Tutorial

Specification Asset Administration Shell

Part 1 Metamodel V3.0 April 2023
Building joint forces for
the digital twin
From Concept to Specification

April 2023
V3.0

2018
V1.0

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 3 02.05.2023

Specifications

V3.0
April 2023

This Tutorial is
about Part 1
IEC 63278

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 4 02.05.2023

For whom is this tutorial?

• You should have an idea of the benefits of

introducting digital twins to your domain
• You should know about the basic concepts of the
Asset Administration Shell
• You should have basic knowledge in UML
modeling
• You are an architect and want to learn more about
the underlying information model of the Asset
Administration Shell
• You are a developer and want to upgrade to the
new version or start your first implementation

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 5 02.05.2023

For whom is this tutorial?

• You feel dissappointed and do not know how

to start?
Have a look at the Asset Administration Shell
Reading Guide!
It is updated on a regular basis.

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 6 02.05.2023

Get started
Download Specification

https://industrialdigitaltwin.org/content-
hub/

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 8 02.05.2023

 Import XMI to your UML tooling

1. 2.

1. Fetch release of AAS you are

interested in
2. Import xmi file into UML tool
https://github.com/admin-shell-io/aas- (best with Enterprise/Architect)
specs/releases
https://github.com/admin-shell-io/aas-
specs/tree/master/schemas/xmi

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 9 02.05.2023

Metamodel Changes

Note for Experts: <Notes for

tutorial listeners who have
knowledge of previous
versions of the specification
(V2.0 or Release Candidates of
V3.0).

If you do not know previous

versions you can ignore these
notes.>

V3.0RC02
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QR-nOl6cuOI

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 10 02.05.2023

 UML Legend

1. Get (re-)familiar with

general UML
modeling rules
2. Get familiar with
specific graphical
representation of
UML in the
specification (partly
tool specific)

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 11 02.05.2023

UML Generalization/Inheritance

Hint: Graphical
representation tool
specific

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 12 02.05.2023

UML Shared Aggregation
Note: Referencing of
Referables is an important
concept to understand when
implementing the AAS

Note for experts: In previous

versions a notation of class
attributes with reference (*)
was used additionally to the
notation with the association
with the diamond.

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 13 02.05.2023

Enumerations

Note 1: Inheritance
between enumerations is
not widely used. It is only
used for graphical
«enumeration» illustration of
Enumeration1 relationships between
literals enumerations
a «enumeration»
Enumeration1

identical to literals
a
b
«enumeration»
Enumeration2

literals
b

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 14 02.05.2023

Templates

Note for experts:

ModelReference<Submod
elElement> is equal to
former notation
SubmodelElement*

Note for experts: no kind

column any longer,
instead different notation
for Type

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 15 02.05.2023

Example for Class Specification

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 16 02.05.2023

Get warm
 Overview – the goal is to be able to read this diagram
Identifiable
HasDataSpecification
AssetAdministrationShell +derivedFrom

+ assetInformation: AssetInformation
0..1
Identifiable
HasDataSpecification
ConceptDescription
AssetInformation + isCaseOf: Reference [0..*]
+ assetKind
+ specificAssetId: SpecificAssetId [0..*]
+ globalAssetId: Identifier [0..1]
+ assetType: Identifier [0..1]
+ defaultThumbnail: Resource [0..1] «Template»
DataSpecification
0..*
HasSemantics Identifiable + administration: AdministrativeInformation [0..1]
SpecificAssetId HasKind + id: Identifier
HasSemantics
+ name: LabelType + dataSpecificationContent: DataSpecificationContent
+ value: Identifier Qualifiable
+ externalSubjectId: Reference [0..1] HasDataSpecification + description: MultiLanguageTextType [0..1]
Submodel
+ submodelElement: SubmodelElement [0..*]

«enumeration»
AssetKind «abstract,Template»
DataElement
literals DataSpecificationContent
Property Exemplary Submodel Element
Type "Property",
Instance + valueType: DataTypeDefXsd
other submodel element subtypes
NotApplicable + value: ValueDataType [0..1]
include operations, collections, files
+ valueId: Reference [0..1]
etc.

