IGCSE Mathematics 0580

Chapter 8: Equation and inequalities

8.1 Solving linear equations (Coursebook p.125)
‘Linear’ refers to the fact that there are no powers of x other than ................... .
You can change this equation withut changing the solution (the value of x for which the equation is
true) provided you do the same to both sides at the same time.

Question 1-(0580-S 2018-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q4)

Question 2-(0580-S 2016-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q4)

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Question 3-(0580-S 2015-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q6)

Question 4-(0580-S 2015-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q13)

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8.2 Solving quadratic equations (Coursebook p.216-217,321-323)

1. Factorisation
We can write the quadratic equation as a product of factors having degree less than or equal to two.
This method of solving quadratic equations is called factoring the quadratic equation.

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Question 1- (0580-S 2014-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q12)

2.Completing the square

The method of re-writing the quadratic is called completing the square.
The completing the square method can only be used when the coefficient of x2 = ............. .
Use this method when the trinomial (expression with three terms) cannot be ................... .

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Question 1- (0580-S 2015-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q21)

3.Quadratic formula
We can solve quadratic equations using the quadratic formula.
If ax²+bx+c=0 ,where a,b and c are consnts and a≠0,then

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Key points

Question 1- (0580-S 2013-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q15)

Question 2-(0580-S 2012-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q15)

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Question 3-(0580-S 2017-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q21)

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Question 4-(0580-S 2015-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q14)

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8.3 Simultaneous linear equations (Coursebook p.303-310)

1. Solving by substitution
You can solve the equations by substitution when one of the equations can be solved for one of the
variables (i.e.solved for x or solved for y).
The solution is then substituted into the other equation so it can be solved.

Question 1- (0580-W 2016-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q11)

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Question 2-(0580-W 2020-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q10)

2.Solving by elimination
You can also solve the equations by eliminating (getting rid of)one of the variables by adding the
two equations together.

Question 1- (0580-W 2016-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q8)

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3.Solving simultaneous equations by graph

Solve the simultaneous equations y=2x-2 and y=x+1

y=2x-2
x 0 1 2
y

y=x+1
x 0 1 2
y

Answer:...................................

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8.4 Linear inequalities (Coursebook p.310-314)

1.Number line
If you draw a number line, you can use an arrow to represent the set of numbers

‘Open circle’:............................................................................................................................
‘Filling in the circle’: ................................................................................................................

2.Solving inequalities algebraically

 You can solve any linear inequality in much the same way as you would solve a linear equation.
 Most importantly, you should simply remember that what you do to one side of the inequality
you must do to the other.
 If you multiply or divide both sides of an inequality by a negative number then you must
......................... the direction of the inequality.

Question 1- (0580-W 2016-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q7)

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Question 2- (0580-S 2017-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q16)

Question 3- (0580-W 2019-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q9)

Question 4- (0580-W 2012-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q11)

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8.5 Regions in a plane (Coursebook p.314-319)

You can have two variables connected with an inequality, in which case you end up with a region on
the Cartesian plane.
1. If the equation of the line is in the form y = mx + c, then
 the inequality y > mx + c is ........................ the line.
 the inequality y < mx + c is ........................ the line.
 If the equation is not in the form y = mx + c, you have to find a way to check which region
represents which inequality.

2.Rules about boundaries and shading of regions

 When the inequality includes equal to ( ≤ or ≥), the boundary line must be included in the
graphical representation. It is therefore shown as a .............................

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 When the inequality does not include equal to (< or >), the boundary line is not included in the
graphical representation, so it is shown as a ............................ .

Question 1 - (0580-S 2012-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q14)

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Question 2 -(0580-S 2015-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q15)

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Question 3 - (0580-W 2016-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q21)

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Question 4 - (0580-W 2016-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q21)

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8.6 Linear Programming(Coursebook p.319-321)

When these constraints are expressed mathematically, they take the form of inequalities. When the
inequalities are linear (such as 3x + 2y < 6), the branch of mathematics you would use is called linear
programming

Question 1-(0580-S 2019-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q16)

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