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Assumptions in Engineering Mechanics

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6 views15 pages

Assumptions in Engineering Mechanics

Uploaded by

sehrawatanand643
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Assumptions in Engineering Mechanics

• Rigid Body Structure: No Deformation with applied external forces.


• Continuum Medium: A continuum is an idealization of continuous
description of matter with properties of matter considered as continuous
function of space variables.
A body consists of several particles. Each particle can be subdivided into
molecules, atoms and electrons etc. It is not feasible to solve an engineering
problem by treating a body as a collection of such discrete particles. The body
is assumed to consist of a continuous distribution of matter.
In other words, body is treated as continuum.
Basic Concepts of Mechanics
• Space:
Geometric Region in which study has to be performed, described by length with unit m
(1,650,763.73 wavelengths of krypton 86 orange-red line).
• Time:
It measures succession change in the system, defined with respect to second (9,192,631,770 cycles of vibration of
Cesium 133).
• Mass:
Quantitative measure of inertia.
• Force:
• Action of one body on another.

Difference between Mass and Weight


Basic Principles of Mechanics
• Parallelogram Law of Forces
• Principle of Transmissibility
• Law of Motion (Newton’s)
• Law of Gravitation (Newton’s)

sin  sin  sin 


 
Q P R
Basic Principles of Mechanics Contd..
Basic Principles of Mechanics Contd..
Law of Motion (Newton’s) : Valid for Inertial (Newtonian) frame only.
1st Law: A body will remain at their position of rest or motion
unless it is compelled to change its state by force impressed on it.

2nd Law: describes how a force changes the motion of an object.

F  ma
3rd Law: for every active force there is an equal and opposite
reactive force exist in equilibrium.
Basic Principles of Mechanics Contd..

Law of Gravitation (Newton’s) : Universal.

Any two bodies in the universe attract each other with a force that is directly
proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between them.
Force
Force: An action that changes or tends to change the state of the body on which it acts.
• External Forces (Contacting or Applied Forces)
• Concentrated or Point Forces
• Distributed Forces
• Body Forces (non-contacting or non-applied Forces)

Force System: Several Forces act upon a body simultaneously.


Force System
Force Analysis
F= 300N, α=25o, β=45o
Resolve F into P and Q.
Vector Algebra Method

F  Fx  Fy  Fxiˆ  Fy ˆj

F  PQ Fx  F cos  Fy  F sin 


  
F  300 cos iˆ  sin ˆj  300 cos 25o iˆ  sin 25o ˆj 
   
P  P cos iˆ  sin ˆj  P cos 0 o iˆ  sin 0 o ˆj  Piˆ
Q  Qcos iˆ  sin ˆj   Q cos25  45 iˆ  sin 25  45 
o o o o o
 
ˆj  Q cos 70o iˆ  sin 70o ˆj 
300cos 25 iˆ  sin 25 ˆj   Piˆ  Qcos 70 iˆ  sin 70 ˆj 
o o o o
Force Analysis

  
300 cos 25o iˆ  sin 25o ˆj  Piˆ  Q cos 70o iˆ  sin 70o ˆj 
After solving equations, force
300 cos 25o iˆ  Piˆ  Q cos 70o iˆ ………………….(A) component can be obtained.

300 sin 25o ˆj  Q sin 70o ˆj ………………….(B)

Parallelogram Method
F  P 2  Q 2  2 PQ cos   300  P 2  Q 2  2 PQ cos 70o

90000  P 2  Q 2  0.68PQ ………………….(1)

𝑄 sin 7 0
𝑡𝑎𝑛 25 =
𝑃 + 𝑄 cos 7 0

0.93Q  0.46 P  0.157Q ………………….(2)


Force Analysis
R= 80N, Determine x, y and z component.

AB
ˆ AB  AB  8iˆ  4 ˆj  3kˆ
AB

AB  82  4 2  32


R  Rˆ AB  80 0.848iˆ  0.424 ˆj  0.318kˆ 
R  67.8iˆ  33.9 ˆj  25.4kˆ
R x  67.8iˆN through A

R y  33.9 ˆjN through A


R  25.4kˆN
z through A
Force Analysis
Determine horizontal and vertical components
of 260 N force.
Force Analysis
Determine horizontal and vertical components
of 170 N force.
Force Analysis

Resolve 1000N force into x and y


component when (a) θ = 20o and
(b) θ = 120o.
Force Analysis

Find magnitude and direction of resultant force


experienced by pulley due to two tensions in cable.

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