HasSemantics Referable
Qualifier HasSemantics
+ type: QualifierType Qualifiable
+ valueType: DataTypeDefXsd HasDataSpecification
+ value: ValueDataType [0..1] «abstract»
+ valueId: Reference [0..1] SubmodelElement
«Experimental»
+ kind: QualifierKind [0..1] = ConceptQualifier

«external global reference»

External Concept Definitions

«external»
Property Definition IEC
61360

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 18 02.05.2023

 Overview – the goal is to be able to read this diagram
Identifiable
HasDataSpecification

Note for Experts: no AssetAdministrationShell

+ assetInformation: AssetInformation
+derivedFrom
0..1
Identifiable
views supported any HasDataSpecification
ConceptDescription
longer AssetInformation + isCaseOf: Reference [0..*]
+ assetKind
+ specificAssetId: SpecificAssetId [0..*]
Note for Experts: no +
+
globalAssetId: Identifier [0..1]
assetType: Identifier [0..1]
«Template»
assets supported any + defaultThumbnail: Resource [0..1]
DataSpecification
longer, HasSemantics
0..*

Identifiable + administration: AdministrativeInformation [0..1]

AssetAdministrationShell
SpecificAssetId HasKind + id: Identifier
HasSemantics
+ name: LabelType + dataSpecificationContent: DataSpecificationContent
/assetInformation +
+
value: Identifier
externalSubjectId: Reference [0..1]
Qualifiable
HasDataSpecification + description: MultiLanguageTextType [0..1]
Submodel
introduced instead + submodelElement: SubmodelElement [0..*]

«enumeration»
AssetKind «abstract,Template»
Note for Experts: Security literals
DataElement
DataSpecificationContent
Property Exemplary Submodel Element
in Part 4 Type
Instance + valueType: DataTypeDefXsd
"Property",
other submodel element subtypes
NotApplicable + value: ValueDataType [0..1]
include operations, collections, files
+ valueId: Reference [0..1]
etc.

HasSemantics Referable
Qualifier HasSemantics
+ type: QualifierType Qualifiable
+ valueType: DataTypeDefXsd HasDataSpecification
+ value: ValueDataType [0..1] «abstract»
+ valueId: Reference [0..1] SubmodelElement
«Experimental»
+ kind: QualifierKind [0..1] = ConceptQualifier

«external global reference»

External Concept Definitions

«external»
Property Definition IEC
61360

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 19 02.05.2023

Common

Common
+ AdministrativeInformation
+ Extension
+ h0_HasExtensions
+ h1_Referable Common Entities
+ h2_Identifiable
+ h3_HasKind «import» + Qualifier
+ h4_HasSemantics
+ h5_Qualifiable
+ h6_HasDataSpecification
+ Common Entities

Note: h0_ h1_ are just

added for sorting. In
diagrams alias are used
without this prefix. Only
in package overview and
inheritance alias are not
supported by the UML
tooling used.

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 20 02.05.2023

 Common – Identifiables and Referables
Note for Experts:
Identifier in previous
HasExtensions
versions of the
«abstract» specification had two
Referable attributes: the ID itself
and the ID type (IRI, IRDI,
+ idShort: NameType [0..1]
Custom). The ID type was
+ displayName: MultiLanguageNameType [0..1]
removed from the model.
+ description: MultiLanguageTextType [0..1]
«Deprecated»
Note for Experts: idShort
+ category: NameType [0..1]
now optional but still
required for non-
HasDataSpecification identifiable referables.
«abstract»
AdministrativeInformation DisplayName introduced.
Identifiable
+ administration: AdministrativeInformation [0..1] + version: VersionType [0..1] Note for Experts:
+ id: Identifier + revision: RevisionType [0..1] category of referables set
+ creator: Reference [0..1] to deprecated.
+ templateId: Identifier [0..1]
Note for Experts: New
attributes in
administrative
Note for Experts 3.0: checksum handling in
information: creator and
discussion, not part of model 3.0.
template ID

