“êAۆ)ÛAÛ

Jean Pierre Serre

1µ

Géométrie Algébrique et Géométrie Analytique (GAGA)

Annales de l’institut Fourier,

Tome 6 (1956), p. 1-42.

1
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ž X þX¼êˆü ̇Ú"·‚§3 X vkÛÉ:ž§1«À´
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5và Ú)Û5và ´Œ±˜˜éA§¿ ù‡éA„¦þÓN+±˜
—£äNã„ "| 12¤¶·‚ò‰Ñù‡(J3ˆ«¯KþA^§AO´3“ê5
n‘mÚ)Û5n‘m'¡"

Ðü!´O5"3 § 1 ¥§·‚kES˜e/)ÛõN0½ÂÚÌ
‡5Ÿ"·‚¤æ^½Â´5g H. Cartan [3]§ØL H. Cartan =Ä 5õ
Nœ/§ù‡›éu·‚5`´ØI‡¶ W-L. Chow 3¦˜ óŠ¥
¦^ ˜‡š~ƒq½Â{"3 § 2 ¥§·‚‡)º˜eXÛ3˜‡“êõ
N X þ½Â˜‡)ÛõN(§Óž‰Ñ§eZÄ5Ÿ"Ù¥­‡˜
^æ´e¡ù‡µe± Ox £ƒ= µ Hx ¤5P X 3: x ?Û܂£ƒ= µX¼
êÞ‚¤§K‚ Ox Ú Hx äkƒÓz§ddŒ§§‚¤˜‡/û
|0§ëwN¹½Â 4"

3 § 3 ¥§·‚òy²˜ 'uvà ½n£þ¡®²J9¤"{̇5g

ü‡¡§˜‡´ [18] ¥¤Qã“ê5và nا,˜‡Ò´ [3], w XVIII-
XIX ¥½n A Ú½n B ¶ 儧·‚¬ES˜e§‚y²"

§ 4 ¥ò‰Ñ˜ A^ 2 µ Betti ê3EêgÓeØC5! Chow ½n!±

“ê+(+“ê5n‘mÚ)Û5n‘m'§"3 ˜‡¯K¥§
·‚(J„éا3¤kŒü+¥§·‚XÛ?nAς5+Ú"
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§1 )ÛõN

"| 1 •˜m)Ûf8

 n > 0 ´˜‡ê§ Cn ´ n ‘E•˜m§‘kÏ~ÿÀ" U ´ Cn ˜

‡f8§¤¢ U ´)Û§´é?¿ x ∈ U §þŒ±é x ˜‡ W §±
9 W þ˜|X¼ê f1 , . . . , fk §¦ U ∩ W Tдd÷v§ fi (z) = 0, i =
1, . . . , k : z ∈ W ¤|¤8Ü"dž U 3 Cn ¥´ÛÜ4£=§´˜‡m8†
˜‡488¤§l ´ÛÜ;£3pÿÀe¤"

e¡·‚‡3ÿÀ˜m U þ½Â˜‡ "éu?¿ÿÀ˜m X §·‚± CX

5 P X þ  C Š ¼ ê Þ £ë  [18], "| 3¤" e - H ´ Cn þ   X ¼ ê Þ §
K H ´ CCn f "y3 x ´ U ˜:§Kk˜‡›Ó

εx : CCn ,x −→ CU,x "

Hx 3 εx e”´ CU,x ˜‡f‚ HU,x ¶ù HU,x ¤ CU ˜‡f HU §

·‚¡ƒ U þX¼êÞ ¶§´˜‡‚ "·‚^ A (U )x 5P εx : Hx →
HU,x ضŠâ HU,x ù‡½Â§ A (U )x Ò´dù˜ f ∈ Hx ¤|¤8
Ü § § ‚  ›  U þ ± 3 x  , ‡   þ  u 0 ¶ · ‚ ² ~ r HU,x  Ó u û
‚ Hx /A (U )x "

y3 U þ®²k ˜‡ÿÀژ‡¼ê §u´·‚ÒŒ±½ÂXNV

g£ë [3], w VI ½ö [18], "| 32¤µ

 U Ú V ©O´ Cr Ú Cs ¥)Ûf8"¤¢˜‡N ϕ : U → V ´X§

´§´ëY§¿ f ∈ HV,ϕ(x) %º f ◦ ϕ ∈ HU,x "ùƒu`§éu x ∈
U § ϕ(x)  s ‡‹IÑ´ x  r ‡‹IX¼ê§†é{`§Ñ´ HU ¡"

ü‡XNܤ„´X"e ϕ : U → V ´˜‡˜˜N§¿ ϕ Ú ϕ−1

Ñ´X§K·‚` ϕ ´˜‡)ÛÓ£½{¡Ó¤¶ùdu`§ ϕ ´ U 
V þ˜‡Ó§¿ r HU =z HV "
0 0
e U Ú U 0 © O ´ Cr Ú Cr ¥  ) Û f 8 § K ¦ È U × U 0 ´ Cr+r ¥  ) Û f
8" [18], "| 33 ¥¤Ñ@ 5ŸE,´k§‡rÛÜ4f8ц¤)Û
f8§¿r~Nц¤XNҌ± ¶AO/§e ϕ : U → V Ú ϕ0 : U 0 →
V 0 Ñ´)ÛÓ§K
ϕ × ϕ0 : U × U 0 −→ V × V 0
´Xd"

ØL†“êœ/ØÓ´§ U × U 0 þÿÀfÐu U Ú U 0 þÿÀ¦

È"
 "| 2 )ÛõNVg 4

"| 2 )ÛõNVg

½  1. — ¤¢)ÛõN 3 §´˜‡ÿÀ˜m X ëÓ CX ˜‡f HX §

÷ve¡˜ ^‡µ
(HI ) 3 X þŒ±é˜‡mCX {Vi } §¦z‡ Vi §ëÓÙþpÿÀÚ
c\ §þŒÓu,•˜m¥˜‡)Ûf8 Ui §ëÓ "| 1 ¥¤½ÂÿÀÚ
"
(HII ) X þÿÀ´©l"

"| 1 ¥@ ½ÂÑ´ÛÜ5§l Œ±‚)ÛõNþ"u´éu˜‡

)ÛõN X §·‚r HX ¡ X þX¼êÞ ¶e X Ú Y ´ü‡)Ûõ
N§K˜‡XN ϕ : X → Y ´ù˜‡ëYN§§¦ f ∈ HY,ϕ(x) ž7
k f ◦ ϕ ∈ HX,x ¶ùaNÒ¤ )ÛõN‰Æ¥£3 N. Bourbaki ¿
Âe¤"

 V ´)ÛõN X ¥˜‡m8§·‚r V ,•˜m¥)Ûf8 U 

˜‡)ÛÓ¡ V ˜‡‹Ik"ún (HII ) ¿›X X Œ±@ äk‹Ik
m8¤CX" Y ´ X ˜‡f8§¤¢ Y ´)Û§´é?¿‹Ik ϕ : V →
U §”8Ü ϕ(Y ∩ V ) Ñ´ U ˜‡)Ûf8"dž Y 3 X ¥´ÛÜ4§¿ Œ
±g,/Dƒ§˜‡)ÛõN(§¡d X ¤p(£“êœ/Œë
 [18], "| 35¤"Ó/§ X Ú X 0 ´ü‡)ÛõN§K3 X ×X 0 þk˜˜‡÷
veã^‡)ÛõN(µe ϕ : V → U Ú ϕ : V 0 → U 0 ©O´ X Ú X 0 ¥‹
Ik§K ϕ × ϕ0 : V × V 0 → U × U 0 ´ V × V 0 3 X × X 0 ¥˜‡‹Ik¶Dƒù‡
(ƒ § X × X 0 ò¡ X Ú X 0 ¦È¶5¿ X × X 0 þÿÀ† X Ú X 0 
¦ÈÿÀ´­Ü"

[18], 34-35 ¥Ù§˜ VgŒ±‚)ÛõNþ§[!3‰Öö"

"| 3 )Û5

[2], w XV ¥¤½Â)Û5 Œ±*Ð?¿)ÛõN X þ§)Û5

Ò´‚ HX þ §{¡ HX  £ë [18], "| 6¤"

 Y ´ X ˜‡4)Ûf8¶é?¿ x ∈ X § A (Y )x ´d HX,x ¥@ 

› Y þ± 3 x ,‡þð 0 ¼êÞ f ∈ HX,x ¤|¤8Ü"Kù
A (Y )x ¤ HX ˜‡nŽ A (Y ) ¶l A (Y ) Ò´˜‡)Û5 "y3û
HX /A (Y ) 3 Y ƒ ðu 0 §¿ §3 Y þ›TÐÒ´ HY £ùŒdp(
½ÂíÑ5¤¶l Œ±r§Óu HY §ë [18], "| 5 "

·K 1. — a) HX ´˜‡và‚ £[18], "| 15¤"

b) e Y ´ X ˜‡4)Ûf8§K A (Y ) Ò´˜‡)Û5và £¡v
È5µ©´/espace analytique0§=/)ۘm0" Serre 3d©¥Ä ©l
3
Q
œ/§y3/)ۘm0Vg®²#N.˜mØ©l§#N( ¥k˜"§¤± ì
êÆSºCz§·‚3ùp€È/)ÛõN0§±««O"
 "| 4 )ÛõN¥: 5

à HX  §ù´3 [18], "| 12 ¿Âe¤"

3 X ´ Cn ¥m8ž§ù (J´d K. Oka Ú H. Cartan ¤y²§ë [1],

½n 1 Ú 2 ½ö [2], w XV-XVI"˜„œ/Œ±éN´/8(ù‡œ/§¯¢
þ§¯K´ÛÜ5§Œb X ´ Cn ,‡m8 U ¥˜‡4)Ûf8¶d
ž HX = HU /A (X) §Šâþ¡¤ã§ HU ´˜‡và‚ §¿ A (X) ´ HU 
˜‡vànŽ ¶ddá HX ´và§ë [18], "| 16" b) Ü©Œ±^Ó
{5y²"

)Û5và Ù§~f„kµ•þmX¡Þ £ë "| 20¤§±9gÅ

¼êÞ ([3], w XX)"

"| 4 )ÛõN¥:

 X ´˜‡)ÛõN§ x ´ X ˜:§ Hx ´ X 3 x ?X¼êÞ‚§

K§´˜‡ C þ“ê§äk˜4ŒnŽ m §´d¤k3 x ?Š 0 ¼
ê f ¤|¤§¿  Hx /m fÐÒ´ C "†é{`§ Hx ´ C þ˜‡Ûܓ
ê"XJ X = Cn §K Hx Ò´ n ‡CþÂñ˜?ê“ê C{z1 , . . . , zn } ¶3˜„œ
/e§ Hx Óu C{z1 , . . . , zn } ˜‡û“ê§Ï X 3ÛÜþÓu Cn ˜‡)
ÛfN¶ddŒ§ Hx ´˜‡ Noether ‚¶Óž§´ H. Cartan ( [3], w VII) ¤
`)ۂ"

