3.1.

Introduction to Bluebook
Since the Bluebook guide is very vast, we have restricted the scope of this module to only the
most common materials that are cited by students. Unless you and/or your institution are
already subscribed to the Bluebook site, this official website offers a 3-day free trial for
viewing the 21st Edition fully; thereafter, a $39 subscription has to be paid annually for full
access.

Over the course of upcoming topics in this Module, we will explore the Bluebook by
categorising its citation styles and formats under 3 broad heads: Primary Sources, Secondary
Sources and Signals/Quotations/Typeface, etc.

Did You Know?

You have already understood the method of providing citations via footnotes. The shortcut
for footnoting a text is Ctrl+Alt+F (Cmd+Alt+F for MacBook users).
Let us understand an important aspect of placement of footnote numbers in the main body of
the text.
Footnote number always comes after a punctuation mark – comma, semicolon, or period. The
exception to this rule is two punctuation marks, i.e., a dash or a colon.
Therefore, footnote numbers will always precede dashes and colons.
Our main focus is on the White pages of Bluebook because the style prescribed under White
pages is used primarily in academic settings, such as for law reviews, journals, and other
legal academic journal publications.

We also use White pages format for citation purposes of moot court memorials.
3.2. Primary Sources
Cases
Let us understand the general citation formats for citing cases from India, United Kingdom
and the United States. After the video, we will understand the specific rules provided by
Bluebook, 21st Edition for citing case laws.

Foreign Jurisdictions
Bluebook provides specific citation formats for 44 foreign jurisdictions including India. This
has been provided under Table 2 of the Whitepages. You can access this table without
subscribing to the Bluebook, as this is available for free access.
Table 2.18 of Whitepages provides for certain citation formats that should be followed while
citing Indian sources.
Points to Note while Citing Case Laws:
 Using short-forms for case names:
Bluebook allows us to use short names for the cases that have been already cited in your
work. Usually, one party’s name or a readily identifiable shorter form of one party is
permissible for using as the short-form of the case. However, this is only done if the reference
is ambiguous.

This short-form used for referring to case laws must be italicised.

Example:

Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579, 585 (1952).

becomes
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co., 343 U.S. at 585.
OR

Youngstown, 343 U.S. at 585.

However, the short-forms should be used only if the full-form of the shortened name has
either been used in the same footnote or it has been mentioned in full (or referred to by
using Id) in the preceding five footnotes.
If one of the parties to a case is the state (Eg. Minnesota, India, etc), then the shortened case
name should not be shortened with respect to the state’s name.

Example:

United States (The United States Case) v. McMohan Brothers, 12 U.S. 123, 125 (1989).
must not be shortened to
The United States, 12 U.S. at 128.

If you want to identify the case by any other short-form, make sure that this is mentioned in
the original case citation as well.

Example:

Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (The Steel Seizure Case), 343 U.S. 579, 585
(1952).
becomes

The Steel Seizure Case, 343 U.S. 579.

 Multiple parties’ names:
All parties other than the first one listed on each side are omitted, and any word that indicates
multiple parties is also omitted.

Example:
Cheng and Broad v. Seinfeld
will not become
Cheng et al. v. Seinfeld
 Phrases like “in the matter of”, “petition of” and similar expressions are abbreviated to “In
re”. Example: In re Will of Holt.

 Apart from the widely known acronyms, the following words are abbreviated in the main text
and footnotes:
& – and

Co. – company

Ltd. – limited

Ass’n – association

Corp. – corporation

No. – number

Bros. – brothers

Inc. – incorporated

However, these 8 words will not be used in the abbreviated form if they begin a party’s name.

 “The” is omitted when it is the first word of a party’s name – except when it is a part of the
name of the object of an in rem action, or in cases where “The King” or “The Queen” is a
party.

Example:

Miami Herald v. Sercus [not The Miami Herald]

In re The Clinton Bridge
The King v. Broadrup

 Phrases like “City of”, “County of”, “Village of”, “Township of” are omitted unless the
expression begins with a party name.

