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Types of Data Collection: Gathering Data Through Appropriate Instrument and Analytic Designs

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Types of Data Collection: Gathering Data Through Appropriate Instrument and Analytic Designs

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arohaemerald
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Gathering Data Through Appropriate Instrument and Analytic Designs

Types of Data Collection

Primary Data Collection is the gathering of raw data collected at the source. It is a process of collecting
the original data collected by a researcher for a specific research purpose. It could be further analyzed
into two segments, qualitative research and quantitative data collection methods.

Secondary Data Collection is referred to as the gathering of second-hand data collected by an individual
who is not the original user. It is the process of collecting data that is already existing, be it already
published books, journals and/or online portals. In terms of ease, it is much less expensive and easier to
collect.

Qualitative Research Method

The qualitative research methods of data collection does not involve the collection of data that involves
numbers or a need to be deduced through a mathematical calculation, rather it is based on the non-
quantifiable elements like the feeling or emotion of the researcher. An example of such a method is an
open-ended questionnaire.

Experiments

Surveys (sample surveys or census surveys)

Interview is a data collection strategy in which participants are asked to talk about the area under
consideration.

Steps For An Effective Interview

• Prepare interview schedule

• Select subjects/key Respondant

• Conduct the interview

• Analyze and interpret data collected from the interview

Classifications

A. Structured Interviews: In this case, a set of pre-decided questions are there.

B. Unstructured Interviews: In this case, we don't follow a system of pre determined questions.

C. Focused Interviews: Attention is focused on the given experience of the respondent and its possible
effects.

D. Clinical Interviews: Concerned with broad underlying feelings or motivations or with the course of an
individual's life experience.
E. Group Interviews: a group of 6 to 8 individuals is interviewed

F. Qualitative and quantitative Interviews: divided on the basis of subject matter

i.e., whether qualitative or quantitative.

G. Individual Interviews: Interviewer meets a single person and interviews him.

H. Selection Interviews: Done for selection of people for certain Job

Observation is a method under which data from the field is collected with the help of observation by
the observer or by personally going to the field. In the words of P.V Young "Observation may be defined
as systematic viewing, coupled with consideration of seen phenomenon."

Steps for an Effective Observation

• Determine what needs to be observed

• Select participants

• Random/Selected

• Conduct the observation (venue, duration, recording materials, take photographs)

• Compile data collected

• Analyze and interpret data collected

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