´„ Hx û½ X 3 x C 5Ÿ£[3], cÚ¤"AO/§ X 3 x C Óu Cn

 ¿ © 7 ‡ ^ ‡ ´ Hx Ó  u C{z1 , . . . , zn } ¶ ´ „ ù ‡ ^ ‡   d u ` Hx ´ ˜
‡ n ‘KÛ܂£Û܂n،ëw [16]¤"dž·‚r x ¡ X þ˜‡ n ‘
²w:¶XJ X þ?¿:Ñ´²w§K·‚` X ´˜‡)Û6/"

£˜„œ/§‚ Hx pvkÉu 0 ˜"§£ë [15], 1 IV Ù §2¤µ

\
0 = pi §

Ù¥ pi H Hx 4ƒnŽ8Ü"e- Xi ´ X 3 x ?@ ،©|§K

k pi = A (Xi )x §¿ Hx /pi = HXi ,x "ùÒr X 3˜:?5ŸÑ8( ù
Xi þ¶'X`§ X 3 x ?£)Û¤‘ê£=ÿÀ‘ꘌ¤Ò´ù Xi ‘
êþ(."5¿ù‡‘êTІÛ܂ Hx  (Krull) ‘êƒ"¯¢þ§
IÄ X 3 x ?،œ/§Ò´` Hx ´‚œ/¶dže r ´ù‡)Û
‘ê§K·‚£ë [14], § 4 ½ö [3], w VIII¤Hx ´ C{z1 , . . . , zr } þ˜‡
k“ê"du C{z1 , . . . , zr } z´/ª˜?ê“ê C[[z1 , . . . , zr ]] §Ù‘ê
u r § Hx ´Xd£Šâ [16], p. 18¤§ùÒy² þ¡¤`¯œ"

§2 “êõNŠ))ÛõN

e¡·‚  C þ“êõN"ù«õNþäkü‡ÿÀµ/Ï~0ÿÀ
Ú/Zariski0ÿÀ"
 "| 5 “êõNŠ))ÛõN½Â 6

"| 5 “êõNŠ))ÛõN½Â

Šâe¡ù‡Ún§?ۓêõNþÑk˜‡)ÛõN(µ

Ún 1. — a) Cn þ Zariski ÿÀ'Ï~ÿÀf"
b) Cn ?Û Zariski ÛÜ4f8Ñ´)Û"
0
c) e U Ú U 0 ©O´ Cn Ú Cn ¥ Zariski ÛÜ4f8§¿ f : U → U 0 ´˜‡
~N§K f ´X"
d) 3 c) cJ^‡e§e? b f ´˜‡V•~Ó§K§´˜‡)ÛÓ
"

Šâ½Â§ Cn ¥˜‡ Zariski 4f8´˜ õ‘ªú
":§ õ‘ª3Ï

~ÿÀe´ëY£ƒ= µ´X¤§ a)£ƒ= µ b)¤" y² c)§Œ±b
 U 0 = C §KI‡y² U þ?Û~¼êÑ´X§ùE,´gõ‘ª
X5" §r c) A^ f −1 þá d)"

y3 X ´ C þ˜‡“êõN£½Â„ [18], "| 34§ØI‡´ØŒ¤"

 V ´ X ˜‡ Zariski mf8§ äk˜‡£“ê5¤‹Ik

ϕ : V −→ U §

Ù¥ U ´,‡•˜m¥ Zariski ÛÜ4f8"ŠâÚn 1, b)§ U þ‘k˜‡)Û

õN("

· K 2. — 3 X þk˜˜‡)ÛõN(§U¦e¡^‡¤áµé
?¿£“ê5¤‹Ik ϕ : V → U § Zariski m8 V Ñ´£3Ï~ÿÀe¤m§¿
ϕ ´ V §ëÓd X ¤p)ÛõN(§ U §ëÓ "| 2 ¤½Â)Ûõ
N(§þ˜‡)ÛÓ"

£{󃧧r?ۓê5‹IkÑC¤ )Û5‹Ik¤"
˜5´w,§ÏoŒ±r X ^˜ äk‹Ik Zariski m8 V CXå
5" y²35§ ϕ : V → U ´˜‡‹Ik§K·‚r U þ)Ûõ
 N (  / Ï ϕ−1 ‚  V þ " e ϕ0 : V 0 → U 0 ´ , ˜ ‡ ‹ I k § K  ì Ú n 1,
d)§ V Ú V 0 3 V ∩ V 0 þ Œ ± p  Ñ ƒ Ó  ) Û õ  N (  ¶ ?  ì Ú n 1,
a)§ V ∩ V 0 3 V Ú V 0 ¥Ñ´m"u´Œ±rù (Åܤ X þ˜‡ÿÀ
ژ‡ HX §§w,÷vún (HI ) " y (HII ) §·‚Œ±¦^ [18], "| 34 ¥
ún (VA0II ) ¶3@pPÒe§ Ui Ú Uj ƒmÓ'X㔠Tij 3 Ui × Uj ¥
´ Zariski 4§l 3Ï~ÿÀe´4§ùÒ¿›X X ´©l"

5 ) — Œ±†5½Â X þ)ÛõN(§ Ø7ÏL‹Ik ϕ :

V → U "=Äk½Â§ÿÀÒ´¦ X ?Û Zariski m8þ~¼êÑëY
fÿÀ§Ùg½Â HX,x Ê´d OX,x 3 C (X)x ¥¤)¤)Ûf‚£3 [3], 
w VIII ¿Âe¤"Œ±y§ùü‡½Â´d§[!3‰Öö"

±e·‚^ X an 5L« X ëÓþ¡¤½Â)ÛõN("K X an ÿÀ

' X ÿÀ°[¶ du X an Œ±k‡‘k‹Ikm8¤CX§
 "| 6 Û܂†X¼êނƒm'X 7

 X an ´˜‡3á?ŒêÛÜ;˜m 4 "

X an eã5ŸŒd½Âáµ

e X Ú Y ´ü‡“êõN§Kk (X × Y )an = X an × Y an "e Y ´ X ˜

‡ Zariski ÛÜ4f8§K Y an ´ X an ˜‡)Ûf8¶? § Y an þ)Û(
† X an 3 Y þ¤p)Û(´­Ü" §e f : X → Y ´“êõN X 
“êõN Y ˜‡~N§K f ´ X an  Y an ˜‡XN"

"| 6 Û܂†X¼êނƒm'X

 X ´˜‡“êõN§ x ´ X ˜:"y3·‚5'˜e X 3 x ?~

¼êÛ܂ Ox Ú X an 3 x ?X¼êÛ܂ Hx "

du?Û~¼êÑ´X§?Û¼ê f ∈ Ox ѽ x ?˜‡X

¼êÞ§·‚Pƒ θ(f ) "N θ : Ox → Hx ´˜‡Ó§¿ r Ox 4ŒnŽ
N Hx 4ŒnŽƒ¥¶l Œ±ëY/òÿzþ˜‡Ó θb : Obx →
cx £ëN¹ "| 24¤"
H

·K 3. — Ó θb : Obx → H
cx ´˜˜"

·‚òr§†e˜‡·K˜3˜å5y²µ

 Y ´ X ˜‡ Zariski ÛÜ4f8§¿ I (Y )x £3I‡² X ž§·‚Pƒ

 I (Y, X)x ¤´d Ox ¥› Y þ± 3 x ,‡ Zariski þðu 0 @
¼ê f ¤|¤nŽ£ë [18], "| 39¤"K I (Y )x 3 θ e”w,¹3 Hx n
Ž A (Y )x ƒ¥£½Â„ "| 3¤"

·K 4. — nŽ A (Y )x Œd θ(I (Y )x ) ¤)¤"

Äkéu X ´•˜m Cn œ/5y²·K 3 Ú 4"dž·K 3 ´w,§Ï

 Obx Ú H cx fÐÑ´ n /ª˜?ê“ê C[[z1 , . . . , zn ]] "2w·K 4¶ a ´ I (Y )x
3 Hx ¥¤)¤nŽ£ùpr‚ Ox ²d θ Óu Hx ˜‡f‚¤" Hx ?Ûn
ŽÑŒ±½ÂÑ X 3 x ?˜‡)Ûf8Þ§ë [1], "| 3 ½ [3], w VI, p. 6¶
´ „ a ¤ ½   Þ f Ð Ò ´ Y "  f ´ A (Y )x ¥  ˜ ‡  ƒ § K  ì / " : ½
n0£ù´'u Hx nŽ˜‡½n§ë [14], p. 278§½ö [2], w XIV, p.
3 Ú [3], w VIII, p. 9¤§Œ±é˜‡ê r > 0 §¦ f r ∈ a ",·‚Òk

cx = I (Y )x .H
f r ∈ a.H cx = I (Y )x .Obx "

, nŽ I (Y )x Œ±¤ù˜ ƒnŽ8§§‚éAu Y ²L x 

،©|"l Šâ Chevalley ˜‡½n£ë [16], p. 40 ½ [17], p. 67¤§n
Ž Ix .Obx ´Xd§u´ f r ∈ I (Y )x .Obx %ºX f ∈ I (Y )x .Obx " Ϗ Hx ´˜
È5µ/3á?Œê0´T˜mŒ±¤Œê‡;8¿8§½Â„ Bourbaki 5˜„ÿ
4

ÀÆ6, I, § 9, n◦ 9"
 "| 7 “êõNþÏ~ÿÀ† Zariski ÿÀƒm'X 8

‡ Noether Û܂§·‚k a.H cx ∩ Hx = a£ë [15], 1 IV Ù§½öN¹¥·

K 27¤¶l f ∈ I (Y )x §ùÒy² dœ/·K 4"

£˜„œ/"¯K´ÛÜ5§Œb X ´,‡•˜m U fN"Šâ

½Âµ
Ox = OU,x /I (X, U )x Hx = HU,x /A (X, U )x "

N θ : Ox → Hx ´dN θ : OU,x → HU,x ÏLû §Šâþ¡¤ã§

·‚ θb : ObU,x → H
cU,x ´˜˜§¿ „k A (X, U )x = θ(I (X, U )x ).HU,x "·
K 3 Œddá£|^N¹¥·K 29¤"·K 4 K´ge¡¯¢µ A (Y )x Ò
´nŽ A (Y, U )x ;‰”§ Šâc¡¤ã§ A (Y, U )x Œd θ(I (Y, U )x ) ¤)¤"

AO/§·K 3 L² θ : Ox → Hx ´ü§l Œ±r Ox Óu Hx ˜‡f

‚"3ù‡Óe§·‚kµ

íØ 1. — ‚| (Ox , Hx ) ´˜‡û|£3N¹½Â 4 ¿Âe¤"

ùŒd·K 3 ÚN¹¥·K 28 á"

íØ 2. — ‚ Ox Ú Hx äkƒÓ‘ê"

¯¢þ§ Noether Û܂‘ꆧz‚‘ꃣë [16], p. 26¤"

k„u "| 4 ¥Ã(J§·‚Œ±e¡íØ£{ü儧ùpb X ´

،¤µ

í Ø 3. — e X ´˜‡ r ‘ØŒ“êõN§K)ÛõN X an 3Ùz˜:?