Example:
Mayor of New York v. Clinton [not Mayor of the City of New York v. Clinton]
Chandler v. City of New York [not Chandler v. New York]

 When the case cited is not the single, clear holding of a majority of the court (i.e., dictum,
dissenting opinion, etc.), indicate that within parenthesis:
Example:

Garcia v. San Antonio metro. Transit Auth., 469 U.S. 528, 570 (1985) (5-4 decision) (Powell,
J., dissenting).
NOTE: Method of citing cases under international law have been mentioned below
Statutes
Under this head, we will understand the citation rules provided by Bluebook for citing statues
from the U.S.A. the U.K., and India. Apart from Indian statutes, we will also have a look at
citation formats for Indian rules, circulars, directions, and guidelines.

The U.S. Statutes

For statutes currently in force, they are cited as per the current official code or its supplement.
The format for citing them is as follows:

Template:

Title number | Abbreviation of code cited | § | section number.

Example:

42 U.S.C. § 1983.
National Environment Policy Act of 1969 § 102, 42 U.S.C. § 4332.
United States Code (U.S.C.) is the official federal code for the United States, and it should be
cited if available. However, if it is not available, we can cite unofficial federal codes which
include the United States Code Annotated (U.S.C.A.) and the United States Code Service
(U.S.C.S.).

Unlike the 20th edition, the year of the federal code need not be mentioned, whether official
or unofficial.

Indian Statutes

A government publication is preferred over other sources. The Gazette of India, published by
the Government of India, must be the primary source of citation for central legislation. Each
state has its own separate gazette for state legislation.

The general format for citing Indian legislations is as follows:

Template:

Act/ordinance name, | year of act/ordinance, | § | section number | (if ordinance, date of

ordinance) | (country abbreviation if not evident from context).

Example:

The Consumer Protection Act, 2019, §6(2)(a).

The National Food Security Ordinance, 2013, §3 (July 5, 2013)(India).
Did You Know?

For Indian legislations, there is no space between § and the section number. However, for US
legislations, there is a space between § and the section number.
You will also come to notice soon that even UK legislations have a space between § and the
section number when cited.
Indian Rules

Template:

Rule/regulation name, | year of rule/regulation, | Rule/Reg. | rule/regulation number | (country

abbreviation if not evident from context).

Example:

Income Tax Rules, 1962, Rule 5.

SEBI (Mutual Funds) Regulations, 1996, Reg. 3.
Indian Circulars, Directions, and Guidelines

Template:
Name of issuing authority, | circular/direction/guideline name, |
circulation/direction/guideline number, if available | (Issued on | (country abbreviation if not
evident from context).

Example:

Securities and Exchange Board of India, Master Circular for Depositories,

SEBI/HO/MRD/DP/CIR/P/118 (Issued on October 25, 2019).
Reserve Bank of India, Guidelines for Licensing of “Payments Banks,” (Issued on November
27, 2014).
U.K. Statute

Template:

Statute short title, where available | year(s), | regnal year(s) for statutes enacted prior to 1963 |
c. | chapter number(s), | §(§) | section number(s), | sch(s). | schedule(s), if any | (jurisdiction
abbreviation if not evident from context).

Example:

Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1925, 15 & 16 Geo. 5 c. 49, § 226, sch. 6 (Eng.).
For statutes enacted after 1963, we can omit the regnal year. For example: Climate Change
Act 2008, c. 27 (UK).
U.K. Regulations

Template:

Regulation name | year of enactment, | publication abbreviation | instrument number, | art. |

article number, | ¶ | paragraph number | (jurisdiction abbreviation if not evident from context).

Example:
The Certification of Enforcement Agents Regulations 2014, SI 2014/421, art. 3, ¶ 3 (Eng.).
Bills
Under this head, we will understand the citation rules provided by Bluebook for citing bills
from the U.S.A. the U.K., and India.

U.S. Bills

For U.S. Bills, Bluebook provides for two different formats, for Federal Bills and State Bill.

Federal Bills Template:

Name of the bill (if relevant), | abbreviated name of the house | number of the bill, | number
of the Congress | section (if any) | (year of publication).

Example:

Privacy Protection Act of 1998, H.R. 3224, 105th Cong. § 2(a) (1998).
H.R. 119, 54th Cong. (1st Sess. 1896).

State Bills Template:

Name of the legislative body | number of the bill, | number of the legislative body (or, if not
numbered, year of the body), | number or designation of the legislative session. (abbreviated
name of the state | year of publication)

Example:

H.R. 124, 179th Leg., 1st Spec. Sess. (Pa. 1995).

