Project Report for

“DBMS”

Submitted by:
Dibya Deep Acharya
TU Registration no: 7-2-22-184-2019

Submitted to:
Dhadi Ram Ghimire

Bachelor of Business Administration

Tribhuvan University
Patan Multiple Campus
Year: 2019

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Table of Contents
Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
Showing all the available databases in MySQL................................................................................3
SELECTing a database in MySQL......................................................................................................3
Showing all tables belonging to a Database....................................................................................3
DDL CREATE Command to create tables in MySQL..........................................................................4
DDL ALTER Command to Add CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY...............................................................4
DDL ALTER Command to Add, Delete and modify Column...............................................................4
DDL ALTER Command to SET DEFAULT VALUES...............................................................................5
MySQL CHECK CONSTRAINT...........................................................................................................5
Displaying the structure of Tables using DESC Commands...............................................................5
DML Command INSERT to INSERT data into tables..........................................................................5
Inserting multiple rows at the same time........................................................................................6
Selecting all the data from the table at once...................................................................................6
SELECT Query Example 1 (Supplier, parts, supplies)........................................................................7
SELECT Query Example 2 (Employee, Company, Works, Supervisor)..............................................10
Practical Examples of all the Sql syntax.……………………………………………………………………………….13

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 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to Mr. Dhadi Ram Ghimire for
allowing me to have this opportunity to finish such a wonderful project report
on Sql and I would like to thank him for his guidance on all the things he taught
me on Sql, Databases, Servers, and Database management system as a whole.
His suggestions and guidance have served a major role in finishing this project.
This research boarded my knowledge in the study of DBMS and has served as a
great tool in refining my Sql skills not just theoretically but practically as well.

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Showing all the available databases in MySQL

mysql> show databases;

SELECTing a database in MySQL

mysql> use bba;

Database changed

Showing all tables belonging to a Database

mysql> show tables;

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DDL CREATE Command to create tables in MySQL
Supplier (supplier-id , supplier-name, city)
Supplies (supplier-id, part-id, quantity)
Parts (part-id, par-name, color, weight)
mysql> create table supplier(sid int NOT NULL primary key,sname varchar(20),city
varchar(25));

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)

mysql> create table parts(pid int NOT NULL Primary key,pname varchar(20),color
varchar(10),wt int);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> create table supplies(pid int,sid int,quantity int);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)

DDL ALTER Command to Add CONSTRAINT FOREIGN KEY

mysql> alter table supplies add CONSTRAINT fk1 FOREIGN KEY(pid) references parts(pid)
ON DELETE CASCASE;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> alter table supplies add CONSTRAINT fk2 FOREIGN KEY(sid) references
supplier(sid) on DELETE CASCADE;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

DDL ALTER Command to Add, Delete and modify Column

mysql> alter table supplies add column date timestamp;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> alter table supplies rename column date to dop;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> alter table supplies drop column dop;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

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DDL ALTER Command to SET DEFAULT VALUES
mysql> alter table supplies alter column quantity SET DEFAULT 1;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

MySQL CHECK CONSTRAINT

mysql> alter table supplies add constraint ch CHECK(quantity>0);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.22 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

Displaying the structure of Tables using DESC Commands

DML Command INSERT to INSERT data into tables

mysql> INSERT into parts(pid, pname, color, wt) VALUES (1,"mouse","black",50);

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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> INSERT into parts(pid,pname,color,wt) VALUES (2,"joystick","black",100);

Query OK, 1 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

Inserting multiple rows at the same time

mysql> INSERT into parts(pid,pname,color,wt) VALUES (4,"HDMI","black",10),
(6,"keyboard","black",130);

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> INSERT into parts(pid,pname,color,wt) VALUES (5,"Monitor","black",10),

(7,"RAM","black",130);

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> INSERT into supplier(sid,sname,city) VALUES(2,"ABC","KTM"),(3,"Shree","LTP");

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.02 sec)

Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

Selecting all the data from the table at once

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SELECT Query Example 1 (Supplier, parts, supplies)

(a) Find the name of all suppliers located in city “KTM”.

SELECT sname FROM supplier WHERE city="KTM";

(b) Find the name of all parts supplied “ABC” company.

SELECT pname FROM supplies s JOIN parts p on(p.pid=s.pid)
JOIN supplier sp on
(sp.sid=s.sid) WHERE sp.sname="ABC";

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(c) Find the name of all parts that are supplied in quantity greater than 75.
SELECT DISTINCT(pname) FROM parts p, supplies s
WHERE p.pid=s.pid and s.quantity>75;

d) Find the number of parts supplied by “ABC Company”.