)ۑêÑu r "

"| 7 “êõNþÏ~ÿÀ† Zariski ÿÀƒm'X

· K 5. —  X ´˜‡“êõN§ U ´ X ˜‡f8"e U 3 X ¥´ Zariski

ȗm§K U 3 X ¥´È—"

 Y ´ U 3 X ¥Ö8¶§´ X ˜‡ Zariski 48" x ´ X ˜:¶e x v

ká3 U 4ƒ¥§K3 x C Òk Y = X § A (Y )x = 0£3 "| 6 PÒ
e¤"du A (Y )x ¹ θ(I (Y )x ) §¿ θ ´ü£·K 3¤§k I (Y )x = 0 §ù
Ò¿›X3 x ,‡ Zariski þ·‚k Y = X §† U 3 X ¥´ Zariski ȗƒ
gñ§y²."

5) — ´„·K 5 du θ : Ox → Hx ´üù‡¯¢§ù‡¯'·K 3 {ü

õ§¿ Œ±ÏLz8­‚þ5y²"

y3·‚‰Ñ·K 5 ü‡{üA^"

·K 6. —  ¦˜‡“êõN X ´;ܧ7L I X an ´;"

ÄkES Chow ˜‡(J£ë [7] ½ [19], "| 4¤µé?¿“êõN X §þ

 "| 8 ~5)ÛO{ 9

Œé˜‡KõN Y §Ú Y ˜‡ Zariski ȗmf8 U §±9˜‡~÷N

 f : U → X § ¦ f 㔠T 3 X × Y ¥´ Zariski 4" U = Y ¿©7‡^
‡´ X ´;Ü"

âd§Äkb X ´;ܧKk X = f (Y ) § du?ÛKõN3Ï~ÿ

ÀeÑ´;§l X ´;"‡ƒ§b X ´;§Kdu T 3 X × Y ¥´4
§´;§l U ´;§Ï§´ T 3 Y ¥ÝK¶ù˜5§ U 3 Y ¥
Ò´4§ ·K 5 L² U = Y §ùÒ¤ y²"

e¡ÚnŸþ5g Chevalleyµ

Ú n 2. —  f : X → Y ´“êõN X “êõN Y ˜‡~N§

b f (X) 3 Y ¥´ Zariski ȗ"KŒ±é˜‡f8 U ⊆ f (X) §§3 Y ¥
´ Zariski ȗm"

 X Ú Y Ñ،ž§ù‡(J´Ù§~Xë [4], w 3 ½ö [17], p.

15"e¡·‚r˜„œ/8(ù‡œ/µ Xi (i ∈ I) ´ X Ã،©|§¿ S
 Yi ´ f (Xi ) 3 Y ¥ Zariski 4§Kdu Yi Ѵ،§¿ Y = Yi ¶
Œé˜‡f8 J ⊆ I §¦à Yj (j ∈ J) Ò´ Y ¤k،©|"Šâþ¡¤
`(J§éz˜‡ j ∈ J §þŒé Yj ˜‡ Zariski ȗmf8 Uj ⊆ f (Xj ) ¶
·
S  Uj §Œ±? b Uj †z‡ Yk (k ∈ J, k 6= j) Ñvk:"y3 U =
Uj §§Òäk·‚¤‡5Ÿ"
j∈J

· K 7. —  f : X → Y ´“êõN X “êõN Y ˜‡~N§

K f (X) 3 Y ¥4Ú Zariski 4´­Ü"

 T ´ f (X) 3 Y ¥ Zariski 4"rÚn 2 A^ f : X → T þ§KŒ±é

˜‡f8 U ⊆ f (X) §§3 T ¥´ Zariski ȗm"l Šâ·K 5§ U 3 T ¥´È
—§Ï f (X) 3 T ¥´È—¶ùÒL² T ¹3 f (X) 4ƒ¥¶‡•
¹´w,§l ¤ y²"

"| 8 ~5)ÛO{

?Û~NÑ´X"e¡·KL²§3, œ¹e‡L5´é£y
²ò3 "| 19 ¥¤¤"

· K 8. —  X Ú Y ´ü‡“êõN§ f : X → Y ´ X  Y ˜‡XN
"e f 㔠T 3 X × Y ¥´ Zariski ÛÜ4£=§´˜‡“êfN¤§KN
 f ´~"

 p = prX ´ T 1˜‡Ïf;‰ÝK§KN p ´~ ˜˜§¿ §

_NÒ´ x 7→ (x, f (x)) § ŠâcJ^‡§ù‡_N´X¶l p ´˜‡
)ÛÓ§¯K8(y² p ´˜‡V•~ӣϏ·‚k f = ptY ◦ p−1 ¤"ù
˜:´ge¡·Kµ

· K 9. —  T Ú X ´ü‡“êõN§ p : T → X ´˜‡~N§¿ ´˜
 "| 8 ~5)ÛO{ 10

˜"u´e p ´ T  X ˜‡)ÛÓ§K§´˜‡V•~Ó"

Äky² p ´ Zariski ÿÀeÓ" F ´ T ˜‡ Zariski 48§KϏ p ´

˜‡)ÛÓ§,Ò´˜‡Ó§ p(F ) 3 X ¥´4"r·K 7 A^ p :
F → X þŒ§ p(F ) 3 X ¥´ Zariski 4§ùÒy² þ㯑"

y3ž25y²§ p U r X þ( OX =z T þ( OT "(

ƒ/`§e t ´ T ˜:§ x = p(t) §KN p ½Â ˜‡Ó
p∗ : OX,x −→ OT,t §
·‚I‡y² p∗ ´˜˜ 5 "

du p ´˜‡ Zariski Ó§ p∗ ´ü§l Œ±r OX,x Óu OT,t ˜

‡f‚" {zPÒ§·‚- A = OX,x , A0 = OT,t §Kk A ⊆ A0 "Ó/§
- B £ƒ= µ B 0 ¤´‚ HX,x £ƒ= µ HT,t ¤"¿r A Ú A0 ©Oi\ B Ú B 0 ¥£
ì·K 3§ù´Ün¤" p ´)ÛÓ^‡L² B = B 0 "

 Xi ´ X ²L x Ã،©|¶z‡ Xi Ñ(½ ‚ A ˜‡ƒnŽ pi =

I (Xi )x §¿ ûÛ܂ Ai = A/pi fÐÒ´ Xi 3 x ?Û܂¶l e Ki ´ Ai 
©ª§K§Ò´ØŒõN T Xi kn¼ê"ù nŽ pi w,´‚ A ¤k
4ƒnŽ§k 0 = pi "d A ¥Øáu?Û pi ƒ¤|¤8Ü S 3¦{
e´µ4£´„ùÒ´ A ¥NK8ܤ"¿ ©ª‚ AS Òuù
Ki †Ü£ëe¡Ún 3¤"

 Ti = p−1 (Xi ) §KϏ p ´˜‡ Zariski Ó§¤±ù Ti Ò´ T ²L t ¤

k،©|§¿ ©O½Â A0 ƒnŽ p0i ¶·‚2- A0i = A0 /p0i §  Ki0 ´ A0i 
© ª  § K A0   © ª ‚ A0S 0 Ò  u ù Ki0  † Ü " 5 ¿  p0i ∩ A = pi § 
k Ai ⊆ A0i , Ki ⊆ Ki0 Ú AS ⊆ A0S 0 "

·‚Äky² Ki = Ki0 §†é{`§ p ½Â Ti Ú Xi ƒm˜‡/Vkn0

N¶Ï p : Ti → Xi ´˜‡ Zariski Ó§¤± Ti Ú Xi äkƒÓ‘ê§Ï
 Ki Ú Ki0 3 C þ‡gꏃÓ"u´e·‚- ni = [Ki0 : Ki ] §K 6 Œ±é
 Xi ˜‡š˜ Zariski mf8 Ui §¦ Ui ¥z‡:3 Ti ¥_”ÑTÐk ni ‡
:" du p ´˜˜§7k ni = 1 §l  Ki = Ki0 "

Ϗ AS £ƒ= µ A0S 0 ¤Ò´ù Ki £ƒ= µ Ki0 ¤†Ü§¤±·‚k AS = A0S 0 "

y3 f 0 ∈ A0 ¶Šâþ¡¤ã§ f 0 ∈ AS §†é{`§Œ±é g ∈ A Ú s ∈ S §¦
 g = sf 0 "l k g ∈ sA0 § g ∈ sB 0 §Ò´` g ∈ sB ", Šâ·K 3 
íØ 1 §| (A, B) ´û§l ·‚k sB ∩ A = sA §ëN¹ "| 22"ù҉
Ñ g ∈ sA §†é{`§Œ±é f ∈ A §¦ g = sf §=k s(f − f 0 ) = 0 § d
u s 3 A0 ¥Ø´"Ïf§ f = f 0 §Ò´` A = A0 §y²."

·‚3y²L§¥¦^ e¡Únµ

Ú n 3. —  A ´˜‡†‚§ §"nŽŒ±¤k‡4ƒnŽ pi 
ùpy²{´ P. Samuel wŠŠö"
5

ù´˜‡;(J§ ØJy²"ÖöŒ3 [17], p. 16 ?阇f(J§§éu·‚ù

6

p¯K5`®²v "
 11

8¶ Ki ´ A/pi ©ª§¿ S ´d A ¥¤kØáu?Û pi ƒ¤|¤8

Ü"K©ª‚ AS Óuù Ki †Ü"

·‚ AS ƒnŽ† A @ † S vk:ƒnŽ´˜˜éA£ë [15],

1 IV Ù § 3§©'u©ª‚SN5gT?¤"u´e- mi = pi AS §Kù
mi Ò´ AS ¤kƒnŽ¶AO/§§‚Ñ´4ŒnŽ§ w,üüØÓ§Ï
 mi ∩ A = pi £[15], cÚ¤"? § AS /mi ´d A/pi ¤)¤§l † Ki ­
Ü"ž25y²;‰Ó
Y Y
ϕ : AS −→ AS /mi = Ki

´˜˜"
T T
Ä k d pi = 0 Œ ± í Ñ mi = 0 § ù Ò L
P² ϕ ´ ü  " y 3 - bi ´ Ã n
Ž mj (j 6= i) ¦È£3‚ AS ¥¤§¿ - b = i "KnŽ b ؝¹3?ۘ
bP
‡ mi ƒ¥§l Òu AS §Œé xi ∈ bi §¦ xi = 1 "y3·‚k

xi ≡ 1 (mod. mi ) xi ≡ 0 (mod. mj ), j 6= i §
Q
ùÒL² ϕ(AS )Q¹X Ki ¥ƒ (1, 0, . . . , 0), . . . , (0, . . . , 0, 1) "duù ƒ
Œ±)¤ AS  Ki §ùÒy² ϕ ´˜˜§Ò¤ y²"

§3 “ê5và Ú)Û5và ƒméA'X

"| 9 “ê5 Š))Û5

 X ´˜‡“êõN§ X an ´§Š))ÛõN£½Â{„ "| 5¤" F

´ X þ?¿˜‡ §·‚y3‡‰8Ü F Dƒ˜‡#ÿÀ§¦ƒ¤ X an þ
˜‡ ¶TÿÀ´ù½Âµe± π : F → X 5P F  X þÝK§KŒ±
r F ÏLN f 7→ (π(f ), f ) i\ X an × F ƒ¥§u´ X an × F þÿÀÒ3 F þ
pј‡ÿÀ§ùÒ´·‚¤‡ÿÀ"Œ±†y§§¦ F ¤ X an þ˜
‡ §·‚Pƒ F 0 "l é?¿ x ∈ X §þk Fx0 = Fx ¶ F Ú F 0 «O
3u§‚ÿÀ£F 0 Ò´ F 3ëYN X an → X e_”¤"

rù‡{A^ X ( O þ§2|^ "| 6, ·K 3 §·‚ÒŒ±r O0 

Óu X an þX¼êÞ H ˜‡f "

