CHEMISTRY

Class 12th – Chapter wise Practise Questions

SOLUTIONS

1. Calculate the Van’t Hoff factor for KCl.MgCl2.6H2O in dilution solution.

2. What are Azeotropes? Give examples.

3. 10g of glucose is dissolved in 400g of solution. Calculate the percentage concentration of

the solution.

4. Out of dinitrogen and dioxygen gases, which is more soluble in water at 298K if the henrys
constant is 76.48kbar and 34.86kbar respectively?

5. What is the maximum value of Van’t Hoff factor for 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4 . 10𝐻2 𝑂?

6. Define Reverse Osmosis.

7. 15g of unknown molecular substance is dissolved in 450g of water which resulted in

depression in freezing point of 0.340C. Calculate the molecular mass of the substance.

8. Calculate the osmotic pressure in pascals exerted by a solution prepared by dissolving 1g

of polymer mass having mass 18,500g in 450ml of water at 370C.

9. Calculate the amount of urea that must be dissolved in 50g in water so that the vapor
pressure at room temperature is reduced by 25%. Also calculate the molality of the
solution.

10. Calculate the amount of ice that will separate out on cooling the solution containing 50g of
ethylene glycol in 200g of water to –9.30C.

11. Calculate the mass percentage and mole fraction of benzene and carbon tetrachloride if
22g of benzene is dissolved in 122g of carbon tetrachloride.

12. Calculate the molarity of the Solution obtained by mixing 500ml of 2.5M urea solution and
1000ml of 2M urea solution.
13. The mole fraction of methanol is 0.02. and the density of the substance is 0.994g/cm3.
Determine the Molarity and Molality respectively.

14. 2000ml of calcium chloride contains 3.011×1022 chloride ions. Calculate the molarity of
the solution considering that calcium chloride is completely ionized.

15. The solubility of oxygen in water is 1.35×10-3 mole per litre at 200C and 1atm pressure.
Calculate the concentration of oxygen at 200C and 0.2atm pressure.

16. An aqueous solution containing 3.12g of barium chloride in 250g of water is found to have
the boiling point of 100.08320C. Calculate the Degree of Dissociation of barium chloride.

17. The degree of dissociation of calcium nitrate in a dilute solution, containing 7g of salt per
100g of water at 1000C is 70%. Calculate the vapor pressure of the solution in “mm of Hg”.

18. 2g of 𝐶6 𝐻5 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 dissolved in 25g of benzene showed a depression in freezing point of

1.62K. Calculate the percentage dissociation or association if the Cryoscopic constant for
benzene is equal to 4.9 K kg mol-1.

19. Three molecules of A associate to form a trimer in benzene. Calculate the freezing point of
0.25molal aqueous if the degree of association of solute A is 0.8 where the freeing point of
pure benzene is 5.50C and Cryoscopic constant value is 5.13 K/m.

20. A 5% solution of sucrose is found to be isotonic with 0.877% solution of urea. Calculate
the molecular mass of Urea.

21. An aqueous solution of glucose boils at 100.010C. The molal boiling point elevation
constant for water is 0.5K kg/mol. Calculate the number of glucose molecules in the
solution containing 100g of water.

22. A solution containing 30g of non – volatile solute exactly in 90g of water has a vapor
pressure of 2.8kPa at 298K. Further, 18g of water is then added to solution and the new
vapor pressure was found to be 2.9kPa at same temperature. Calculate the molar mass of
the solute and vapor pressure of water at 298K.

23. 5g of a substance in dissolved in 100ml of water at 300K. If the vapor pressure of the
solution is found to be 4.16kPa whereas the vapor pressure of pure water is 4.24kPa,
calculate the molecular mass of the substance.
24. The degree of dissociation of Calcium nitrate (𝐶𝑎(𝑁𝑂3 )2) in a dilute aqueous solution
containing 14g of salt per 200g of water at 100°C is 70%. If the vapor pressure of water is
760mm of Hg, find the vapor pressure of the solution.

25. 10mg of a protein is dissolved in enough water to make a solution of 10mL. if this solution
has an osmotic pressure of 13.3mm of Hg at 25°C, calculate the molecular mass of the
protein.

