Page No.
Date:
2Ac ipital ata mnuniantion)
Aata Rau Matuial
Dreaation
Data AeLd data zuazs tokactLonuhintutio
prtented An Any eun agecd bon haih'u-
ceatin_and iuinh data: Lontext_ at
lerniAystindata au ptuutdhy Rinay
Binau
m
orm
0
ata lomralunitatiun i
A to cuukang of data brtuten thuro desite
a omu oum tioumision Medium AuLh as
ata ommmicaticn interatdin 3ac
tankey o_data
Mith
rtentation o dala
bnuimieus Of D debends in 3knolamental
chaiacherxt
2eliy Tnelinu
Acuay
M
ata Lom yutum
Po tot
Protzo
teoliuaH
Audu ecduL
9oge Ne
Date:
MeAAage Tú Ahe intoun_(das) o h Communicat
hat" Can be to, mimbupich deund
|uideo cde
ndei_dae which dends data m Casb
be_Commbuutu,den Cameua e
Recaiuuia ia_deutcethat r e u h m44-
CanCa hCnputlphoo4, TV dt.
Mediun' åphyslcalybath by hich_a_mNg
ai abl Loanial_Cabletc
Protol
H art auulu hat gouein_ Data lonatmicalion_
bcent an agteemnt bhuh Comm dewia
itheu prstiot2 dwicen May 2e Comnrctod
but not Lommuicaüg-
ASCIT hd niod
6 hit 32bit
32 hit
ata Plow
Odimp
HayDuplez
Dublez
ate:
otth Rout
Hub Modurn
AsCT UND CODE
AAClhauactu toindisg A rnulimg dndunAtaudand
dtusdadkax lethaule onaistunt_entnding
Coanlcaüon tntationhandimg_o tt
Lsdin Mast dd'
AUlimgSyrt
nd Ameita Atanddlor lniunal
LAtundaudLace Cataztiu Let
mpaemation ntulhange
Aukhatn 124thaiattrza subhott4 HdHang -
hauacteri:
hasact dehending on_intadirg yh
Rein lu ahac Reguin Move Shee
LUitods ad AscN_autu Mot pabsula charasthu
entealingstandasdhat Hy huimg UtdL
al tuwetd
icod u mivenal haiactu. thtoding lyd to
oceuAtr Ond aciliati dhe iztchauge ext
Akguage hile Acn i wued for
Aubrcntntie a t guth Amhal, lutrs
diait etc hComputerA
AL hu dui dimilau but thera 2 a
diaena betuen h way hoL tuy hardle u dat
|7uge Mo
2ate:
Hub The pupu hub doConniet aly
you NhuD deulces togethu on d
ntnalonedwo
a a dwicethat ha Multibl bo that
ateht Hhne_Comnerions om Néhedoicus
Coronetioy
Hub lonuidezd notto h intzlhunt bevaus t
does not Htu hLy data_ ha ànyJhteugs
ohere _data li duphased 1aunt
And thatá becaunt onl hing a hub kam
when a dwie Commetid to_en i
do when o data_hackst auius_at cr h
posts t à cokie toall stthoub
d aiN h deuice m hat hub sea tat dataL
backe
sa againa data haket Cmu nb oe pouttaa
h hab uLliut elaumnt _scbnad tost_
hat_data toeviyfod dttat hau o duice
Cen hi Comuti hau tnly lwantrdb
Comanunicat uith tau _Lonputuu hue au u
hevaComutrsunld_ atll zecei thdata
eistn thaugh_ that daa was not knalaso
outhn thu haAhna it paat emly Aat
ALitytrmcund t i t ala kleati hncust
uellicOn uk hich atu handukdu
Date.
Sitch Nou a duoitch_ yjimllas zo ahub
TE_alhn a_duice hat ha Multzh hart
hat_aerph thmt CPmneions om
deuis+
Rut nlikr ahub Loitch Jhtellizeut A_
uoitetan_actually_lean . phyaial_ aoldrtis.
haduicu ce itaL Conneetel_ t_ana
stari hu phyaical addreses lalled_
IMAC addrues- tobus
w h n a data þacket_i ant ae Suitrh-
Aa any divectedt
ointnded duinatin ot-
undLk a_huh Ohcae a_hub uullL_ kehoad
Cat daa
Derta drees eny to
tudedor
Date:
Solteh
PE
Mo AAn
KD a_ an xanupl ittui lomput hu wnutul
Lommunitatwih thu_Lemputn hu
data_bikstauiy at hl swith thun
ith iu Look_it Tab aMA
Addetuu And Mathinp- pout and deli -
data to t Comet_atud tuniu data
packut luould on hat Laheilu
DAnthati tMaa diuue btursa a hh
ahd aditeh h a a uult ualtchuau
a A moe brexed ne hubs becau tuyAdue
Any Uhnecu p a e _ oo h nehMd
Hub Asith.
