from asahiappliances.com]

So that’s how systems analysis is done.

You dissect an object/design into systems so it would be easier to analyze. This skill will be of great
significance when you troubleshoot your projects (when you try to find where your life went wrong
LOL).

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On the other hand, Factor Analysis is a deeper look into each system/part. You consider the current
system you’re examining as the only thing in question/studied. For example, when you use factor
analysis on the head part of the stand fan, you only consider the parts making up its head. You dissect
it again into factors or parts (i.e. fan blades, housing, motor, and speed control), and try to find out
where the problem is with a closer look.

Say, you have a stand fan that falls down from time to time. 4
You first do a systems analysis and dissect it into three parts. Does the problem seem to originate
from the head part? Has it something to do with the weight distribution maybe? But if the fan blades
are complete, it is very unlikely.

How about the shaft? Unless it’s broken (which should be very obvious at first glance), then it is also
very unlikely to be the source of your problem.

So, lastly, you examine the stand/support. But at first glance, there seems to be no problem in it. So
you do a factor analysis. You break it down into smaller parts.

You discover that aside from the actual stand, it also has other parts in its assembly. One of which, are
the screws. You find out that a few of the screws were loose. That’s why the stand fan wobbles and
topples down—because the loose screws led to instability for your stand fan. Now you know what to
fix.

Amazeballs ba?

I mean, it may be intuitive or obvious for some. But standardizing this way of thinking can guide us to
make troubleshooting our design projects easier and faster.

Our goal is to reach the point wherein these ways of thinking comes as natural as breathing. At that
point, we will be equipped to become successful problem-solvers and innovators of our
time.

2
Keep in mind that as innovators,

(1) we identify community-based problems through empathizing and making the appropriate
solutions; (2) which we can troubleshoot using Systems and Factor Analysis to successfully complete
a working prototype; (3) and then communicate this to the fabricators or other professionals through
drawings/sketches and mock-ups; (4) so that in the end we can provide a working and repeatable
solution to the problem.

O, di ba, SUMMARIZED!!!

That’s all for Learning guide 2. Next learning guide, prepare to work up a sweat. We will be doing
something you probably haven’t ever tried in your whole life. Just even thinking about it now…ooh
the shivers.

LGv2 2.0 August 2021 ADTECH 2 (Gr8) Page 7 of 8

References:

[Asahi electric fan photograph]. (n.d.). https://asahiappliances.com/shop/pf-830.html

Cartoon Safety pictures #1552796. [Clip art of man looking at an eyeball]. (n.d.). Clipart Library.
http://clipart-library.com/clipart/pT5oxqpac.htm

Department for Children, Schools and Families. (2010) Functional Skills Support Programme:
Developing functional skills in design and technology.
https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/2230/1/sec_func_skill_dt_0013110.pdf

DG. (n.d.). [No eating no drinking safety digital poster].

https://www.postermywall.com/index.php/art/template/9d869546e49b94f67a1e5d14e0b1ece8/n
o-eating-no-drinking-sign-poster-template#.XzFcTigzZPY

Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. (2012). Orthographic and isometric projections of an object [Digital
drawing]. Isometric drawing. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/isometric-drawing

Lauw, B. (2019). ADTECH 2 – Day 1 [PowerPoint slides]. Technology Unit, PSHS Main Campus

[Signed digital cartoon about doctors]. (2007). Controversies in hospital infection prevention.
http://haicontroversies.blogspot.com/2015/07/the-limitations-of-patient-centered.html

thuuhixmageluig. (2017). Hand-painted medicine first aid kit [PNG image].

https://favpng.com/png_view/hand-painted-medicine-first-aid-kit-first-aid-kit-clip-art-
png/2nTGV5Tp

utityiu. (2012). No horseplay in lab [JPG image]. https://www.myconfinedspace.com/2012/12/17/no-

horseplay-in-lab/no-horseplay-in-lab-jpg/

Walt Disney Animation Studios. (2010). [Still image from Tangled].

https://www.sweetyhigh.com/read/struggles-of-girls-who-have-long-hair-042816

Note:

Your teachers can adjust the assessments, rubrics, submission dates, and type of activity, in short,
anything and everything, depending on the situation of each campus.

Prepared by: Boon Kristoffer P. Lauw Reviewed by: Christine Joyce J. Lagasca
Position: Special Science Teacher I Position: Special Science Teacher I
Campus: PSHS-MC Campus: PSHS-CBZRC

© 2021 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. No part of these Learning Guides may be reproduced,
distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or
mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, Philippine Science High School System. For
permission requests, write to Philippine Science High School System, addressed “Attention: PSHSS Learning Guide
Permissions Coordinator,” at [email protected].

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