Python Variables

Variables are containers for storing data values

Creating Variables
Python has no command for declaring a variable.
A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it
Example
In [1]: x = 5
y = "John"
print(x)
print(y)

5
John

variables do not need to be declared with any particular type, and can even
change type after they have been set
Example
In [2]: x = 4 # x is of type int
x = "john" # x is now of type str
print(x)

john

Casting
If you want to specify the data type of a variable, this can be done with casting
Example
In [6]: x = str(3) # x will be '3'
y = int(3) # y will be 3
z = float(3) # z will be 3.0
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)

3
3
3.0

Get the Type

You can get the data type of a variable with the type() function
 Example
In [7]: x = 5
y = "John"
print(type(x))
print(type(y))

<class 'int'>
<class 'str'>

Single or Double Quotes?

String variables can be declared either by using single or double quotes
Example
In [8]: x = "John"
# is the same as
x = 'John'

Variables Names
A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive name (age,
carname, total_volume)
Rules for Python variables
A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character
A variable name cannot start with a number
A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-
z, 0-9, and _ )
Variable names are case-sensitive (age, Age and AGE are three different
variables)
A variable name cannot be any of the Python keywords.
Pyhtonn Keywords
Totally there are 33 keywords in python
'False', 'None', 'True', 'and', 'as', 'assert', 'async', 'await', 'break', 'class',
'continue', 'def', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except', 'finally', 'for', 'from', 'global', 'if',
'import', 'in', 'is', 'lambda', 'nonlocal', 'not', 'or', 'pass', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while',
'with', 'yield'
Example
In [14]: myvar = "John1"
my_var = "John2"
_my_var = "John3"
myVar = "John4"
MYVAR = "John5"
myvar2 = "John6"

print(myvar)
print(my_var)
print(_my_var)
print(myVar)
 print(MYVAR)
print(myvar2)

John1
John2
John3
John4
John5
John6

Multi Words Variable Names

Variable names with more than one word can be difficult to read.
There are several techniques you can use to make them more readable

1.Camel Case
Each word, except the first, starts with a capital letter
Example
In [ ]: myVariableName = "John"

2.Pascal Case
Each word starts with a capital letter
Example
In [ ]: MyVariableName = "John"

3.Snake Case
Each word is separated by an underscore character
Example
In [ ]: my_variable_name = "John"

Assign Multiple Values

1.Many Values to Multiple Variables
Python allows you to assign values to multiple variables in one line
Note: Make sure the number of variables matches the number of values, or
else you will get an error
Example
In [15]: x, y, z = "Orange", "Banana", "Cherry"
print(x)
 print(y)
print(z)

Orange
Banana
Cherry

2.One Value to Multiple Variables

you can assign the same value to multiple variables in one line
Example
In [18]: x = y = z = "Orange"
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)

Orange
Orange
Orange

Unpack a Collection
If you have a collection of values in a list, tuple etc. Python allows you to extract
the values into variables. This is called unpacking
Example
Unpack a list
In [19]: fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
x, y, z = fruits
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)

apple
banana
cherry

Output Variables
The Python print() function is often used to output variables
Example
In [2]: x = "Python is awesome"
print(x)

Python is awesome

In the print() function, you output multiple variables, separated

by a comma
Example
In [26]: x = "Python"
y = "is"
z = "awesome"
print(x, y, z)

Python is awesome

Global Variables
Variables that are created outside of a function (as in all of the examples above)
are known as global variables.
Global variables can be used by everyone, both inside of functions and outside
Example
Create a variable outside of a function, and use it inside the function
In [27]: x = "awesome"

def myfunc():
print("Python is " + x)

myfunc()

Python is awesome

If you create a variable with the same name inside a function, this variable will be
local, and can only be used inside the function. The global variable with the
same name will remain as it was, global and with the original value
Example
Create a variable inside a function, with the same name as the global
variable
In [28]: x = "awesome"

def myfunc():
x = "fantastic"
print("Python is " + x)

myfunc()

print("Python is " + x)

Python is fantastic
Python is awesome

The global Keyword

Normally, when you create a variable inside a function, that variable is local,
and can only be used inside that function.
To create a global variable inside a function, you can use the global keyword
Example
If you use the global keyword, the variable belongs to the global scope
In [29]: def myfunc():
global x
x = "fantastic"

myfunc()

print("Python is " + x)

Python is fantastic