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 21 02.05.2023

Common - Qualifiables

«abstract»
Qualifiable
+ qualifier: Qualifier [0..*]

HasSemantics
Common Entities::Qualifier
«enumeration»
+ type: QualifierType Enumerations::
+ valueType: DataTypeDefXsd QualifierKind
+ value: ValueDataType [0..1]
literals Note for Experts: No
+ valueId: Reference [0..1]
ValueQualifier Formulas (or other
«Experimental» ConceptQualifier Constraints) supported
+ kind: QualifierKind [0..1] = ConceptQualifier TemplateQualifier for Qualifiables any
longer,

Note for Experts:

Expertimental Qualifier
kind introduced

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 22 02.05.2023

Common - HasSemantics

The semanticId is the identifier of

the semantic definition of the
element.
Supplemental semantic IDs can
be added.

Note for Experts: Besides Note for Experts:

the semanticId semantic ID now optional
supplemental semantic but recommended
IDs are now possible to
be added.

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 23 02.05.2023

Matching Strategies for semantic IDs
Note: isCaseOf of
concept descriptions and
Exact Matching (identicals semantic Ids) – DEFAULT
supplemental semantic
IDs are not yet 0173-1#02- ManufacturerName Herstellername
AAO677#002
considered in the defined semanticId = semanticId =
0173-1#02-AAO677#002 0173-1#02-AAO677#002
matching strategies.

Intelligent Matching (compatible semantic Ids)

Ignore Versioning 0173-1#02-

AAO677#002
ManufacturerName Herstellername
semanticId = semanticId =
0173-1#02-AAO677#002 0173-1#02-AAO677#003

nominalCapacity
Consider Semantic Mappings 0173-1#02- nominalCapacity nominalCapacity
AAI048#00 semanticId = semanticId =
0112/2///61360_4#AAE530 0173-1#02-AAI048#00

Drill for mineral

Consider Domain Knowledge material 0173-1#01- HammerDrill PercussionDrill
ADN177#005 semanticId = semanticId =
0173-1#01-ADS698#010 0173-1#01-ADN177#005

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 24 02.05.2023

Common - HasExtensions
Note for Experts 3.0:
refersTo now only
HasSemantics supports references to
«abstract» Extension Referables, not to
HasExtensions external sources.
+ name: NameType
+ extension: Extension [0..*] + valueType: DataTypeDefXsd [0..1] = xs:string
+ value: ValueDataType [0..1] Note for Experts 2.0:
proprietary extensions
now supported

«abstract»
+refersTo
Referable
0..*
+ idShort: NameType [0..1]
+ displayName: MultiLanguageNameType [0..1]
Allows to annotate an object with
+ description: MultiLanguageTextType [0..1]
proprietary add-ons (extensions)
«Deprecated» without need to (wait for) update the
+ category: NameType [0..1]
metamodel
-
Be aware: extensions do not support
interoperability!

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 25 02.05.2023

Common - HasDataSpecification

«abstract» Allows to define Note for Experts: Data

HasDataSpecification standardized templates for Specifications are not part of
data specification Part 1 any longer: They are
+ dataSpecification: Reference [0..*] part of data specifications
Data specification reference series Part 3
shall be globally unique and
identifies which data
specifications are used for
an object

Attributes defined in
template are added to the
object

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 26 02.05.2023

Common - HasKind
Note for Experts: Only
Submodels have the kind
«enumeration» ModelingKind = Instance provides values for
«abstract» attribute, submodel elements
ModellingKind all data elements within a submodel
HasKind do implicitly have the same
literals modelling kind.
+ kind: ModelingKind [0..1] = Instance ModelingKind = Template is used to specify
Template
Instance Submodel Templates, e.g. for the Digital
Nameplate or Technical Data

Note: Do not mix up with

«enumeration»
AssetKind
AssetKind.
AssetKind reflects the time
literals
Type in the life cycle of a
Instance product, e.g. in Engineering
NotApplicable phase it is a product type,
in production it is an
product instance that is
produced.

