FUNCTIONS IN

THE REAL
WORLD

Mervin G. Araja
Gen. Mathematics
 • recall the concepts of
Lesson relations and functions;
Objectives • define and explain
functional relationship as a
mathematical model of
situation; and
• represent real-life
situations using functions,
including piece-wise
function.
 Two Relations
variables are
related • One-to-one

• Many-to-one

• One-to-many

• Many-to-many
Student’s name
corresponds to LRN One-to-one

A relation A→B is said to

be One-to-one if no two
elements in A have the
same image in B
When commuting,
the distance travelled is
Many-to-one
related to the cost of fare
A relation A→B is said to
be Many-to-one if there is
at least two elements in
A which have the same
image in B
In every the family,
mother is related to her
One-to-many
children
A relation A→B is said
to be One-to-many if an
element of A is related
to two or more
elements of B
In school,
students are related to
Many-to-many
their subject teachers
A relation A→B is said
to be Many-to-many if
multiple elements in A
are related to two or
more elements in B
 FUNCTION

A relation or rule of
correspondence between
One-to-one and
two sets such that each Many-to-one are
element in the domain
corresponds to exactly one
functions.
element in the range.
Example:
Tell whether the situation is a
function or NOT. FUNCTION
1. Given the following ordered pairs:
1→2
(1,2) , (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5) 2→3
3→4
4→5
Example:
Tell whether the situation is a
function or NOT.
FUNCTION
2. Given an arrow diagram.

a many-to-one
x
b
y b,c were map to y
c
Example:
Vertical Line Test
Tell whether the situation is a A graph of a relation
function or NOT. is a function if any
vertical line drawn
4. Given the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 2
passing the graph
intersects it at
exactly one point.

FUNCTION
Example:
Vertical Line Test
Tell whether the situation is a A graph of a relation
function or NOT. is a function if any
vertical line drawn
5. Given the graph of 𝑥 + 2𝑦 2 = 3
passing the graph
intersects it at
exactly one point.

NOT FUNCTION
 FUNCTION MACHINE

Input y = 2x + 3
(x)
if x = 2 then y = ?
Function or x→ y
Rule
Output (y) 2→7

The important aspect of a function is that there

is a unique output for each possible input.
f2 
(yxx(x:=x,→
=yx)−2(=
)2→ ,xy−x2−)5x−y5−5=52 x − 5
x5x2 

FUNCTION NOTATIONS
 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
1 2 3

Types of Function Example Graphs

Constant y=4 Horizontal line

Function
f (x) = 4
 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
1 2 3

Types of Function Example Graphs

Identity y= x
Function Identity

f (x) = x Function
 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
1 2

Types of Function
General Equation

Polynomial y = a0 + a1 x + a 2 x + ... + a n x
2 n

Function
• Linear Function y = 2x + 3
• Quadratic Function
• Cubic Function
( )
f x = 4x − 4x + 1
2

y = x 3 − 3 x 2 + 11
 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
1 2

Types of Function
General Equation

Rational P(x)
R( x ) = , Q( x )  0
Function Q( x )
• Ratio of two polynomial
function. x + 5x − 6
2
y=
2x + 3
 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
1 2 3

Types of Function Example Graphs

Absolute Value y = x −1 − 2 Absolute Value

Function Function
 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
1 2

Types of Function
Example

Exponential
Function
y=2 +3
x

• The variable x serves

f (x) = 3
as an exponent 5− x
−7
 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
1 2 3

Types of Function General Idea Graphs

Greatest Integer f x = 𝑥 =𝑛
Function Greatest Integer
Function
The Greatest Integer Function
is also known as the Floor
Where 𝑛 ≤ 𝑥 < 𝑛 + 1
Function. It is written as 𝑛∈ℤ
f(x)=⌊x⌋. The value of ⌊x⌋ is the
largest integer that is less than
or equal to x.
 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
1 2 3

Types of Function Example Graphs

Piece-wise  2 x + 1, if x  −2
f (x) =  2
Function x , if x  −2

Function which is defined by multiple sub-

functions, each sub-function applying to a
certain interval of the main function’s
domain (a sub-domain).
 Summary
A Function is a relation or rule of
correspondence between two sets
such that each element in the
domain corresponds to exactly
one element in the range.

For every x in the domain there is

exactly one y in the range.