½  2. —  F ´ X þ˜‡“ê5 "K F Š))Û5 ´ X an þù

˜‡ F an §§´de¡úª½Â

F an = F 0 ⊗O 0 H "

£†é{`§ F an ´ F 0 ÏLrXê‚*Ü H þ ¤"

 "| 10 òÿ 12

F an ´˜‡ H  §Ò´`§´˜‡)Û5 ¶¿ ¹\ O 0 → H ½Â ˜
‡;‰Ó α : F 0 → F an "

?ۓê5Ó£Ò´`§ O ‚5Ó¤

ϕ : F −→ G

ь±ÏLXê‚*Ü ½Âј‡)Û5Ó

ϕan : F an −→ G an "

ù˜5§ F an Ò´ F C¼f"

·K 10. — a) ¼f F an ´Ü"
b) é?ۓê5 F §Ó α : F 0 → F an Ñ´ü"
c) e F ´˜‡“ê5và §K F an ´˜‡)Û5và "

e F1 → F2 → F3 ´˜‡“ê5ÜS§K´„S F10 → F20 → F30 ´

ܧl Šâ·K 3 íØ 1§S

F10 ⊗O 0 H −→ F20 ⊗O 0 H −→ F30 ⊗O 0 H

´Ü§ùÒy² a)"^8 b) Ó´gù‡íØ"

 y² c)§Äk5¿ O an = H ¶u´e F ´˜‡“ê5 §¿ x´X 

˜:§K3 x ,‡ Zariski  U þ§·‚k˜‡ÜS

O q −→ O p −→ F −→ 0 "

Šâ a)§Œ±ddј‡ U þÜS

H q −→ H p −→ F an −→ 0 "

du U ´ x §¿ ‚ H ´và£"| 3, ·K 1¤§ùÒL² F an ´và

£[18], "| 15¤"

AO/§þã·KL²§XJ I ´ O ˜‡nŽ §K I an TÐÒ´ I ¥

ƒ3 H ¥¤)¤nŽ "

"| 10 òÿ

 Y ´“êõN X ˜‡ Zariski 4fN§ F ´ Y þ˜‡“ê5và "e

·‚^ F X 5P F 3 XrY þ?1"òÿ  £ë [18], "| 5¤§K F X ´ X þ
˜‡“ê5và §l Œ±½ÂÑ (F X )an ¶§´ X an þ)Û5và ",˜
¡§ F an ´ Y an þ)Û5và §l Œ±ÏL3 X an r Y an þ?1"òÿ 
˜‡# (F an )X "·‚kµ

·K 11. — (F an )X Ú (F an )X ´;‰Ó"
 "| 11 þÓN+ƒmÓ 13

ù ü ‡ 3 Y an ƒ Ñ ´ 0 § l  I y ² § ‚ 3 Y an þ   › ´ Ó   "
 x ´ Y ˜:" {zPÒ§-µ

A = OX,x , A0 = OY,x , B = HX,x , B 0 = HY,x , E = Fx "

K·‚kµ
0
x = E ⊗A B
(F an )X x = E ⊗A B "
Ú (F X )an

‚ A0 Ò´ A رnŽ a û‚§¿ Šâ "| 6, ·K 4§·‚k B 0 = B/aB =

B ⊗A A0 "ìÜþÈ(Ü5§·‚˜‡Óµ

θx : E ⊗A0 B 0 = E ⊗A0 A0 ⊗A B −→ E ⊗A B §

´„§‘X x ëY/Cz¶ùÒíÑ ·K"

·K 11 Lã ù˜‡¯µ¼f F an †r F Ó F X L§´ƒN"

"| 11 þÓN+ƒmÓ

P҆ "| 9 ƒÓ§ X ´˜‡“êõN§ F ´ X þ˜‡“ê5 § F an ´

F Š))Û5 "e U ´ X ˜‡ Zariski mf8§ s ´ F 3 U þ˜‡¡§
K·‚Œ±r s wŠ´ F 0 3 X an m8 U an þ˜‡¡ s0 §l α(s0 ) = s0 ⊗
1 ´ F an = F 0 ⊗O 0 H 3 U an þ˜‡¡"N s 7→ α(s0 ) ‰Ñ˜‡Ó

ε : Γ(U, F ) −→ Γ(U an , F an ) "

y3 U = {Ui } ´ X ˜‡k Zariski mCX§Kù Uian ¤ X an ˜‡k

mCX§·‚Pƒ Uan "Šâþ¡¤ã§é?¿˜|I i0 , . . . , iq §·‚Ñk˜
‡;‰Ó

ε : Γ(Ui0 ∩ · · · ∩ Uiq , F ) −→ Γ(Uian

0
∩ · · · ∩ Uian
q
, F an ) §

Ó
ε : C• (U, F ) −→ C• (Uan , F an ) §
PÒg [18], "| 18 "

ù‡Ó†þ>Žf d ´Œ†§l ½Â þÓN+ƒm˜|Ó

ε : Hq (U, F ) −→ Hq (Uan , F an ) "

 §ÏLé U 8B4§·‚Ò þÓN+ƒmÓ

ε : Hq (X, F ) −→ Hq (X an , F an ) "
 "| 12 KõN"½nã 14

ù ÓäkÏ~¼f5Ÿ¶§‚†?ÛÓ ϕ : F → G ь†¶ek˜‡
“ê5 ÜS

0 −→ A −→ B −→ C −→ 0 §

Ù¥ A ´và§KãLµ
δ
Hq (X, C ) −−−→ Hq+1 (X, A )
 

εy εy


δ
Hq (X, C an ) −−−→ Hq+1 (X an , A an )

´†µù´Ï§·‚oŒ± U ´@ •mCX£ë [18]¤"

"| 12 KõN"½nã

b X ´KõN§Ò´`§§´K˜m Pr (C) ¥˜‡ Zariski 4f

N"K·‚ke¡½n£y²„ ¡ˆ!¤µ

½ n 1. — éu X þ?¿“ê5và F Ú?¿ê q > 0 § "| 11 ¥¤½Â

Ó
ε : Hq (X, F ) −→ Hq (X an , F an )
Ñ´˜˜"

AO/§éu q = 0 §·‚ Γ(X, F ) Ú Γ(X an , F an ) ƒm˜‡Ó"

½ n 2. — e F Ú G ´ X þü‡“ê5và §K F an  G an ?Û)Û5
Óьd˜˜‡l F  G “ê5Ó¤Ñ"

½ n 3. — éu X an þ?Û)Û5và M §þŒé X þ˜‡“ê5v

à F §¦ F an Óu M "? §÷vù‡^‡ F 3Ó¿Âe´˜"

5) — 1. ùn‡½nL²§ X an þ)Û5và nØŸþ† X þ“ê

5và nØ´­Ü",§ùé X ´KõNœ/â´¤á§éu
•õNÒØ2¤á"

2. Œ±r ε ©)µ

Hq (X, F ) −→ Hq (X an , F 0 ) −→ Hq (X an , F an ) "

½n 1 ÚÑù˜‡¯K§= Hq (X, F ) → Hq (X an , F 0 ) ´Ø´˜˜"£‰

´Ä½"¯¢þ§eù‡Óé?¿“ê5và F Ñ´˜˜§K§é
u X £b،¤þkn¼ê~Š K = C(X) ҏ´˜˜§Ï ö´˜
và ¿8£éì [19], § 2¤¶y3éu q > 0 §·‚k Hq (X, K) = 0 § ,˜
¡§ Hq (X an , K) ´˜‡ K •þ˜m§Ù‘êu X an 1 q ‡ Betti ê"
 "| 13 ½n 1 y² 15

"| 13 ½n 1 y²

b X ®i\K˜m Pr (C) ƒ¥"er F Óu3 X ƒ ?1"òÿ 

 §K·‚£[18], "| 26¤µ

Hq (X, F ) = Hq (Pr (C), F ) Hq (X an , F an ) = Hq (Pr (C)an , F an ) §

PÒ F an ¿Âd·K 11 ¤y"l Iy²

ε : Hq (Pr (C), F ) −→ Hq (Pr (C)an , F an )

´˜˜§†é{`§¯KŒ±8( X = Pr (C) œ/"

Äky²ü‡Únµ

Ún 4. — ½n 1 éu O ´¤á"

éu q = 0 § H0 (X, O) Ú H0 (X an , O an ) Ñ´~Š¼ê8Ü"éu q > 0 §·

‚k Hq (X, O) = 0£ë [18], "| 65 , ·K 8¤¶,˜¡§Šâ Dolbeault ½n£ë
 [8]¤§ Hq (X an , O an ) ÓuK˜m X  (0, q) .þÓN+§l ´ 0 §y. 7 "

Ún 5. — ½n 1 éu O(n) ´¤á"

£O(n) ½Â„ [18], "| 54 §½öe¡ "| 16¤"

·‚é r = dim X ?18B§ r = 0 œ/´² " t ´˜‡'uàg‹
I t0 , . . . , tr š"‚5/ª§¿ E ´d§ t = 0 ¤½Â‡²¡"KkÜS

0 −→ O(−1) −→ O −→ OE −→ 0 §

Ù¥ O → OE ´›Ó§ O(−1) → O ´¦± t Ó£ë [18], "| 81¤"l§

qŒ±јXÜS£éz˜‡ n ∈ Z¤

0 −→ O(n − 1) −→ O(n) −→ OE (n) −→ 0 "

Šâ "| 11§·‚k†ãL

··· / Hq (X, O(n−1)) / Hq (X, O(n)) / Hq (E, OE (n)) / Hq+1 (X, O(n−1)) / ···
ε ε ε ε
² ² ² ²
··· / Hq (X an , O(n−1)an ) / Hq (X an , O(n)an ) / Hq (E an , OE (n)an ) / Hq+1 (X an , O(n−1)an ) / · · ·

Šâ8Bb§é?¿ q > 0 Ú?¿ n ∈ Z §Ó

ε : Hq (E, OE (n)) −→ Hq (E an , OE (n)an )

7
Œ±¦^ "| 16 ¥¤½ÂmCX5†OŽ Hq (X, O) §ùpI‡¦^ Laurent Ðmª£J.
Frenkel ™uL©Ù¤"XdKŒ±;¦^ Kähler 6/nØ"
 "| 14 ½n 2 y² 16

Ñ´˜˜"A^ʑÚnŒ§e½n 1 éu O(n) ´¤á§K§éu O(n −

1) ´¤á§‡ƒ½,"duÚn 4 ®L²§é n = 0 ´¤á§l §é¤k
 n Ñ´¤á"

y3·‚Œ±5y²½n 1§é q ¦^4ü8B{§½n3 q > 2r ž´² §

Ϗdž Hq (X, F ) Ú Hq (X an , F an ) Ñ´ 0 "Šâ [18], "| 55 , ½n 1 íا·‚k
˜‡“ê5và ÜSµ
0 −→ R −→ L −→ F −→ 0 §
Ù¥ L ´˜ Óu O(n)  †Ú¶dÚn 5 §½n 1 éu L ´¤á"