SELECT sname, nos FROM(SELECT s.sid,sp.sname,COUNT(p.pid) as nos
FROM supplies s JOIN parts p on
(p.pid=s.pid) JOIN supplier sp on(sp.sid=s.sid)
WHERE sp.sname="ABC" GROUP BY s.sid)

e) Find the name of all suppliers who supply more than 5 parts.
SELECT sname,nos FROM(SELECT s.sid,sp.sname,COUNT(p.pid) as nos
FROM supplies s JOIN parts p on
(p.pid=s.pid) JOIN supplier sp on(sp.sid=s.sid) GROUP BY s.sid) as T
WHERE nos>5

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Sample data from table

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SELECT Query Example 2 (Employee, Company, Works, Supervisor)
emp (ss, name)
cmp (cname, address)
works (ss, cname)
super (s_ss, e_ss)
Write relational algebra and SQL queries for each of the following cases:
a) Find the names of all supervisors that work in companies whose address equals “Cuperito‟.
SELECT DISTINCT(e.name) FROM emp e, super s, works w, cmp c
WHERE c.address="Cuperito" AND e.ss=s.s_ss AND s.s_ss=w.ss AND w.cname=c.cname;

b) Find the name of all the companies who have more than 1 supervisors.
SELECT cname, COUNT(cname) as NOS
FROM (SELECT c.cname, COUNT(s.s_ss) AS nos FROM cmp c, super s, works w
WHERE c.cname=w.cname AND w.ss=s.s_ss GROUP BY s.s_ss) as T
GROUP BY cname
HAVING NOS>1;

c) Find the name of supervisor who has the largest number of employees.
SELECT name, MAX(noe)
FROM (SELECT e.name, s_ss, COUNT(s.e_ss) AS noe FROM emp e, super s
WHERE e.ss=s.s_ss GROUP BY s_ss) as T;

Sample Table Data

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Works Table

Cmp Table

Practical Examples of all the Sql syntax:

1. DDL.
DDL, commonly known as data definition language, is a type of
language which helps to create the structure of the database and
restructure of database objects.

Some of the DDL statements are: CREATE, ALTER, DROP etcetera..

 Create database according to the topic.

Syntax: Create database hospital_management_system;

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  Use the created database and create table using every
constraints.

2. DML.
DML, commonly known as data manipulation language, is a part of sql
that allows manipulation of data within object of a relational object.

Some of the DML statements are: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.

 INSERT (any 5 record).

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 Update (any 3 example).

Example no 1:

Example no 2:

Example no 3:

Table along with all the update:

 Delete (any 3 example).

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 Example no 1:

Example no 2:

Example no 3:

Table representing all the deletes:

3. DQL.
DQL, commonly known as data query language, is a part of sql that
allows the user to display the particular data. Basically, it is use for
smart search of required data.
The prominent DQL statement is SELECT.

 Use of select statement:

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 Use of AND, OR, NOT operator.

Example of AND operator: It gives intersection value.

Question: Display pid, pname, pbed, fee whose gender is male

and location is from butwal.

Example of OR operator: It gives union value.

Question: Display pid, pname, pbed, fee whose gender is male or

location is from butwal.

Example of NOT operator along with AND:

Question: Display pid, pname, pbed whose fee is 5000 and

gender is not male.

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 Example of NOT operator along with OR:

Question: Display pid, pname, pbed whose fee is 5000 or gender

is not male.

Example of NOT operator along with NOT and AND:

Question: Display pid, pname, pbed whose fee is not 5000 and
gender is also not male.

 Use of order by clause (any 2 example).

Example of descending order:

Question: Display pid, pname, fee in decending order.

Example of ascending order:

Question: Display pid, pname, fee in ascending order.

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 Use of group by, having clause (any 2 example).

Example of group by clause:

Question: Display gender and total fee and grouping them into
gender.

Example of group by clause along with having:

Question: Display gender and total fee and grouping them into
gender having total fee greater than 12000.

 Wildcard operator and Like clause ( any 5 example).

Example no 1:

Question: Display all record of the patient whose name start

with “R”.

Example no 2:

Question: Display all record of the patient whose location ends

with “l”.

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 Example no 3:

Question: Find pid, pname in which pname “it” in anywhere.

Example no 4:

Question: Find pid, pname, fee in which pname has “I” at its
second place.

Example no 5:

Question: Find all records of patient whose name starts with “r”
and ends with “m”.

 SQL function (any 5 example).

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Example no 1: Sum function.

Question: sum of fee.

Example no 2: count function

Question: COUNT PATIENT NAME:

Example no 3: MIN FUNCTION.

Question: find minimum fee.

Example no 4:

Question: find maximum fee.

Example no 5:

Question: find average of fee.

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