26. Calculate the mass of potassium chloride to be added 65g of water in order to reduce the
freezing point of the solution formed by 15°C, if this solution is having same Van’t Hoff
factor as that of the solution whose boiling point is found to be 102.1°C by adding 8.2g of
sodium chloride in 65g of water. (𝐾𝑏,𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 0.52𝐾 𝐾𝑔/ 𝑚𝑜𝑙, 𝐾𝑓,𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 1.86𝐾 𝐾𝑔/
𝑚𝑜𝑙).

27. An aqueous solution of barium chloride containing 12.48g of barium chloride in 1kg of
water boils at 373.082°K. Calculate the degree of dissociation. (Mol. Mass of 𝐵𝑎𝐶𝑙2 =
208g/mol)

28. 19.5g of 𝐶𝐻2 𝐹𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 is dissolved in 500g of water and the solution is found to have a 2°C
depression in freezing point. Calculate the degree of dissociation of dissociation constant.

29. Determine the osmotic pressure of the solution formed by dissolving 25mg of 𝐾2 𝑆𝑂4 in 2L
of water at 298K assuming it is 85% dissociated.

30. A solution of 30g of non – volatile solute added in 90g of water is found to have a vapor
pressure of 2.8kPa at 298K. further, if 18g of the solute is added, the new vapor pressure
is 2.9kPa at 298K. Calculate the Molar mass of the solute added.
 CHEMICAL KINETICS

1. Write the rate of appearance and disappearance equation for the reaction:
4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O

2. In the reaction, 2A + B → C, what would be the rate of disappearance of A if the rate of

appearance of C is 2.2×10-3 mol L- min-1.

3. The half – life of two samples is 0.1s and 0.4s at C1 (mol/L) and C2 (mol/L) respectively.
If the reaction is a Zero order reaction, which among following is true:
(a) C1 < C2 (b) C1 > C2 (c) C1 = C2 (d) Can’t Predict

4. Derive the half – life time for 0th Order and 1st Order reactions respectively by considering
the initial concentration of reactants as CA0 M.
5. Differentiate between Molecularity and Order of the reaction.

6. Define a catalyst. Write the properties of catalyst.

7. Prove that for a 1st order reaction, t99% = 2×t90%.

8. Comment on the following for the reaction, A → Products:

(a) Rate of reaction with change in initial concentration of reactants for a Zero Order
reaction.
(b) Rate of reaction with change in initial concentration of reactants for a First Order
reaction.

9. If a 1st order reaction takes 100mins for 75% completion, find time taken for 87.5%
completion.

10. A reaction rate constant is given by log (k) = 14.079 – 1305.678/T sec-1. Find the activation
energy of the reaction and rate constant 30K.

11. A first order reaction is 50% completed in 20 minutes at 27°C and in 5 minutes at 47°C.
calculate the energy of activation of the reaction.

12. (a) Derive Zeroth Order Integrated rate equation by considering the initial concentration of
the reactant as CA0 (mol L-1) and CA (mol L-1) as concentration of reactant A at any time
“t” for the reaction: aA → Products.

(b) Draw the graph for the Zeroth Order Integrated Rate Equation.
13. Find the following for the reaction between A and B using the data given in the table:
A + B → Products
Rate of Reaction
Exp. No. [A] (mol L-1) [B] (mol L-1)
(mol L-1 s-1)
1 0.2 0.3 5 × 10-5
2 0.2 0.1 5 × 10-5
3 0.4 0.05 7.5 × 10-5
(a) Find the overall order of the reaction.
(b) Find the rate constant of the reaction.
(c) Write the rate law.

14. Find the following for the reaction between A and B using the data given in the table:
A + B → Products
Rate of Reaction
Exp. No. [A] (mol L-1) [B] (mol L-1)
(mol L-1 s-1)
1 0.2 0.2 0.04
2 0.1 0.4 0.04
3 0.2 0.4 0.08
(a) Find the overall order of the reaction.
(b) Find the rate constant of the reaction.
(c) Write the rate law.
 CO – ORDINATION COMPOUNDS

1. The ion which gives coloured solution is:

(A) Zn2+ (B) Cd2+
(C) Cu2+ (D) Fe2+

2. Copper showing +2 oxidation states uses

(A) Both electrons from 4s orbital
(B) Both electrons from 4p orbital
(C) Both electrons from 3d orbital
(D) On electron from 3d and one electron from 4s orbital

3. Complex forming tendency of transition metal is due to

(A) Low charge of transition metal ion (B) Availability of vacant d- orbitals
(C) Availability of filled d- orbitals (D) Large size of transition metal ion.