·‚k†ãLµ

Hq (X, R) / Hq (X, L ) / Hq (X, F ) / Hq+1 (X, R) / Hq+1 (X, L )

ε1 ε2 ε3 ε4 ε5
² ² ² ² ²
H (X , R )
q an an / Hq (X an , L an ) / Hq (X an , F an ) / Hq+1 (X an , R an ) / Hq+1 (X an , L an )

3ù‡ãL¥§Šâ8Bb§Ó ε4 Ú ε5 Ñ´˜˜¶ Šâc¡¤ã§ ε2

´˜˜"l ʑÚnL²§ ε3 ´÷"duù‡(Jé?¿“ê5và Ñ
¤á§l éu R ¤á§ùÒL² ε1 ´÷"2g¦^ʑÚnBŒíÑ ε3 ´˜
˜§ùÒ¤ y²"

"| 14 ½n 2 y²

 A = H omO (F , G ) ´ F  G ÓÞ £ë [18], "| 11 Ú "| 14¤"K˜‡

ƒ f ∈ Ax Ò´3 x :,‡þ F  G ˜‡ÓÞ§l Œ±½ÂÑ)Û5
F an  G an ˜‡ÓÞ f an ¶N f 7−→ f an ´d A ¤½Â A 0 £„ "| 9¤
B = H omO an (F an , G an ) ˜‡ O 0 ‚5Ó¶ù‡ÓŒ±‚5òÿ˜‡Ó
ι : A an −→ B "

Ún 6. — Ó ι : A an → B ´˜˜"

 x ∈ X "du F ´v৊â [18], "| 14§·‚kµ

Ax = HomOx (Fx , Gx ) l Axan = HomOx (Fx , Gx ) ⊗Ox Hx "

du F an ´và§l Ókµ
Bx = HomHx (Fx ⊗Ox Hx , Gx ⊗Ox Hx ) "

l ¯K8(y²Ó
ιx : HomOx (Fx , Gx ) ⊗Ox Hx −→ HomHx (Fx ⊗Ox Hx , Gx ⊗Ox Hx )
 "| 15 ½n 3 y²"˜ O 17

´˜˜§ù´g (Ox , Hx ) ´û|¯¢§ëÓN¹¥·K 21"

y3·‚5y²½n 2"ÄÓ
ε ι
H0 (X, A ) −→ H0 (X an , A an ) −→ H0 (X an , B) "

H0 (X, A )£ƒ= µ H0 (X an , B)¤¥˜‡ƒÒ´ F  G £ƒ= µ F an  G an ¤

˜‡Ó"? §e f ∈ H0 (X, A ) §KŠâ ι ½Â§·‚k ι ◦ ε(f ) = f an "l
½n 2 ƒu`§ ι ◦ ε ´˜˜"y3Šâ½n 1§ ε ´˜˜£ù´Ï A ´và
§ë [18], "| 14¤§2ŠâÚn 6§ ι ´˜˜§y²."

"| 15 ½n 3 y²"˜ O

F ˜5g½n 2"¯¢þ§e F Ú G ´ X þü‡“ê5và §¿

Ñ´¯K)§KŠâcJ^‡§3Ó g : F an → G an "l Šâ½n 2§·‚
k˜‡Ó f : F → G §¦ g = f an "- f Ø9{Ø©O´ A Ú B §KkÜ
Sµ
f
0 −→ A −→ F −→ G −→ B −→ 0 §
Šâ·K 10 a)§·‚k˜‡ÜSµ
g
0 −→ A an −→ F an −→ G an −→ B an −→ 0 "

y3 g ´˜˜§ùÒL² A an = B an = 0 §2Šâ·K 10 b)§·‚u´

 A = B = 0 §ùÒy² f ´˜˜"

ž25y² F 35"Œ±uÄ X ´K˜m Pr (C) œ/"¯¢

þ§ Y ´ X = Pr (C) ˜‡“ê4fN§ M ´ Y an þ˜‡)Û5và "
KÏL3 Y an ƒ ?1"òÿ  M X ´ X an þ˜‡)Û5và "b
½n 3 éu X ´¤á§KŒ±é X þ˜‡“ê5và G §¦ G an Ó
u M X " I = I (Y ) ´½ÂÑ4fN Y @‡vànŽ "e f ∈ Ix §K
¦± f $Ž´ Gx ˜‡gÓ ϕ ¶Ï M ´ Y an þ˜‡)Û5và §¤
± Gxan = MxX gÓ ϕan ´ 0 ¶l Šâ·K 10 b)§ ϕ u 0 "ù˜5§·‚
k I .G = 0 §ùÒ¿›X3 Y þk˜‡“ê5và F §¦ G = F X £[18], |
" 39 , ·K 3¤"Šâ·K 11§ (F an )X Óu (F X )an = G an §? Óu M X "
› Y þ§ F an Óu M §ùÒy² þ¡¤`¯œ"

"| 16 ½n 3 y²" M (n)

dc!(J§·‚Œ±b X = Pr (C) §e¡é r ?18B§ r = 0 œ/

´² "

·‚Äké?¿ n ∈ Z ½Â)Û5 M (n) Xeµ

 "| 16 ½n 3 y²" M (n) 18

 t0 , . . . , tr ´ X þàg‹IX§¿ Ui ´d ti 6= 0 ¤½Âm8"·‚± Mi
5P M 3 Ui þ›§K¦± tnj /tni N´ Mj  Mi ˜‡Ó§½Â3 Ui ∩
Uj þ"^ù Ór Mi ÅÜå5Ҍ±˜‡ M (n)£ë [18], "| 54§3@
p¦^Ӑ{½Â “ê5 ¤" M (n) ÛÜÓu M §l ´và§Ï
 M Xd¶ ·‚k˜‡;‰Ó M (n) = M ⊗H H (n) "e F ´˜‡“ê5
§Kk F an (n) = F (n)an "

Ú n 7. —  E ´ Pr (C) ¥˜‡‡²¡§ A ´ E þ˜‡)Û5và "K

éu q > 0 Ú¿©Œ n §ok Hq (E an , A (n)) = 0 "

£ù´ [3], w XVIII ¥/½n B0¤"

ì8Bb§Œ±é E þ˜‡“ê5và F §¦ A = F an §l
A (n) = F (n)an ¶Šâ½n 1§ Hq (E an , A (n)) Óu Hq (E, F (n)) §l Ún 7 
g [18], "| 65, ·K 7"

Ú n 8. —  M ´ X = Pr (C) þ˜‡)Û5và "KŒ±é˜‡

ê n(M ) §¦ n > n(M ) ž§é?¿ x ∈ X § Hx  M (n)x ьd H0 (X an , M (n))
¥ƒ¤)¤"

£ù´ [3], w XVIII ¥/½n A0¤"

Äk5¿§e H0 (X an , M (n)) Œ±)¤ M (n)x §KÓ5Ÿéu m > n 
´¤á"¯¢þ§I k ¦ x ∈ Uk ¶éz˜‡ i § θi ´ Mi þd (tk /ti )m−n
¤½ÂÓ5§Kù θi †½Â M (n) Ú M (m) @ ÅÜNŒ±†§l ‰
ј‡Ó θ : M (n) → M (m) ¶, θ 3 Uk þ´Ó§ddá(Ø"

Ùg5¿§e H0 (X an , M (n)) Œ±)¤ M (n)x §KŠâ [18], "| 12§éu¿©

C x  y §§Œ±)¤ M (n)y "

rùü‡¯œ† X an ´;(Üå5§K¯K8(y²e¡¯¢µ

é?¿ x ∈ X §þŒé˜‡ê n §6u x Ú M §¦ H0 (X an , M (n)) Œ

±)¤ M (n)x "

À½˜‡²L x ‡²¡ H §dàg§ t = 0 ¤½Â"e A (E) ´ E ¤½Â

nŽ £ë "| 3¤§Kk˜‡ÜS
0 −→ A (E) −→ H −→ HE −→ 0 "

? § A (E) Óu H (−1) §ù‡Ó H (−1) → A (E) Ò´d¦± t N

¤½Â£ëÚn 5 y²¤"

† M Üþȧ·‚qÜS
M ⊗H A (E) −→ M −→ M ⊗H HE −→ 0 "

·‚^ B 5P M ⊗H HE §¿ ^ C 5PÓ M ⊗H A (E) → M Ø£K

k C = T or1H (M , HE )¤¶du A (E) Óu H (−1) § M ⊗H A (E) Ó
 "| 16 ½n 3 y²" M (n) 19

u M (−1) §l ÜS

(1) 0 −→ C −→ M (−1) −→ M −→ B −→ 0 "

r¼f M (n) A^S (1) þ§qÜS

(2) 0 −→ C (n) −→ M (n − 1) −→ M (n) −→ B(n) −→ 0 "

 Pn ´Ó M (n) → B(n) اKS (2) Œ±©)e¡ü‡ÜS

(3) 0 −→ C (n) −→ M (n − 1) −→ Pn −→ 0 §

(4) 0 −→ Pn −→ M (n) −→ B(n) −→ 0 §

§‚©O‰ÑþÓNÜS£¥˜ã¤

(5) H1 (X an , M (n − 1)) −→ H1 (X an , Pn ) −→ H2 (X an , C (n))

(6) H1 (X an , Pn ) −→ H1 (X an , M (n)) −→ H1 (X an , B(n)) "

Šâ B Ú C ½Â§·‚k A (E).B = 0 Ú A (E).C = 0 §ùL² B Ú C Ñ

´‡²¡ E þ)Û5và "y3¦^Ún 7 §KŒ±é˜‡ê n0 §¦
 n > n0 žþk H1 (X an , B(n)) = 0 Ú H2 (X an , C (n)) = 0 "u´ÜS (5) Ú (6)
‰Ñ e¡Øª

(7) dim H1 (X an , M (n − 1)) > dim H1 (X an , Pn ) > dim H1 (X an , M (n)) "

Šâ [5] £ë [3], w XVII¤§ù ‘êÑ´k"ddŒ§ n >

n0 ž§ dim H1 (X an , M (n)) ´ n ˜‡4ü¼ê¶l Œ±é˜‡ê n1 > n0 §
¦¼ê dim H1 (X an , M (n)) 3 n > n1 ž´~Š"u´éu n > n1 §·‚k

(8) dim H1 (X an , M (n)) = dim H1 (X an , Pn ) = dim H1 (X an , M (n)) "

Ϗ n1 > n0 §¤±k H1 (X an , B(n)) = 0 §u´ÜS (6) L²§ H1 (X an , Pn )

→ H1 (X an , M (n)) ´÷¶, Šâ (8)§ùü‡•þ˜mäkƒÓ‘ê¶l T
ӏ´ü§2dÜS (4) ¤‰ÑþÓNÜSŒ 8 µéu n > n1 §
Ó

(9) H0 (X an , M (n)) −→ H0 (X an , B(n))