Indian Bills

Template:

Bill name, | year of bill, | bill no. | bill number | of | year of bill, | § | section number | (date of
the bill) | (country abbreviation if not evident from context).
Example:

The Right to Information (Amendment) Bill, 2013, Bill No. 112 of 2013, §3 (August 5,
2013).

U.K. Bills

Template:

Bill name | session year, | abbreviation of applicable House of Parliament | Bill | [bill number]
| cl. | clause number | (jurisdiction abbreviation if not evident from context).

Example:

Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill 2004-5, HL Bill [17] cl. 2 (Gr. Brit.).
Criminal Justice (Justifiable Conduct) Bill 2004-5, HC Bill [36] cl. 2 (Eng.).
Constitution

U.S. Constitution

Template:

U.S. CONST. | amend. | number of amendment cited | § | section number.

Examples:

U.S. CONST. amend. XIV, § 2.

U.S. CONST. art. I, § 9, cl. 2.
U.S. CONST. pmbl.

Indian Constitution
Template:

India Const. | art. | article number, | cl. | clause number.

Example:

India Const. art. 19, cl. 1(a).

India Const. art. 269, amended by The Constitution (Eightieth Amendment) Act, 2000.
Did You Know?

You must have noticed that Bluebook does not provide the method for citing U.K.
Constitution. This is because U.K. does not have a codified constitution. U.K.'s
constitutional law is mainly derived from the statutes, landmark judgments, as well as many
unwritten conventions which evolved over the years.
International Law Cases
Apart from providing specific citation styles for judgments given by the various international
courts, Bluebook also prescribes the following standard citation format for citing
international law cases:

Standard Template

Name of the case | case number | reporter, if any | nature of decision [judgment, provisional
measures, award, etc.] | paragraph numbers (if unavailable, use page numbers instead) |
(Court [if unclear from the citation], Year) | URL.
International Court of Justice (I.C.J.)

For statutes currently in force, they are cited as per the current official code or its supplement.
The format for citing them is as follows:

Template:

Case name | (Parties’ abbreviated names), | nature of decision [preliminary objection,

provisional measure, advisory opinion, judgment etc.], | volume and name of the publication |
page or case number, | ¶ | paragraph number | (date – Month and Day).

Example:

Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua (Nicar. v. U.S.), Judgment,
1986 I.C.J. Rep. 14, ¶ 190 (June 27).
Reservations to Convention on Prevention and Punishment of Crime of Genocide, Advisory
Opinion, 1951 I.C.J. Rep. 15 (May 28).
Note

One might wonder, why the names of parties were not listed in the second example. The
reason is simple- names of parties are not mentioned in Advisory Opinions of I.C.J.
Example:
Interpretation of Peace Treaties with Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania, Advisory Opinion,
1950 I.C.J. 65 (Mar. 30).
While mentioning the name of the case, we omit the words ‘the’ and ‘case’ under Bluebook.

Example:
Continental Shelf

[not The Continental Shelf Case; Case concerning the Continental Shelf; Continental Shelf
Case]
Court of Justice of the European Union (E.C.J.)

For cases lodged before the ECJ since 1989, the case number will be prefixed by “C”; older
cases do not have any such prefix. For cases in the General Court, the prefix “T” will be used
and “F” for the Civil Service Tribunal.

Where the Commission, Council or the EU Parliament is one of the parties, the names
“Commission”, “Council”, or “Parliament” are used respectively.

Example:
Case T-198/98, Micro Leader Bus. v. Comm’n, 1999 E.C.R. II-3989.
Case 58/69, Elz v. Comm’n, 1970 E.C.R. 507. [Prefix ‘C’ not used because it is before
1989]

The E.C.R. was discontinued after 2011. From 2012 onwards, you have to use the European
Case-law Identifier (ECLI) to cite EU court cases. For online sources of pre-2012 cases, cite
to Curia, the official website of the ECJ.

Examples of cases post-2012:

Case C-434/16, Peter Nowak v. Data Prot. Comm’r, ECLI:EU:C:2014:994, ¶¶54-55 (Dec.
20, 2017).
United Nations Sources
Bluebook does not provide templates to cite U.N. Sources. However, we can understand the
citation formats through various examples illustrated by the Bluebook.