Onty Cletruta that 2 tth Lan duted
a dushce ecipi duice that au
hattallyComnetzd lonmestd to ithsau
Ekupa lod MAC
addttu hose duice
ad dLwitchA a e d tn
te. T
euhang dala
ustthui a local Arca Nchuse
h y ar mat uied to cathonge. dalaowsld
thu
Becau Zo xhangeorAout Aataoutid his
On mennzk_icha aul on_tih intunt
a_duuice
addeuw Anal_Huki and duoitche dost_uead hu DL
addreu dothatá _Loheu h e r t u lomu ib
Rotuz Nouw a LoLtudoutzactlyohat h
na inpliu. ALoutri aduice. a t atu
osad_data kom eam Mehun2k To anoth
baie on thuu 29 addres
shen adata pack i LucuedLem dhuHouter
th outer kuherti data h 2DP addruand
drkebonimu barkat waMeant
Nehuk_ox i it Meant ox anatls_mtuoyek
h Hatu dkminu hat zu data
Ahckt à Meantr d Nchuop dind it-
to Anethu nezmk So a intu
ntially- th gatuway a pehonafe.
anal
anetu
Rocta
ege No
Thatr:
b hese Cu have. a suvril mhovk wilh d
eulu and Auill Puela othu ucad utun
dicat.yu ved 'Coloc bn Umbutea
And vt hene you Ove geing d hav difuust
dat ock ndicat L Haiu diun eoler-
obith hodh clietu tP_ adtauhd tikyau
ereing ed gnatumk aute
10m_du muhunzs:.
Now u Houta iOmly
dala backbbecaun l a u ony 0nu
hat o intndee H methumk ao all
Thsthu data _hackut wilU jztd
bahuAaa_Betau uy banu mot Vintendsd
beca IK i adldntauhtu
mt meant HuiNdw
Hub Awitthu ae lued o cat Nturse
9Roze4 ar wd o LomnestNhasa
Modem A Nodun Mocdulatu and demodulatu
elechitcal aignaldut humgh ka plhe linu
ihimg Ln thu weds
digital Inetmation om youu lomputr intn
ahaleg igaal at_lan taanimit V e
i andt Can Danslat numung
Lanalag ignalu_back ihto digitaldaty
nt
Awili Moden a ingle devc thal Ombinu
wndli naliy. Modunnd a auder
Makig a n lopAhop Indund
pmnecüul
AA i'Mcdem a aimgle mbtnad dusie thad
tanulatLntumt odata acktu ia t
Modem dund it n g Loirele o dwicu
hema btá tu u t -
8 »kunst 4 thent?
htanit i awide arta onctrurk_AN
Lohile du ethant alncal arsa mchurrlAN).
AaLewiredethunt lahl Comneition uMoe
de and stakl han _lot
deute
Alhinating_dudte Ae) _oLurA hen t elutic
Centberiadically imverti iu liaectin
DCaLer i uigiitaty Mort eht dndthan
AC hoerDc VMetor 4albliand
higlhi rauny awe dize Chalaust
uge No
tmeil ok a Corrmurita lim iyalns 3
Tes maltien
Thet anmittH-
oue handu
Sound n
pichu dprrth tdical Noise
afatactet- m Prpmion- Otp
oudgina- hawdud
Bloc Diagsanga omnhnicationdyuliA
nation saue
Shot an staytiat untin inlaunalin
40uLA ta prduesJeuirte Neage
Trut
TAuducai2
uduu a deulce that_tonuuti m etm
neq mto ath
aniduiei uud fo Lonuut non electic signal
inkut)into electital ignal
Toaueyt.
Voice.