Ñ´÷"
8
Œ±wѧùÒ´ Kodaira-Spencer y² Lefschetz ½n{£ë [12]¤"
 "| 17 ½n 3 y²( 20

y3·‚À˜‡ê n > n1 §¦ H0 (X an , B(n)) Œ±)¤ B(n)x ¶ù´Œ

±‰§Ï B ´ E þ˜‡)Û5và §Ï äk G an /G§Šâ
½n 1§ H0 (X an , B(n)) = H0 (X, G (n)) §¿  n v Œž§ H0 (X, G (n)) Œ±)
¤ G (n)x §ë [18], "| 55, ½n 1"

âd§·‚`ê n Ò÷v·‚‡¦"¯¢þ§ {zPÒ§- A =

Hx , M = M (n)x , p = A (E)x §¿ N ´d H0 (X an , M (n)) 3 M ¥¤)¤ A f
"Kk B(n)x = M (n)x ⊗Hx HE,x = M ⊗A A/p = M/pM ¶,˜¡§Šâþ¡
¤ã§ N 3 M/pM ¥;‰”Œ±)¤ M/pM "ù‡¯Œ±¤ M = N + pM §
,Òk M = N + mM £m ´Û܂ A 4ŒnŽ¤§ùÒL² M = N £N¹,
·K 24, íؤ§u´¤ Ún 8 y²"

"| 17 ½n 3 y²(

Eb M ´ X = Pr (C) þ˜‡)Û5và "ìÚn 8§Œ±é˜‡

ê n §¦ M (n) Óu H p û §l M Óu H (−n)p û "e·‚
^ L0 5P“ê5và O(−n)p §KkÜS

0 −→ R −→ L0an −→ M −→ 0 §

Ù¥ R ´˜‡)Û5và "

é R ¦^Ӑ{§qŒ±˜‡“ê5và L1 ژ‡)Û5÷Ó
 L1an → R "l kÜS
g
L1an −→ L0an −→ M −→ 0 "

Šâ½n 2§Œ±é˜‡Ó f : L1 → L0 §¦ g = f an "e·‚^ F 5

P f {اKkÜSµ
f
L1 −→ L0 −→ F −→ 0 §

2|^·K 10§q˜‡ÜSµ
g
L1an −→ L0an −→ F an −→ 0 §

ùÒL² M Óu F an §Ï ¤ ½n 3 y²"

§4 A^

"| 18 Betti ê“êá5

 σ ´ C ˜‡gÓ¶éu Pr (C) ¥˜‡àg‹I t0 , . . . , tr : x §·

‚± xσ 5Pàg‹I´ tσ0 , . . . , tσr :¶Ï σ ½ÂÑ Pr (C) þ˜‡˜†"
 "| 19 Chow ½n 21

e X ´ Pr (C) ¥˜‡ Zariski 4fN§K§3 σ eC†N X σ E,´ Pr (C) ¥

˜‡ Zariski 4fN¶e X vkÛÉ:§K X σ ´Xd£'XŒ±¦^ Jacobi 
O{¤"

·K 12. – e X vkÛÉ:§K X Ú X σ  Betti êƒ"

 bn (X) ´ X 1 n ‡ Betti ꧿ Ω p (X)an ´ X þ p X‡©/ªÞ

"-µ
hp,q (X) = dim Hq (X an , Ω p (X)an ) "

Šâ Dolbeault ½n (ëì [8])§·‚kµ

X
bn (X) = hp,q (X) §
p+q=n

Ókµ X
bn (X σ ) = hp,q (X σ ) "
p+q=n

, §Šâ½n 1§·‚k hp,q (X) = dim Hq (X, Ω p (X)) §ùp Ω p (X) ´ X

þ p ~‡©/ªÞ“ê5và § Ók hp,q (X σ ) = dim Hq (X σ , Ω p (X σ )) "
? §e ω ´ X ,‡ Zariski mf8 U þ˜‡~‡©/ª§K‡©/ª ω σ 3
X σ  Zariski mf8 U σ þ´~¶ddŒ§éu X ?¿ Zariski mCX U § σ
ѽ C(U, Ω p (X))  C(Uσ , Ω p (X σ )) þ˜‡†‚‚5Ó§l ½Â Hq (U,
Ω p (X σ ))  Hq (Uσ , Ω p (X σ )) þ˜‡†‚‚5Ó§? ½Â Hq (X, Ω p (X)) 
Hq (X σ , Ω p (X σ )) þ†‚‚5Ó§·‚k hp,q (X) = hp,q (X σ ) §ùÒy² ·
K"

d·K 12 Œ±e¡(J§ùQ´ A. Weil ˜‡ßŽµ

í Ø. –  V ´˜‡²wKõN§½Â3,‡“êê K þ"Kd V ÏL
r K i\ C ½ÂÑ5E6/ X  Betti ê¿Ø6ui\ÀJ"

¯¢þ§·‚ K  C ?Ûü‡i\у C ˜‡gÓ"

5) — ŠöØ6/ X Ú X σ ´Äo´Ó¶ØL§º‚ 1 ­‚~

f®²L²§§‚¿šo´)ÛÓ"

"| 19 Chow ½n

ù´e¡(J (ëì [6])µ

·K 13. – K˜m4)Ûf8Ñ´“ê"

ùŒ±l½n 3 íÑ5"¯¢þ§ X ´˜‡K˜m§¿ Y ´ X an ˜‡

4)Ûf8"Šâþ¡¤J Cartan ½n ( "| 3, ·K 1)§ HY = HX /A (Y )
´ X an þ˜‡)Û5và ¶l Œ±é X þ˜‡“ê5và F (½
 "| 20 “ê5n‘mÚ)Û5n‘m 22

n 3)§¦ HY = F an "Šâ·K 10, b)§ F an |8u F |8£„P§ë

ì [18], "| 81§ F |8Ò´¦ Fx 6= 0 @ : x ∈ X 8ܤ§l ´ Zariski 4
§Ï F ´và"du F an = HY §ùÒ¿›X Y ´ Zariski 4§y²
."

y3·‚Ñ Chow ½nA‡{üA^µ

·K 14. – e X ´˜‡“êõN§K X ;)Ûf8 X 0 Ñ´“ê"

E¦^·K 6 y²¥PÒµ Y ´˜‡KõN§ U ´ Y ˜‡f8§

3 Y ¥´ Zariski ȗm§ f : U → X ´˜‡~÷N§¿ §㔠T 3 X ×
Y ¥´ Zariski 4" T 0 = T ∩ (X 0 × Y ) ¶Ï X 0 Ú Y Ñ´;§¿ T ´4
§¤± T 0 ´;¶l T 0 3Ïf Y þÝK Y 0 ´Xd",˜¡§ Y 0 =
f −1 (X 0 ) §ùÒy² Y 0 ´ U ˜‡)Ûf8§l ´ Y )Ûf8¶dž Chow ½
nL² Y 0 ´ Y ˜‡ Zariski 4f8"r·K 7 A^ f : Y 0 → X þ§KŒ±í
Ñ X 0 = f (Y 0 ) 3 X ¥´ Zariski 4"y²."

· K 15. – l˜‡;“êõN X ,˜‡“êõN Y ?ÛXN f Ñ´

~"

 T ´ f 3 X × Y ¥ã”"KϏ f ´X§¤± T ´ X × Y ˜‡;)Û

f8¶u´·K 14 L² T ´“ê§2Šâ·K 8§ f ´~"

íØ. – 3˜‡;)ÛõNþ–õk˜‡“êõN("

"| 20 “ê5n‘mÚ)Û5n‘m

 G ´˜‡“ê+§ X ´˜‡“êõN" X  G N~NÞ¤˜‡

+ §˜„Ø´ Abel §·‚Pƒ G "

·‚§e A ´˜‡+ §KŒ±½Â+ H0 (X, A ) Ú8Ü H1 (X, A ) µ ëì

[9]§ëw'X` [10], 1 V Ù"AO/§ H1 (X, G ) ´k½Â¶ù‡8Ü¥
ƒÒ´. X (+ G “êÌn‘mÓa£3 A. Weil ¿Âe§ëì
[20]¤"Þ~5`§ H1 (X, OX ) ¥ƒÒ´±\{+ C (+n‘mÓa"

Ó/§e G an ´ X  G XNÞ §K H1 (X an , G an ) ¥ƒÒ´.

 X (+ G )Ûn‘mÓa"?ۓên‘m E ѽ ˜‡)Ûn
‘m E an §k˜‡N

ε : H1 (X, G ) −→ H1 (X an , G an ) §

ù† "| 11 aq"

·K 16. – e X ´;§KN ε ´ü"

 E Ú E 0 ´ ü ‡ “ ê Ì n ‘ m § .   X § (  +  G " · K 16 ¿ › X §
e E Ú E 0 ´)ÛÓ§K§‚´“êÓ"¢Sþ§·‚e¡‡y²˜
 "| 20 “ê5n‘mÚ)Û5n‘m 23

‡[—(J§=?Û)ÛÓ ϕ : E → E 0 Ñ´“êÓ£Ò´`§~
Ó¤"

˜m E × E 0 ´˜‡“êÌn‘m§. X × X §(+ G × G ¶·‚

^ (E, E 0 ) 5P§3é‚N X → X × X e_”µùÒ´ E Ú E 0 /n‘
È0" G × G 3 G þŠ^´µ
−1
(g, g 0 ).h = ghg 0 "

 T ´Ìn‘m (E, E 0 ) ù˜‡án‘m§§n‘.´+ G § ‘kþ

¡¤½ÂŠ^"·‚á=wѧ T ¡˜˜éAX E  E 0 Ó¶AO/§Ó
 ϕ éAX T ˜‡)Û¡ s "r·K 15 A^ s : X → T þ§K·‚w s ´
~§ùÒ¿›X ϕ ´~§y² ·K"

y3b X ´˜‡KõN"·‚Œ±¯µ ε : H1 (X, G ) → H1 (X an , G an ) ´Ø

´˜˜§†é{`£k„u·K 16¤§´Ä)Ûn‘mÑ´“êºù²w´Ø
é§Øš·‚3 G þN\˜ ^‡§'X G ´ Abel N£½k+¤‡~ÒL²
ù˜:¶3e¡ù ·K¥§·‚ò‰Ñ˜ U ’½‰Y+ G "

·K 17. – e G ´\{+ C §KN ε ´˜˜"

¯¢þ§dž·‚k G = O Ú G an = O an §Ï ù‡·K´½n 1 ˜‡AϜ

/"

·K 18. – e G ´˜„‚5+ GLn (C) §KN ε ´˜˜"

˜‡± GLn (C) (+Ìn‘mŒ±§äkn‘. Cn á•þm¤

û½"l k„u•þmÚÛÜgd ƒm˜˜éA£'Xëì [18], "| 41¤§¯K
8(y²e¡¯¢µ

e M ´ X an þ˜‡)Û5và §¿ ÛÜÓu H n §KŒ±é X þ

˜‡“ê5và F §ÛÜÓu O n § ¦ F an Óu M "

Šâ½n 3§Œ±é X þ˜‡“ê5và F §§÷v1‡^‡"l

é?¿ x ∈ X § Hx  Fxan = Fx ⊗Ox Hx ÑÓu Hxn ¶rN¹¥·K 30 A^
‚ A = Ox , A0 = Hx Ú E = Fx þ§KŒ±í Fx Óu Oxn ¶qϏ F ´và
§ùÒL«` F ÛÜÓu O n §¤ y²"