General Assembly Resolutions

Examples:

G.A. Res. 832 (IX), at 19 (Oct. 21, 1954).

G.A. Res. 47/163, ¶ 5 (Dec. 18, 1992).
G.A. Res. 217 (III) A, Universal Declation of Human Rights (Dec. 10, 1948).

Security Council Resolutions

Example:

S.C. Res. 508, ¶ 3 (June 5, 1982).

U.N. Reports

Example:
Comm. On the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, Rep. of the Legal Subcomm. on its Fifty-Third
Session, U.N. Doc. A/AC.105/1067
(2014), https://www.unoosa.org/pdf/gadocs/A_69_20E.pdf.

Press Releases and Memoranda

Example:

Press Release, Security Council, Security Council Takes Up Report on Diamonds, Arms in
Sierra Leone; Expert Panel Says Council Sanctions Broken ‘with Impunity,’ U.N. Press
Release SC/6997 (Jan. 25, 2001).

The U.N. Charter

Example:

U.N. Charter art. 43, ¶ 1.

3.3. Secondary Sources

Non-periodic Materials
Periodical Materials
This is for journals, magazines, newspapers and the like. Since all the non-periodical
materials cannot be cited together, therefore we do not have a general template. Therefore,
we shall go material by material.

However, remember to always check if the print version of the material exists before citing
it. This is because Bluebook prefers citing the print version instead of the online version. If
the material is only available online, then the online version can also be cited.
Consecutively Paginated & Non-Consecutively Paginated.

Let us understand this with an example of a journal.

Consecutively paginated – A journal may be published in various issues under one volume.
If every subsequent issue is paginated in continuation with the preceding issue, then it is
considered as a consecutively paginated journal.
Example: Issue 1 of a Journal is page numbered from 1 to 100, and Issue 2 begins with page
number 101.
Non-consecutively paginated – If every issue of a journal begins with page 1, irrespective of
that issue’s placement in the volume of the journal, then it will be considered as a non-
consecutively paginated journal.
Example: Issue 1 of a Journal is page numbered from 1 to 100, and Issue 2 begins with page
number 1.
Journal/Magazine Articles

Consecutively Paginated Periodicals:

Template:

Author’s name, | Title of the Article, | Volume number | Abbreviated Journal’s/magazine’s

name | first page of the article, | Specific page cited | (Year).

Example:

Edward B. Rock, The Logic and (Uncertain) Significance of Institutional Shareholder

Activism, 79 Geo. L.J. 445, 445 (1991).

If the periodical has no volume number but is still consecutively paginated throughout each
volume, use the year of publication as the volume number and omit the parenthetical
reference to the year.

Example:
Thomas R. McCroy & Barry Friedman, Conditional Spending: Federalism’s Trojan Horse,
1988 Sup. C. Rev. 85, 99.

Non-Consecutively Paginated Periodicals:

Template:

Author, | Title in italics, | PERIODICAL NAME IN ABBREVIATION | date of the issue [if not
available, write the issue number], | at | first page of the work, | specific page cited.
Examples:

Barbara Ward, Progress for a Small Planet, HARV. BUS. REV., Sept.-Oct. 1979, at 89, 90.
Damages for a Deadly Cloud: The Bhopal Gas Tragedy Will Cost Union Carbide $479
Million, TIME, Feb. 27, 1989, at 53.
Did You Know?

There is a separate section in Bluebook which deals with special kinds of periodic materials,
such as student-written articles. While the general format remains the same, the kind of
material is cited in addition. You can find this additional information by visiting the journal’s
website and searching the heading under which the student’s publication is mentioned.
Note:

You may be wondering if you can find out whether it is a book or a journal article from only
the footnote itself. Here is a trick, if the word “in” is used in the footnote, it means that it is
not a journal – instead it is a collection of works or an edited book.
Example: Kay Deaux & Brenda Major, A Social-Psychological Model of
Gender, in THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL DIFFERENCE 89, 90 (Deborah L. Rhode
ed., 1990).

This example mentions the word ‘in’ in the citation, hence it is not a journal article, but an
article from a book.