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 27 02.05.2023

Referencing
Reference «enumeration»
+ type: ReferenceTypes ReferenceTypes
External + referredSemanticId: Reference [0..1]
+ key: Key [1..*] {ordered}
literals
ExternalReference
Global ModelReference

References (e.g.
to ECLASS IRDI, Key «enumeration»
manfuacturer Web-Site) KeyTypes
+ type: KeyTypes
+ value: Identifier literals
AnnotationRelationshipElement
AssetAdministrationShell
References BasicEventElement
Blob
into a File Capability
ConceptDescription
(Fragment) DataElement
Entity
EventElement
File

Model FragmentReference
GlobalReference

References to Identifiable
MultiLanguageProperty
Operation
any Referable Property
Range
in an AAS Referable
ReferenceElement
model (e.g. to define RelationshipElement
Submodel
Note for Experts:
relationships between SubmodelElement Reference Concept
elements) SubmodelElementCollection
updated
SubmodelElementList

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 28 02.05.2023

Referencing - Examples

Reference «enumeration»
+ type: ReferenceTypes ReferenceTypes
+ referredSemanticId: Reference [0..1] literals
+ key: Key [1..*] {ordered} ExternalReference
ModelReference

Key «enumeration»
KeyTypes
+ type: KeyTypes
+ value: Identifier literals
AnnotationRelationshipElement
AssetAdministrationShell
BasicEventElement
Blob
Capability
ConceptDescription
DataElement
Entity
EventElement
File
FragmentReference
GlobalReference
Identifiable
MultiLanguageProperty
Operation
Property
Range
Referable
ReferenceElement
RelationshipElement
Submodel
SubmodelElement
SubmodelElementCollection
SubmodelElementList

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 29 02.05.2023

Now dive in
The Asset Administration Shell
Note for Experts: Security
and Asset Administration
Shell now loosely Identifiable
HasDataSpecification
coupled only
AssetAdministrationShell +derivedFrom
0..1

Note for Experts: + assetInformation: AssetInformation

Updated asset handling

Note for Experts: new

attribute „assetType“ for
AssetInformation
product type – product «enumeration»
instance relationship AssetKind + assetKind
+ specificAssetId: SpecificAssetId [0..*]
literals + globalAssetId: Identifier [0..1]
Note for Experts: New Type + assetType: Identifier [0..1]
Instance + defaultThumbnail: Resource [0..1]
value NotApplicable for NotApplicable
asset kind
HasSemantics 0..*

SpecificAssetId Identifiable
+ name: LabelType HasKind
+ value: Identifier HasSemantics
+ externalSubjectId: Reference [0..1] Qualifiable
HasDataSpecification
Submodel
+ submodelElement: SubmodelElement [0..*]

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 31 02.05.2023

Submodel

Identifiable Referable
HasKind HasSemantics
HasSemantics Qualifiable
Qualifiable HasDataSpecification
HasDataSpecification «abstract»
Submodel SubmodelElement
+ submodelElement: SubmodelElement [0..*]

HasDataSpecification
AdministrativeInformation
+ version: VersionType [0..1]
+ revision: RevisionType [0..1]
+ creator: Reference [0..1]
+ templateId: Identifier [0..1]

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 32 02.05.2023

Overview – Package Submodel Elements

Note for Experts:

Submodel Elements SubmodelElementCollection splitted
into SubmodelElementCollection and
+ AnnotatedRelationshipElement
SubmodelElementList
+ BasicEventElement
+ Blob
+ Capability
+ DataElement
+ Entity Submodel Element Entities
+ EventElement
+ EventPayload
+ File
«import» + OperationVariable
+ MultiLanguageProperty
+ Direction
+ Operation
+ StateOfEvent
+ Property
+ Range
+ ReferenceElement
+ RelationshipElement Note for Experts:
+ SubmodelElementCollection experimental
+ SubmodelElementList new/updated elements for
+ Submodel Element Entities events

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 33 02.05.2023

 Submodel Element Subtypes

Referable
HasSemantics
Qualifiable
HasDataSpecification
«abstract»
SubmodelElement