5 ) 1. – éu n = 1 § GLn (C) Ò´¦{+ C∗ ¶e·‚b X ´˜‡5õ

N§K+ H1 (X, G ) Ò´Û܂5du 0 Øfa+ (ëì [20], § 3)§¿ ·
K 18 ¿›X?Û. X (+ C∗ )Ûn‘mÑ5gu˜‡ùØf"X
J X vkÛÉ:§Kù‡(J´d Kodaira-Spencer [12] ¤¶3ù‡œ/e§
§3Ÿþdu Lefschetz 'u‰½ÓNaØf35½n"

2. |^·K 18 ·‚„Œ±r Kodaira Ù§˜ (J*Ð?¿KõN

þ£#NkÛÉ:¤¶AO/§'X` [11] ¥½n 7 Ú 8"·‚Ø2˜˜rN"

y3 G ´˜‡“ê+§ H ´ G ˜‡“êf+¶·‚£'Xëì [13]¤§

3à5˜m G/H þŒ±N\˜‡“êõN(§§´ G þõN(û"
 "| 20 “ê5n‘mÚ)Û5n‘m 24

+ H ±m²£ªŠ^3 G þ¶·‚òbù‡Š^3 G þ½Â ˜‡“êÌn

‘m(§.´ G/H §(+´ H §ùƒu`§·‚b3˜‡kn
¡ G/H → G£ù¿šo´¤á§ ¡ò¬wù˜:¤"3ù‡cJ^‡e§·
‚ke¡(J§ù´ A. Grothendieck wŠŠö§ëÓÙy²§

· K 19. –  X ´˜‡;“êõN§ P ´˜‡)ÛÌn‘m§(+´ H §

.´ X "K ¦ P ´“ê§7L Id P ÏL(+l H  G *Ü 
Ñn‘m P ×H G ´“ê"

7‡5´²w" y²¿©5§b P ×H G ´“ê"ùÒ¿›X·‚

k˜‡± G (+“êÌn‘m P0 §Ú˜‡)ÛÓ h : P0 → P ×H G "
Äù˜‡n‘m E £ƒ= µ E0 ¤§§´ P ×H G£ƒ= µ P0 ¤ám§n‘.
´ G/H §¿ G 3ÙþŠ^´²£"·‚kµ

E0 = P0 ×G G/H E = (P ×H G) ×G G/H = P ×H G/H "

)ÛÓ h ½Â ˜‡)ÛÓ f : E0 → E ", n‘m E = P ×H G/H äk

˜‡;‰¡ s §Ï+ H ¦ G/H ¥@‡éAu G ¥5:±ØÄ"Ó
 f r s =z E0 ˜‡¡ s0 = f −1 ◦ s ¶¡ s0 ´X§l ´~§ù´
Šâ·K 15"

,˜¡§Ï G Œ±Š^3 P0 þ§¤± H ´Xd§¿ P0 /H fÐÒ´ E0 ¶

äN5`§ P0 ´˜‡“êÌn‘m§(+ H §. E0 µù‡¯éN´
y§Ï¯K´ÛÜ5§¿Œ|^ G ´˜‡. G/H (+ H “êÌ
n‘mù‡^‡"y3 P1 = s−1
0 (P0 ) ´ P0 3N s0 : X → E0 e_”¶n‘
m P1 ´˜‡“êÌn‘m§. X §(+ H "e¡·‚y² P1 )ÛÓ
u P §ùҌ±y²·‚·K"

'Xª s0 = f −1 ◦ s£ëÓ f ´˜‡)ÛÓ¯¢¤L²§ P1 = s−1

0 (P0 ) α)
ÛÓu P ×H G£wŠ´± H (+Ìn‘m¤3N s : X → E e_”"
, ù‡_”fÐÒ´ P §e¡†ãLÒL² ù˜:µ
P −−−→ P ×H G
 
 
y y
s
X −−−→ E = P ×H G/H "

ùÒ¤ y²"

(Ü·K 18 Ú 19§·‚µ

·K 20. –  G ´+ GLn (C) ˜‡“êf+§ ÷ve¡^‡µ

(R) – 3˜‡kn¡ GLn (C)/G → GLn (C) "

Ké?¿KõN X §Nµ

ε : H1 (X, G ) −→ H1 (X an , G an )
 "| 21 ²" 25

Ñ´˜˜"

~f — ^‡ (R) 3e¡ùA‡œ¹e´¤áµ
a) G ´Œ)§ù´â Rosenlicht ˜‡½n§[13]¶
b) G = SLn (C) §džkn¡´²w¶
c) G =PSpn (C) § n = 2m ¶3ù‡œ/e§à5˜m GLn (C)/G Ò´dšòz
†/ª aij xi ∧ xj ¤|¤˜m§¿ ^‡ (R) ge¡¯¢µ˜„ 
Pi<j
†/ª uij xi ∧ xj Œ±ÏL˜‡Xê3 C(uij ) ¥‚5CþO†z;‰/
i<j
P
m
ª x2i−1 ∧ x2i "
i=1

 ùü‡~fÚÑ ù˜‡ßŽ§=´Ø´^‡ (R) éu¤küëÏŒü

+ G Ñ´¤áº

ƒ‡/§·‚Œ±y²§AÏ+ G = O+ n (C) Ø÷v^‡ (R)§‡ n > 3 "

ŠöØ3ù‡œ¹eN ε : H (X, G ) → H (X an , G an ) ´Ø´˜˜"
1 1

N ¹

·‚be¡¤Ñy‚Ñ´†§¿ ¹ü ¶‚þÑ´ü 
"

"| 21 ²"

½Â 3. –  B ´˜‡ A "¤¢ B ´ A ²"£½{¡²"¤§´éu A 

?¿ÜSµ
E −→ F −→ G
S
E ⊗A B −→ F ⊗A B −→ G ⊗A B
Ñ´Ü"

Šâ¼f Tor ½Â§þã^‡du`§é?¿ A  Q §þk TorA 1 (B, Q) =

0 ¶ d u Tor † 8 B 4  Œ  † §  Œ  u  Ä Q ´ k  .   œ / § $ – Œ
±£/Ï Tor ÜS¤uÄü’ Q œ/¶ù˜5§ ¦ B ´ A ²
"§7L Iéu A ?¿nŽ a §þk TorA 1 (B, A/a) = 0 §†é{`§;‰
Ó a ⊗A B → B ´ü"

~f — 1. e A ´˜‡ÌnŽ‚§Kdþ¡¤ãŒ§/ B ´ A ²"0d
u/ B ´ÃL0"

2. e S ´‚ A ˜‡¦5f8§K©ª‚ AS ´ A ²"§ù´Šâ [18], "| 48,

Ún 1"
 "| 22 û| 26

 A Ú B ´ü‡‚§¿ θ : A → B ´ A  B ˜‡Ó§ù‡ÓDƒ B ˜
‡ A ("e E Ú F ´ü‡ A §K E ⊗A B Ú F ⊗A B þёk B ("?
§e f : E → F ´˜‡Ó§K f ⊗ 1 ´ E ⊗A B  F ⊗A B ˜‡ B Ó§ù·
‚Ò ˜‡;‰ A ‚5Nµ

HomA (E, F ) −→ HomB (E ⊗A B, F ⊗A B) §

§Œ±‚5òÿ˜‡ B ‚5Nµ

ι : HomA (E, F ) ⊗A B −→ HomB (E ⊗A B, F ⊗A B) "

· K 21. – e A ´ Noether ‚§ E ´k. A §¿ B ´ A ²"§Kþ¡¤

½ÂÓ ι ´˜˜"

éu˜‡½ A  F §·‚-µ

T (E) = HomA (E, F ) ⊗A B Ú T 0 (E) = HomB (E ⊗A B, F ⊗A B) §

Xd˜5 ι ´¼f T (E) ¼f T 0 (E) ˜‡Ó"

éu E = A §·‚k T (E) = T 0 (E) = F ⊗A B §¿ ι ´˜˜" E ´˜‡k

.gdž´Xd"

, ‚ A ´ Noether §¿ E ´k.§l ·‚k˜‡ÜSµ

L1 −→ L0 −→ E −→ 0 §

Ù¥ L0 Ú L1 Ñ´k.gd"ĆãLµ
0 −−−→ T (E) −−−→ T (L0 ) −−−→ T (L1 )
  

ιy

ι0 y

ι1 y

0 −−−→ T 0 (E) −−−→ T 0 (L0 ) −−−→ T 0 (L1 ) "

ù‡ãL1˜1´Ü§ù´Šâ B ´ A ²"ù‡¯¢¶11´Ü
§ù´Šâ¼f ⊗ Ú Hom Ä5Ÿ"·‚®² ι0 Ú ι1 Ñ´˜˜§ùÒ`
² ι ´˜˜§y²."

"| 22 û|

½  4. –  A ´˜‡‚§ B ´˜‡¹ A ‚"¤¢| (A, B) ´û§

´ B/A Š A ´²""

·‚kµ

· K 22. –  ¦˜‡| (A, B) ´û§7L I B ´ A ²"§¿

e5Ÿƒ˜´¤áµ
 "| 22 û| 27

a)£ƒ= µa0 )¤é?¿ A £ƒ= µ é?¿k. A ¤E §Ó E → E ⊗A

B Ñ´ü"
a00 ) éu A ?¿nŽ a §þk aB ∩ A = a "

e E ´˜‡?¿ A §KdÜSµ

0 −→ A −→ B −→ B/A −→ 0 §

Œ±ÚÑÜSµ

1 (A, E) −→ Tor1 (B, E) −→ Tor1 (B/A, E) −→ A ⊗A E −→ B ⊗A E "

TorA A A

k„u A ⊗A E = E Ú TorA
1 (A, E) = 0 ¯¢§·‚qÜSµ

0 −→ TorA
1 (B, E) −→ Tor1 (B/A, E) −→ E −→ E ⊗A B "
A

l ·‚w§ ¦ TorA 1 (B/A, E) u 0 §7L I TorA

1 (B, E) u 0 ¿
Ó E → E ⊗A B ´ü¶·KŒddá£5¿5Ÿ a ) ƒu`Ó A/a →
00

A/a ⊗A B ´ü¤"

·K 23. –  A ⊆ B ⊆ C ´n‡‚"e| (A, C) Ú (B, C) Ñ´û§K

| (A, B) ´Xd"

Äky² B ´ A ²"§†é{`§e·‚k A ˜‡ÜSµ

0 −→ E −→ F §

KSµ 0 → E ⊗A B → F ⊗A B Ó´Ü"

 N ´Ó E ⊗A B → F ⊗A B اKϏ C ´ B ²"§¤±·‚kÜS

µ
0 −→ N ⊗B C −→ (E ⊗A B) ⊗B C −→ (F ⊗A B) ⊗B C "

, §ŠâÜþÈ(Ü5§ (E⊗A B)⊗B C Œ±Óu E⊗A C §Ó/§ (F ⊗A

B) ⊗B C Œ±Óu F ⊗A C "? §du C ´ A ²"§Ó E ⊗A C →
F ⊗A C ´ü"Ï N ⊗B C = 0 §¿ er·K 22 A^| (B, C) þ§K·
‚w N = 0 §ùÒy² B ´ A ²""

,˜¡§e E ´˜‡?¿ A §KܤÓµ E → E ⊗A B → E ⊗A C ´ü

£Ï| (A, C) ´û¤§, E → E ⊗A B ´Xd§ùÒy² 
| (A, B) ÷v·K 22 ¥¤k^‡§y²."