On the other hand, if you see the letter “J” in Small Caps after the material’s title in the
citation, it means that it is a journal, because J is the abbreviation for Journal in Bluebook.
However, some journals like Harvard Law Review are cited without mentioning the word
“journal”. It is always a good idea to look for words like “Review” in case the letter J is not
there. This is not foolproof, so the safest way is to search for it to confirm!
Newspaper Articles
Points to Note:

 If the name of the newspaper does not clearly indicate the place of publication, it is written in
parentheses after the name of the newspaper.
Example:
Rina Chandran, With Fees and Laws, India Rushes to Save Vanishing
Groundwater, Reuters (Mumbai), Jan. 24, 2019.

 For online newspapers, if the time of posting is available, it is written in parentheses after the
newspaper. A URL may or may not be repeated after a full citation.
Example:

Ajmer Singh, Supreme Court forms committee to draft mediation, sends government, The
Economic Times (Jan. 29, 2020), https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-
nation/supreme-court-forms-committee-to-draft-mediation-law-will-send-to-government/
articleshow/73394043.cms (last visited Apr. 10, 2020).
Internet Sources
All efforts should be made to cite the most stable electronic version of the source. The URL
should be at the end of the citation and after a comma.
When no author is clearly announced, omit any author information from the citation unless an
institutional author is clearly indicated. If yes, then the institutional author is to be duly
abbreviated.

Example:

W.H.O., The World Health Report – Health Systems: Improving Performance, at 153
(2000), https://www.who.int/whr/2000/en/.

Points to Note:

 If the domain ownership is clear from the website’s title, you need not name the institutional
author.

Example:

Privacy Policy, Zoom, https://zoom.us/privacy (last updated Mar. 29, 2020).

  Titles should be taken from the title bar at the top of the browser or from any clear,
identifying headline on the page.

 If there is no date associate with the specific citation, “last updated” or “last modified” dates
should be written in parentheticals after the URL. Always use the latest date of
update/correction instead of the original online publication date.
Example:

Privacy Policy, Zoom, https://zoom.us/privacy (last updated Mar. 29, 2020).

 If the material is otherwise undated, the date “last visited on” should be mentioned in
parentheticals after the URL.
Example:

Aarogya Setu is now open source, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (May
26, 2020), https://static.mygov.in/rest/s3fspublic/mygov_159050700051307401.pdf (last
visited May 27, 2020).

 If the document is available in both HTML and a widely used format that retains pagination
and other elements of printed work (such as a PDF), always prefer the later.
3.4. Signals, Quotations and Miscellaneous
Signals

Signals are important because they indicate how a cited authority relates to the text. This
relation can be supportive, comparative, or contradictory. Signals can also inform a reader
what inferential degree exists between the text and cited source. A reader can thus determine
if a cited source supports or contradicts an author’s assertion and whether it is necessary to
take an inferential step between a cited source and the text simply by looking at the signal
used.

Remember the following in sequence:

A. Supporting Signals

No Signal

There is no need to use a signal when you are directly quoting an authority or when restating
numerical data from an authority. Merely providing the citation is sufficient in such a case.

E.g.

It is used when the cited authority states the proposition; other authorities also state the
proposition but citing them is not necessary.

See

When the cited authority clearly supports the proposition. ‘See’ is used instead of no signal
when the proposition is not directly stated by the cited authority but obviously follows from
it, essentially linking multiple branches of the same tree.

See also
When the cited authority has additional source material that supports the proposition. This is
generally used when authorities that directly support the proposition are already mentioned.

See generally

Cited authority presents helpful background material related to the main proposition.

B. Comparitive Signals

Compare __, [and]___, with ___, [and]___.

Comparison of the authorities cited will offer support for or illustrate the proposition. In this
context, “Compare” has to be used with “with”; the “with” preceded by a non-italicised
comma.

C. Contradictory Signals

Contra

When the cited authority directly states the contrary of the proposition and is used where [no
signal] is used for support.

Example:

A v B AIR 2000 SC 433; Contra X v Y AIR 2013 SC 322

But see

When the cited authority clearly supports a proposition contrary to the main proposition and
is used where “see” would be used for support.
Order of Signals

Contrary to Bluebook 20th edition, 21st edition has no strict rule for placement of signals in a
particular order. However, authorities should be ordered in a logical manner, with more
relevant sources preceding less relevant sources.

Internal Cross-Referencing Elements

Supra

When the material has already appeared within your work but does not immediately precede
the footnote where you have mentioned supra.