RelationshipElement DataElement Entity Operation

+ first: Reference + statement: SubmodelElement [0..*] + inputVariable: OperationVariable [0..*]
+ second: Reference + entityType: EntityType + outputVariable: OperationVariable [0..*]
Capability + globalAssetId: Identifier [0..1] + inoutputVariable: OperationVariable [0..*]
+ specificAssetId: SpecificAssetId [0..*]

AnnotatedRelationshipElement
MultiLanguageProperty
ReferenceElement «abstract,Experimental»
+ annotation: DataElement [0..*]
+ value: MultiLanguageTextType [0..1] SubmodelElementCollection EventElement
+ value: Reference [0..1] OperationVariable
+ valueId: Reference [0..1]
+ value: SubmodelElement [0..*]
+ value: SubmodelElement
Property «Experimental» File
Range «Experimental»
+ valueType: DataTypeDefXsd + value: PathType [0..1] BasicEventElement
+ value: ValueDataType [0..1] + valueType: DataTypeDefXsd + contentType: ContentType
+ valueId: Reference [0..1] + min: ValueDataType [0..1] + observed: Referable*
+ max: ValueDataType [0..1] + direction: Direction
SubmodelElementList + state: StateOfEvent
Blob + messageTopic: MessageTopicType [0..1]
+ orderRelevant: boolean [0..1] = True
+ messageBroker: Referable* [0..1]
+ value: BlobType [0..1] + semanticIdListElement: Reference [0..1]
+ lastUpdate: dateTime [0..1]
+ contentType: ContentType + typeValueListElement: AasSubmodelElements
+ minInterval: duration [0..1]
+ valueTypeListElement: DataTypeDefXsd [0..1]
+ maxInterval: duration [0..1]
+ value: SubmodelElement [0..*] {ordered}

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 34 02.05.2023

Submodel Element Collections and Lists

SubmodelElementList
SubmodelElementCollection + orderRelevant: boolean [0..1] = True
+ semanticIdListElement: Reference [0..1]
+ value: SubmodelElement [0..*] + typeValueListElement: AasSubmodelElements
+ valueTypeListElement: DataTypeDefXsd [0..1]
+ value: SubmodelElement [0..*] {ordered}

Referable
HasSemantics
Qualifiable Difference in serialization in
HasDataSpecification ValueOnly Format Referable
HasSemantics
«abstract» Qualifiable
SubmodelElement HasDataSpecification
«abstract»
SubmodelElement

Note for Experts:

Elements in submodel
elements list do not have
an idShort but are
numbered

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 35 02.05.2023

Composite I4.0 Components

Identifiable
- There is no composite Asset AssetInformation
HasDataSpecification
AssetAdministrationShell
+derivedFrom
0..1

Administration Shell, only a composite +

+
assetKind
specificAssetId: SpecificAssetId [0..*] + assetInformation: AssetInformation

asset
+ globalAssetId: Identifier [0..1]
+ assetType: Identifier [0..1]
+ defaultThumbnail: Resource [0..1]
- Add a bill of material submodel to the AAS
of the composite asset: this submodel
0..*

Identifiable

contains asset IDs to identify its parts

HasKind
HasSemantics HasSemantics
Qualifiable
- Via the asset IDs of its parts the AASs of
SpecificAssetId
HasDataSpecification
+ name: LabelType
Submodel
the parts can be found – in case of self- +
+
value: Identifier
externalSubjectId: Reference [0..1] + submodelElement: SubmodelElement [0..*]

managed entities
- In case of co-managed entity the part is Referable
HasSemantics
described in the AAS of the composite Entity Qualifiable
HasDataSpecification
+ statement: SubmodelElement [0..*]
asset itself + entityType: EntityType «abstract»
SubmodelElement
+ globalAssetId: Identifier [0..1]
- Any kind of relationship between parts of + specificAssetId: SpecificAssetId [0..*]

the composite asset can be expressed

«enumeration»
EntityType RelationshipElement
Note for Experts: no bill literals + first: Reference
of materials any longer as CoManagedEntity + second: Reference
SelfManagedEntity
part of assetInformation