5) — ÓnŒy§e (A, B) Ú (B, C) Ñ´û§K (A, C) ´Xd"ƒ‡

/§=¦ (A, B) Ú (A, C) Ñ´û§ (B, C) Ø˜½Xd"
 "| 23 Û܂þ 28

"| 23 Û܂þ

3ù˜!¥§·‚^ A 5P˜‡ Noether Û܂ 9 §4ŒnŽ´ m "

·K 24. – e˜‡k. A  E ÷v'Xª E = mE §Kk E = 0 "

£'Xëì [15], p. 138 ½ [4], w I¤"

b E 6= 0 §¿ e1 , . . . , en ´ E ˜‡)¤|§ äk‡êƒ"K
Ϗ en ∈ mE §¤±·‚k en = x1 e1 + · · · + xn en §Ù¥ xi ∈ m §

(1 − xn )xn = x1 e1 + · · · + xn−1 en−1 ¶

du 1 − xn 3 A ¥´Œ_§ùÒL² e1 , . . . , en−1 ®²Œ±)¤ E §†·‚é n 

bgñ"

í Ø. –  E ´˜‡k. A "e E ˜‡f F ÷v'Xª E = F + mE §

Kk E = F "

¯¢þ§ù‡'Xª¿›X E/F = m(E/F ) "

·‚‰?Û A  E ÑDƒ m ?ÿÀ§Ãf mn E ¤ 0 ˜‡Ä| (ëì

[15], p. 153)"

·K 25. –  E ´˜‡k. A "Kkµ

a) 3 E ˜‡f F þ§d E  m ?ÿÀ¤pÿÀ† F  m ?ÿÀ´­Ü
"
b) E ?Ûf3 E  m ?ÿÀeÑ´4£AO/§ E ´©l¤"

(ëì [15], cÚ§Œ±ë [3], w VIII bis)"

{‡ES˜eù‡·Ky²"Äky² a)§{´ù§½ö¦^Oƒ©)
nØ (Krull, ëì [15])§½ö阇ê r §¦

 n > r ž F ∩ mn E = mn−r (F ∩ mr E) (Artin, Rees, ëì [4], w 2)"

e5y² E ´©lµr a) A^ 0 3 E ¥4 F þ§·‚w F = mF §

 F = 0 §ù´Šâ·K 24"2rù‡(JA^ E ûþ§ÒŒ±íÑ b)"

E E ´˜‡k. A § E bÚA
b ©O´ E Ú A 3 m ?ÿÀez"KV
‚5N A × E → E Œ±ëYòÿ˜‡N A b× E
b→E b §§¦ E
b ¤˜‡ A
b "
b ;‰¹\Œ±‚5òÿ˜‡Óµ
l E E
b −→ E
ε : E ⊗A A b "

·K 26. – éu?¿k. A  E §þ¡¤½ÂÓ ε Ñ´˜˜"

9
¢Sþ§ ü‡!¥(JŒ±Ø\UC/·^u¤k Zariski ‚ (ëì [15], p. 157)"
 "| 24 Û܂û^‡ 29

 0 → R → L → E → 0 ´ A ˜‡ÜS§Ù¥ L ´˜‡k.gd"
Kdu A ´ Noether § R ´k.¶,˜¡§·K 25 L²§ R þ m ?
ÿÀÒud L þ m ?ÿÀ¤pÿÀ§¿ ´„ E þ m ?ÿÀÒ´ L û
ÿÀ¶duù ÿÀÑ´Œ±Ýþz§Œddј‡ÜSµ
b −→ L
0 −→ R b −→ E
b −→ 0 "

y3ĆãLµ

R ⊗A A b −−−→ L ⊗A Ab −−−→ E ⊗A A
b −−−→ 0
  
  
ε00 y ε0 y εy

b
R −−−→ b
L −−−→ b
E −−−→ 0 "

ù‡ãLü1Ѵܧ,˜¡§´„ ε0 ´˜˜"ddŒ±íÑ ε ´÷
£†é{`§·‚k E b = A.E
b § ëì [15], p. 153, Ún 1¤"ù‡(JQ,é?
¿k. A Ñ´é§ÒŒ±A^ R þ§ùÒy² ε00 ´÷§2¦^ʑÚ
n§ÒŒ±íÑ ε ´˜˜§y²."

"| 24 Û܂û^‡

±e¤ÄÛ܂Ѵ Noether "

b ´§z"K| (A, A)
·K 27. –  A ´˜‡Û܂§ A b ´û"

Äk§ Ab ´ A ²""¯¢þ§Iy²e E → F ´ü§K E ⊗A A b → F ⊗A

b
A ´Xd§·‚$–Œ±b E Ú F Ñ´k."3dœ/e§·K 26 L
b Œ±Óu E
²§ E ⊗A A b §Ó/§ F ⊗A A
b Œ±Óu Fb §l þ¡ù‡¯g
b
e¡ù‡w,¯¢µ= E Œ±i\ F ¥" b

Ó/§d E → E b ´ü£Ï E ´k.¤Œ§| (A, A)

b ÷v·
K 22 ¥5Ÿ a0 )§l §‚´˜‡û|"

y3 A Ú B ´ü‡Û܂§ θ ´ A  B ˜‡Ó"b θ r A 4ŒnŽN

 B 4ŒnŽ¥"K θ ´ëY§¿ Œ±ëYòÿ˜‡Ó θb : A b→B
b"

· K 28. – b θb : A
b→B
b ´˜˜§¿ ·‚r A ²d θ Óu B f‚"K
| (A, B) ´û"
b=A
·‚k A ⊆ B ⊆ B b §¿ | (A, A)
b Ú (B, B)
b Ñ´û§ù´Šâþ
ã·K"u´·K 23 L²§ (A, B) ´˜‡û|"

· K 29. –  A Ú B ´ü‡Û܂§ a ´ A ˜‡nŽ§¿ θ ´ A  B ˜

‡Ó"e θ ÷v·K 28 ¥cJ^‡§K θ ¤½Â A/a  B/θ(a)B ӏ´
Xd£ùÒL²| (A/a, B/θ(a)B) ´û¤"
 30

b A
Šâ·K 26§ A/a zÒ´ A/a b §Ó/§ B/θ(a)B zÒ´ B/θ(a)
b Bb§
(Ø"

· K 30. –  A Ú A0 ´ü‡Û܂§ θ ´ A  A0 ˜‡Ó§ ÷v·K 28 ¥

cJ^‡§¿ E ´˜‡k. A "u´e A0  E 0 = E ⊗A A0 Óu A0 n §
K E Óu An "

·‚r A ²d θ Óu A0 ˜‡f‚"l e± m Ú m0 5P A Ú A0 4Œn

Ž§Kk m ⊆ m0 ¶,˜¡§Ï m0 ´ 0 3 A0 ¥˜‡§¿ A 3 A0 ¥´È
—§¤±k A0 = m0 + A §ùÒy² A/m = A0 /m0 § E/mE = E 0 /m0 E 0 "
Ϗ A0  E 0 ´˜‡ n gd§¤± A0 /m0  E 0 /m0 E 0 ´Xd"ddŒ§·‚
Œ±À E ¥ n ‡ƒ e1 , . . . , en §¦§‚3 E/mE ¥”¤ E/mE ˜‡Ä
.§=Š A/m þ•þ˜m"à ei ½Â ˜‡Ó f : An → E § §´÷
§ù´â·K 24 íØ"e¡·‚y² f ´ü§ùÒy² ù‡·K"

 N ´ f Ø"Äu| (A, A0 ) ´ûù‡¯¢ (·K 28)§dÜSµ

f
0 −→ N −→ An −→ E −→ 0 §

Œ±ÚÑÜSµ
f0
0 −→ N 0 −→ A0 −→ E 0 −→ 0 "
n

du E 0 ´gd§ N 0 ´ A0 n ˜‡†ÚÏf§¿ ·‚kÜSµ

0 −→ N 0 /m0 N 0 −→ A0 /m0 A0 −→ E 0 /m0 E 0 −→ 0 "

n n

, §¦^ÓE{§ f 0 ½Â A0 n /m0 A0 n  E 0 /m0 E 0 þ˜‡˜˜N

"ddŒ N 0 /m0 N 0 = 0 § N 0 = 0 (·K 24)§? k N = 0 §Ï
| (A, A0 ) ´û§y²."

ë©z

[1] Cartan, H., Idéaux et modules de fonctions analytiques de variables complexes,

Bull. Soc. Math. France, 78, 1950, p. 29-64.

[2] Cartan, H., Séminaire E.N.S., 1951-1952.

[3] Cartan, H., Séminaire E.N.S., 1953-1954.

[4] Cartan, H. et Chevalley, C., Séminaire E.N.S., 1955-1956.

[5] Cartan, H. et Serre, J.-P., Un théorème de finitude concernant les variétés analy-
tiques compactes, C. R., 237, 1953, p. 128-130.
 31

[6] Chow, W-L., On compact complex analytic varieties, Amer. J. of Maths., 71, 1949,
p. 893-914.

[7] Chow, W-L., On the projective embedding of homogeneous varieties, Lefschetz’s

volume, Princeton, 1956.

[8] Dolbeault, P., Sur la cohomologie des variétés analytiques complexes, C. R., 236,
1953, p. 175-177.

[9] Frenkel, J., Cohomologie à valeurs dans un faisceau non abélien, C. R., 240, 1955,
pp. 2368-2370.

[10] Grothendieck, A., A general theory of fibre spaces with structure sheaf, Kansas
Univ., 1955.

[11] Kodaira, K., On Kähler varieties of restricted type (an intrinsic characterization
of algebraic varieties), Ann. of Maths., 60, 1954, p. 28-48.

[12] Kodaira, K. and Spencer, D. C., Divisor class groups on algebraic varieties, Proc.
Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 39, 1953, p. 972-877.

[13] Rosenlicht, M., Some basic theorems on algebraic groups, Amer. J. of Maths., 78,
1956, p. 401-443.

[14] Rückert, W., Zum Eliminationsproblem der potenzreihenidéale, Math. Ann., 107,
1933, pp. 259-281.

[15] Samuel, P., Commutative Algebra (Notes by D. Herzig, Cornell Univ., 1953.

[16] Samuel, P., Algèbre locale, Mém. Sci. Math., 123, Paris, 1953.

[17] Samuel, P., Méthodes d’algèbre abstraite en géométrie algébrique, Ergebn. der
Math., Springer, 1955.

[18] Serre, J.-P., Faisceaux algébriques cohérents, Ann. of Maths., 61, 1955, p. 197-278.

[19] Serre, J.-P., Sur la cohomologie des variétés algébriques, J. de Math. Pure et Appl.,
35, 1956.

[20] Weil, A., Fibre-spaces in algebraic geometry (Notes by A. Wallace), Chicago Univ.,
1952.