4. The electronic configuration of gadolinium (Atomic number 64) is

(A) [Xe]4f35d56s2 (B) [Xe]4f75d16s2
(C) [Xe]4f75d26s1 (D) [Xe]4f85d66s2

5. The magnetic moment in an iron salt is 4.90 BM. The oxidation state of Fe in that salt is
(A) +3 (B) +2.5
(C) +4 (D) +2

6. Wrong statement about transition metal is:

(A) Most of transition elements and their compounds are paramagnetic and show color
(B) Most of transition elements and their compounds are diamagnetic
(C) They show variable valency
(D) None of the above

7. Identify the hybridization of iron atom in [Fe(CN)6]3- complex is

(A) sp3 (B) d2sp3
(C) sp3d2 (D) dsp2

8. The complex ion [Ni(CN)4]2− is

(A) Tetrahedral and paramagnetic (B) square planar and diamagnetic
(C) square planar and paramagnetic (D) Tetrahedral and diamagnetic

9. Which of the following free gaseous ions of 3d elements has the highest paramagnetic
moment?
(A) Ni2+ (B) Mn2+
(C) Fe2+ (D) Cu2+
10. The incorrect statement among the following is:
(A) La(OH)3 is less basic than Lu(OH)3
(B) In lanthanide series, ionic radii of Ln3+ decrease.
(C) La is actually an element of transition series rather than Lanthanoid series
(D) Atomic radii of Zr and Hf are same due to Lanthanoid contraction

11. In the complexes [Fe(CN)6]3- and [Pt(en)( H2O)2( NO2)Cl]2+ the oxidation numbers of the
respective central metal atoms are:
(A) +3 and +4 (B) +6 and +4
(C) +6 and +3 (D) +3 and +3

12. Four successive members of first row transition elements are listed below. For which one
of them the standard electrode potential value (E0 M2+/M) have a positive sign.
(A) Co(Z=27) (B) Ni (Z=28)
(C) Cu(Z=29) (D) Fe(Z=26)

13. The catalytic activity of the transition metals and their compound is ascribed to:
(A) Their magnetic behavior
(B) Their unfilled d-orbitals
(C) Their ability to adopt multiple oxidation state
(D) Their chemical reactivity

14. The correct IUPAC name of [Pt(NH3)2Cl2] is ________

(A) diamminedichloridoplatinum (II)
(B) diamminedichloridoplatinum (IV)
(C) diamminedichloridoplatinum (0)
(D) dichloridodiammineplatinum (II)

15. Which of the following is not expected to be a ligand?

(A) NO (B) NH4+
(C) CO (D) NH2CH2CH2NH2

16. Among the following co-ordination compounds which one will give white precipitate
with BaCl2:
(A) [Cr(H2O)5 Br]SO4 (B) [Cr( H2O)5 (SCN)]
(C) [Cr(NH3)5 (SO4)]Br (D) [Pt( NH3)6 ]Cl4

17. The formula of the complex Tetraammineaquachloridocobalt(III)chloride is:

(A) [Co(NH3)4(H2O)Cl]Cl2 (B) [Co(NH3)4(H2O)Cl]Cl3
(C) [Co(NH3)2(H2O)Cl]Cl2 (D) [Co(NH3)4(H2O)Cl]Cl
18. When one mole of CoCl3.5NH3 was treated with excess of silver nitrate solution, 2 mol
of AgCl was precipitated. The formula of the compound is:
(A) [Co(NH3) 5Cl2]Cl (B) [Co(NH3) 5Cl]Cl2
(C) [Co(NH3)4Cl2] (NH3)Cl (D) [Co(NH3) 3] (NH3)2

19. Interstitial compounds are formed when small atoms are trapped inside the crystal lattice
of metals. Which of the following is not the characteristic property of interstitial
compounds?
(a) They have high melting points in comparison to pure metals
(b) They are very hard
(c) They retain metallic conductivity
(d) They are chemically very reactive.