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 36 02.05.2023

Embedded Data Specifications
Identifiable
ConceptDescription Property 0173-1#02-BAA120#008
Max. rotation speed
+ isCaseOf: Reference [0..*]
Data type INTEGER_MEASURE
Data Specification Handling - Metamodel
Unit of measure 1/min

Data Specification Handling - Serialization Definition Greatest possible rotation speed with
wich the motor or feeding unit may be
«abstract» «abstract» operated

HasDataSpecification HasDataSpecification
«realize» DataSpecificationContent
+ dataSpecification: Reference [0..*] + embeddedDataSpecification: EmbeddedDataSpecification [0..*]
«Template»
«external global reference» DataSpecificationIec61360
+ preferredName: PreferredNameTypeIec61360
«Template» + shortName: ShortNameTypeIec61360 [0..1]
DataSpecification + unit: string [0..1]
+ unitId: Reference [0..1]
+ administration: AdministrativeInformation [0..1] global reference
+ sourceOfDefinition: string [0..1]
+ id: Identifier to id of
+ symbol: string [0..1]
+ dataSpecificationContent: DataSpecificationContent DataSpecification
+ dataType: DataTypeIec61360 [0..1]
+ description: MultiLanguageTextType [0..1]
+ definition: DefinitionTypeIec61360 [0..1]
+ valueFormat: ValueFormatTypeIec61360 [0..1]
+ valueList: ValueList [0..1]
+ value: ValueTypeIec61360 [0..1]
«abstract,Template» «abstract,Template» + levelType: LevelType [0..1]
EmbeddedDataSpecification
DataSpecificationContent DataSpecificationContent
«realize» + dataSpecification: Reference [0..1]
+ dataSpecificationContent: DataSpecificationContent
Data Specifications in Part
3 – data specification
template IEC 61360 just for
In formats like xml, JSON,
illustration
rdf the embedded data
specification approach is
implemented

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 37 02.05.2023

Create your first digital
twin
AASX Package Explorer

https://github.com/admin-shell-io/aasx-package-explorer

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 39 02.05.2023

Life Cycle Phases and Formats

Technology neutral /
Meta-level
independent

Information- Information Package-

AutomationML XML/ JSON OPC UA RDF
Representation security format

Important in
the life cycle Engineering Business process Operation and maintenance
whole life cycle

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 40 02.05.2023

 Serializations/Formats

Note: for data

specifications the
https://github.com/admin-shell-io/aas- embedded approach is
specs/tree/master/schemas used

Note for Experts: Mapping Rules and Schema

for xml, JSON and rdf as well as examples not
part of specification any longer  now part of
open source project admin-shell-io/aas-specs Note: see Readme files for
different mappings to XML,
Note for Experts: Formats like OPC UA or JSON and RDF
AutomationML are maintained in OPC
Foundation and Automation e.V.

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 41 02.05.2023

Open Source Support

https://github.com/orgs
/admin-shell-io/ Status: April 2023

Note: specifications
maintained in admin-shell-io

https://projects.eclipse.org/projects/dt/
The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 42 02.05.2023
Still Questions?
Questions and Answers

https://github.com/admin-shell-io/questions-and-answers
The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 44 02.05.2023
AAS Academy

www.u4i.io/IDTA

Who we are and what we do... 45 02.05.2023

Let´s go!
 Dr. Birgit Boss
Robert Bosch GmbH, Bosch Connected Industry

• Board member of the Industrial Digital Twin

Association (IDTA)
• Chair of the Working Group “Open Technology”
and its Working Stream “Specifications of the
Connect on Asset Administration Shell”
www.linkedin.com/in/birgit-boss/
• Chair of the Working Group “Semantic Layer
including Digital Twins” of Catena-X
• PMC member of the Eclipse Digital Twin Top Level
Project

The Asset Administration Shell Metamodel 50 02.05.2023

www.industrialdigitaltwin.org