Shcaku
Text amua
xomplai4 Radio- boad tauting Micopkoue
3hdumithu AD lenvodlen
Modulation
Entoelin
|he tianmi th aa delica which Cmuub h
|signalban.duudy a deuc inta tku fem hod u
aitahl o tuanjnlasin L a hannul ar Ndi um-
TayeNo
Date:
Chanmel Medtun througs whlch aiznalPaseu_a
tianaermd
Channel cleau inpaimutt. Lik mai distautimL
atonuaban udth tu halp o l - _amblifkers
( d deda that amplitiufhainalAregu
Noi4e nuoanteedlgnalelaichdegaadsd
anumi tted dinal
(6) Recisei Recerershould hi abl to heco om
disnution _attenuation a atkhuatid alqial
AecizecLi deufce that Aecziu t diguat
eehi.ca ighaL) hackto itaginalJau Lugs
DL d cakick ndorstasdasl _auhanjat
th eletinatiom TV:
Outit aaniducc doudseaka
LeN Detinatíoz-
Topologu a Topolegy a nutundk_a thu2c2tic
Aibre ntatien alatlonkip e_all t linp 44
Limkimg dlecu 2alled ndu D a Anathu
Bu St RI Hyhrd
Mu 1opology 2 uy deuiceha a dedicats4
to int- u Ath derite edicatrs
Means h lin Cauiu tialieonly t
1ryge W
fun devict il lonnected
(n-1)nod
TI w o in
duplex Modt (Haly
xhall duple)
We needn/n-) modu dupler Modu kink:
Advantagu
Rohutia4 dalely timely data_uill b rankrnd
lmirnat bai blez
Reliabl
Diaadvantaq i Coatly_MsL_na m0du4rt
alobology BrocdtasJt
HUB or SWttl uicast
w w3
deuie ha a dditatnd beint to peunt link
Dnly a_lanbalid retraller nom a Huh
asitlyLicatin Amadcati
Huhs or Lithy- Looks am Phyicaldayer
Achanttags les loat
Cay to installar Corntguxt
Disad ORobutnas
ntalizudduatim nst uku
then alL athu ned ll etnd
upe Wo
TI
Date
B lopoleqy
w o3
Dxaplui-oLC
Pn BuDholoquAlodu au_Lenneclzd th hu
b Tap dmpluu P
Puoblun a rnectoy uning to denes Man
lab : àala _a_lomnettor Zhat üthu shlicu inh-
Main
Main Cah, hAat aLonccion_th_ltallic_a LOT:_
Ady0 Lea labluio
obwtnus-
Addimg_ nun Aledu au Lay-
Dihad Reuautan i dipult [2ik Madls_au diptuulY
ERinlobolo
donnrctiona (lockuui
or Antillaekueti
Advantag. i leu ast
l i n Hih sheed LAAL
D&AH lnidincticnal
e
e ehla
Dtacomet lion)
oST opan dylun.
(DPhyaical kayer
aa lmp kayer
Nctwak dayer
Taupaut laye
( Aion laype
(6)_Praataticn las
CALizatou ay
hyre
Bandsidlh delinal a u poetion dedolynur
clednle
Apecum OCtuthil hy'a MLgnal unut
ubher lower {regueney luns
dit h
dighal L1ginal } Mulcdtgnal
hdwidth
B tL
Vale Ane waw l0,)_
u t
7imu
Analeg
Fom
Modulating lauelair dignal Modulati1g
Aiqnal
Bauband dighal laue dgruu
LPeiodt aliánat
Modulat dgnaM-
Medulation
T a process oR Convutimg dala into
taduwavu
adding irfadmati.m o andedrenie aL
_&htica Gui Siqnal
Human Nolessheech) aiqnal upta 3kHzLos freue)
TLcuaut ta trauunit tui sigual to ka distaua
thnut hau don lhallengu
AAAA Audiblspcetum
Zo Ha to 2kHz_
Bahand dignal
But uith tu Hetp sp High igjusn bulodic agnal
w an hanmit thu hasehanddthhal
ts au
non a lauirdignal
19 Hoo to imbo dhi Mewaqu Cauier akgnal2
An hle a halin 3 baste opetie ko
lmbaiing Muuage laLsier ighal
Arnbletued 3 )Pho
si dla i Aauiir dalaueà h lomtinuou
elecoMagnetie sadíation omtant Mazlulatien arnpléoa
and ipucnu that i tLen6L1 a tanmittrs
SLuch avole
Caui diqnali t i a wahern
hat i Madulatd
moditdN Lalth _An inlematioibraimgdignal
dgnal
upou at Cenuuurg_intoma ion
MduCation i dlurad a 04
Caue Can
n (ov) CoAnu)
C() A . a fwrt +0)
NeedNeed o Modulatuon
Aru O To eduu h
wauelonqth Az(9lcy
C 3Xlom tob banmil4
lo hedu tiinteeua
Not Modulatd
ased hueugh igle pqunty-
3)lo allon Multipyin a th dgial
N (QDnpn Autaly_aRecueaen
Dcrfau n Kange
Rang o Comnlu Calin
Modlati on
Analog Mod_ Digital Vods
L
Dte
Aoglog Maolulalion
Cbntinuo wau VuueMpd_
Cassier Ala-
(PAMPWM) fPM pcy
Pulu Pul Pula Pulu
Nmutud Wlat oUutiontod
fNPM Mod-
Ttod
AmkHud Nadulatian
Aablitudus mplitud. a LZLà duhuight o aat
bdth
AN- In_AM u lauiu_ua i Vasitd in
puobotion th hat a mocdulatinggnal heing_
ahumitted