20. Assertion: Oxalate ion cannot be considered a bidentate ligand

Reason: Oxalate ion has two donor atoms
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for
assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation
for assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

21. Assertion: E0 for Mn3+ /Mn2+ is more positive than Cr3+ /Cr2+
Reason: The third ionization energy of Mn is lesser than that of Cr.
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for
assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation
for assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

22. Assertion: Cu can liberate hydrogen from acids.

Reason: Because it has positive electrode potential.
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for
assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation
for assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
23. Assertion: Mercury is liquid at room temperature.
Reason: Mercury has no unpaired d electrons, hence metallic bond is weakest.
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for
assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation
for assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

24. Assertion: Zn2+ is diamagnetic

Reason: The electrons are lost from 4s orbital to from Zn2+
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for
assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation
for assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

25. Assertion: F- ion is a strong field ligand and forms inner orbital complex.
Reason: F- ion cannot force the electrons of dz2 and dx2 - y2 orbitals of the inner shell to
occupy dxy, dyz, and dzx, orbitals of the same shell.
(a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for
assertion.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation
for assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES
 ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS

1. Draw the structures of following compounds:

(a) 4–phenyl–2–methyl pentan–1–ol
(b) 2–cyclohexyl propan–1–ol
(c) 2–ethoxy–2–methyl pentane
(d) Propan–1, 2, 3–triol

2. Write the IUPAC names for the following structures:

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

3. Give the reactions for preparation of phenol from isopropyl benzene.

4. Write the products obtained when pentan–2–ol is treated with:

(a) conc. Sulphuric acid at 443K. (b) conc. Sulphuric acid at 413K.

5. (a) Which is the best method to prepare alcohols from alkyl halides? Which is the best
reagent used for such reactions?
(b) Explain the preparation of Phenol from Diazonium salts with the help of an example.

6. (a) Write the name of the reaction and explain the method for reaction between 2–methyl
but–2–ene with diborane followed by reaction with a strong base in presence of other
required agents.
(b) State the principle and the mechanism used to predict the product?
7. (a) Explain Williamson Synthesis and show the reaction by considering Propanol and Ethyl
Chloride.
(b) Identify A, B, C & R in the following reaction and draw their structures. Write the
IUPAC names of A and R.
𝑅𝑀𝑔𝑋 𝐻2 𝑂,𝐻 +
A→ B→ C
0
C is a 3 alcohol. IUPAC Name of compound C is: 2,3 dimethyl–1–phenyl butan–2–ol.
 ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

1. Draw the structures of following compounds:

(a) 1 – phenyl pentan – 2 – one (b) 3 – hydroxy Propanoic Acid
(c) 3 – oxo pentanal (d) p – methyl benzaldehyde.

2. Write the IUPAC names for the following structures:

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

3. Which among aldehydes and ketones can undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions more
easily and why?

4. (a) Write Rosenmund Reaction with the help of an example?

(b) Write Stephens Reactions with the help of an example?

5. Write the products obtained when Propanal is treated with the following reagents?
(a) Zinc – Amalgam in conc. HCl
(b) Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) in Acidic Medium
(c) Hydrogen Cyanide

6. (a) Write detailed steps of reaction between Ethanal and Butan – 2 – one in presence of
dilute aqueous hydroxide followed by heating. Write all possible products.
(b) Give the IUPAC Names of only major products. Name the reaction.

7. (a) Write the structures of A, B, C and D in the following reaction:

(b) How do you distinguish between

(i) Butanone and Butanal (ii) Ethanal and Ethanoic Acid
 AMINES
1. Draw the structure of N – methyl propanamine.

2. Give a chemical test to distinguish between aniline and N – cyclohexyl aniline.

3. Arrange the following in the order of basic strength in gas phase: CH3 – N – CH2 – CH3,
C6H5NH2, (CH3)3N

4. Give the structure and IUPAC name of Hinsberg reaction.

5. What is Zwitter Ion?

6. Give carbylamine reaction for aniline and 2 – methyl propan – 2 – amine.

7. Convert propanoic acid to propanamine.

8. Give the reaction of 4 – fluoro – 3 – methyl – pentan – 2 – amine with nitrous acid followed
by reaction with:
(a) orthophosporic acid (b) water

9. Give the detailed reaction for preparation of 10Amines from Phthalimide.

10. Is Friedel crafts reaction possible for aniline. Justify your answer.

11. Give the detailed sequence of reactions involved in preparation of p – nitro aniline from
aniline.

12. (a) Show the reaction between 10, 20 and 30 amines with acyl chloride with mechanism for
each case.
(b) What is the name of reaction?
 BIOMOLECULES

1. DNA and RNA has four bases each. Which of the following base is not present in RNA?
(A) Cytosine (B) Uracil
(C) Adenine (D) Thymine