Example:

If certain cases were cited at footnote no. 22, and you want to cite them all again at footnote
no. 30, it’ll be as:

See cases cited supra note 22.

It usually consists of the last name of the original work’s author, followed by a comma and
the word supra. If it is an institutional author, use the full institutional name.

Infra

Same format as supra, but infra is used to refer to material that appears later in the piece.
Example:

If Part III.A. of your research paper deals with user consent, and you want to mention one
assertion from this portion in your introduction, you can use “infra Part III.A”.

Id.

For law review footnotes, use Id. when citing the immediately preceding authority within the
same footnote or within the immediately preceding footnote when the preceding footnote
contains only one authority. Make sure that you indicate where a subsequent citation differs
from the former, such as a specific page number.
The period after Id must be italicised.

Example:

1 Chalfin v. Specter, 233 A.2d 562, 562 (Pa. 1967).

2 Id. at 563.

hereinafter

If the authority is too long to be cited by its full form, or if the shortened form you choose
may confuse the reader, then we use hereinafter.

Example:

5 Chris S. Hyman et al., Interest Based Mediation of Medical Malpractice Lawsuits: A Road
to Improved Patient Safety, 35 J. Health Care L. & Policy 797 (2010) (hereinafter Hyman).

10 Hyman, at 812-13.
 Let us quickly understand two aspects of supra and hereinafter with the following video:

Quotations

For quotations of 50 or more words, the quotation should be indented on the left and right
without quotation marks, and quotation marks within such a block quotation should appear as
they do in the original.

Note that if you are quoting a sentence but not from its beginning, then the first letter of the
quoted text is capitalized but is written within square brackets.

Example:

The complete sentence originally-

“The court also discusses the related issue of whether Ms. Solomon knowingly and
voluntarily waived her right to a trial of her Title VII claims.”

In your work, you can write it as-

For understanding the certainty of the claim, the court further addressed the auxillary issue of
“[W]hether Ms. Solomon knowingly and voluntarily waived her right to a trial of her Title
VII claims”.

Italicisation

 The general rule is that non-English words that are not incorporated into common English
usage are italicised. However, here are some words which are not to be italicised:

i.e.

e.g.
 res judicata

quid pro quo

amicus curiae

certiorari

ab initio

obiter dictum

de jure

prima facie

mens rea

 Individual letters that represent hypothetical parties, places or things should be italicised and
capitalised.

Example:

A went to bank B in state X.

Things to look out for

 Italicise commas, semicolons, and other punctuation marks only when they constitute part of
the italicised material.
 Example:

See, e.g., id.; Sabine Towing & Transp. Co. v. Zapata Ugland Drilling, Inc., 553 F.2d 489
(5th Cir.).

[In this example, the comma after See and the periods between e.g. are italicised as they are a
part of the italicised material. On the other hand, the comma after e.g. is not italicised, as it is
separate from the element.]

 Page number(s) should be placed before the bracketed date and without any abbreviations
like “p.” or “pp.” – these are used only in internal cross-references.

Example:

ARTHUR E. SUTHERLAND, CONSTITUTIONALISM IN AMERICA 45 (1965).

 If the page number might be confused with any other detail in the citation, we are allowed to
mention the page number following the word ‘at’. However, remember that ‘at’ is not used
before a section (§) or a paragraph (¶). The following example of two footnotes will clarify
this rule.

Example:

BIOGRAPHICAL DIRECTORY OF THE GOVERNORS OF THE UNITED STATES 1978-1983, at 257

(Robert Sobel & John W. Raimo eds., 1983).

Id. § 7. [not Id. at § 7.]

 If an authority is organised by section (§) or paragraph (¶), cite them accordingly.

Example:

15 U.S.C. § 18 (1982).

6 JAMES WM. MOORE ET AL., MOORE’S FEDERAL PRACTICE ¶ 56.07 (3d ed. 1997).


 When citing multiple subsections within a single section, use only one section symbol.
However, use §§ if multiple subsections within different sections is cited.

Additionally, make sure to note that there should be a space between ¶/§ and the numeral for
US cases.

Example:

The Registration Act, 1908, No. 16 of 1908, §17(1)(a)-(c).

19 U.S.C. §§ 1485(a), 1486(b).