2. Nucleic acids are the polymers of

(A) Bases (B) Nucleotide
(C) Sugar (D) Nucleosides

3. Proteins are found to have two different types of secondary structure viz.α – helix and β –
pleated sheet, α – helix structure of protein is majorly stabilized by.
(A) Van der waals forces (B) Peptide bonds
(C) Dipole – dipole interaction (D) Hydrogen bonds

4. Those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by animal bodies are called
(A) Active (B) Essential
(C) Energy yielding (D) Non-essential

5. A nucleoside is
(A) Base + phosphate (B) Base + sugar+ phosphate
(C) Sugar + phosphate (D) Base + sugar

6. Peptide bonds are key feature of

(A) Vitamins (B) Proteins
(C) Polysaccharide (D) Nucleotide

7. In DNA, guanine pairs with

(A) Cytosine (B) Thymine
(C) Uracil (D) Adenine

8. Dinucleotide is a obtained by joining two nucleotide together by phosphodiester linkage

between which carbon atoms of pentose sugar of nucleotides?
(A) 5’ and 5’ (B) 1’ and 3’
(C) 5’ and 3’ (D) 1’ and 5’

9. During acetylation of glucose it needs, x moles of.acetic anhydride. The value of x is:
(A) 3 (B) 5
(C) 4 (D) 1

10. On oxidation with a mild oxidising agent like Br2/H20, the glucose is oxidized to
(A) Saccharic acid (B) Glucaric acid
(C) Gluconic acid (D) Valeric acid
11. Glycosidic linkage is an
(A) Amide linkage (B) Ester linkage
(C) Ether linkage (D) Acetyl linkage

12. Which reagent is used to convert glucose into saccharic acid?

(A) Br2/H2O (B) Nitric acid
(C) Alkaline solution of iodine (D) Ammonium hydroxide

13. The α-and β-forms of glucose are

(A) isomers of D (+) glucose and L (-) glucose respectively
(B) diastereomers of glucose
(C) anomers of glucose
(D) isomers which differ in the configuration of C-2

14. The anomeric carbon in D (+) glucose is

(A) C – 1 carbon (B) C – 2 carbon
(C) C – 5 carbon (D) C – 6 carbon

15. Denaturation of protein leads to loss of its biological activity by

(A) Formation of amino acids
(B) Loss of primary structure
(C) Loss of both primary and secondary structure
(D) Loss of both secondary and tertiary structures

16. Assertion: Glycine is not optically active.

Reason: There is no asymmetrical carbon in glycine to make it chiral.
(A) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for
assertion.
(B) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation
for assertion.
(C) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(D) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

17. Assertion: Amino acids in a protein remain intact even when it is denatured.
Reason: The primary structure of protein is broken to give individual amino acids on
denaturation.
(A) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for
assertion.
(B) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation
for assertion.
(C) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(D) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
18. Assertion: Despite having aldehyde group, aldehyde does not show schiff’s test.
Reason: The aldehyde group in glucose is used to from the ring structure of glucose.
(A) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for
assertion.
(B) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation
for assertion.
(C) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(D) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

19. Assertion: Non-essential amino acids are not necessary for protein synthesis.
Reason: Non-essential amino acids are produced in the human body.
(A) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for
assertion.
(B) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation
for assertion.
(C) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(D) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

20. Assertion: The bond between adenine and thymine is stronger than the bond between
Cytosine and guanine.
Reason: Cytosine and guanine have a triple hydrogen bond while adenine and thymine
have a double hydrogen bond.
(A) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for
assertion.
(B) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation
for assertion.
(C) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(D) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

21. Give a test shown by open chain form of glucose but not cyclic form of glucose.

22. Which disaccharide yields same monosaccharides on hydrolysis.

23. What are oligosaccharides?

24. Define carbohydrates.

25. Defne optical isomerism.

26. What is Glyceraldehyde? Draw the structures of D – and L – Glyceraldehyde.

27. What is fructose? Give one preparation method for fructose.

28. How is Gluconic acid prepared and give its structure.

29. Draw the open chain form of Glucose and show how cyclic structure is formed from it.
Give the structures for α and β forms of Fructose.

30. Give the reaction that shows:

(a) that glucose has primary alcohol in it.
(b) that confirms carbonyl group present is an Aldehyde.
(c) the reaction that is not shown by open chain form of glucose.