SEQUENCE & SERIES Rg.

2019 - 2021

PREFACE

Why are we studying “sequence and series”?

Valid question,

If we don’t know the answer to this question we will never put an honest effort in understanding any
concept no matter how beautiful it may be. So let us present you a to the point answer.

1) Sequences and series are useful in the same way geometry is useful. There are things in the
world that can be represented by circles and squares similarly and there are things that can be
represented as sequences and series. For example when you stand between two parallel
mirrors how many reflections are there?

2) Series involve one of the most powerful ideas in mathematics. In particular, power series are
amazingly useful for doing all kinds of things like approximations of functions necessary in all
computer applications. For example, how to evaluate a near approximate value of π, or rather
what
is π?

3) Search on net how the bass and treble knobs on the stereos work. The answer lies in Fourier
series, one of the coolest series you are going to study in later stages.

4) In probability, one runs into series quite a bit. Consider the following problem. You throw a 6-
sided die until either a six comes up, and you win, or a one comes up, and you lose. By
symmetry, it is clear that you have a 50% chance of winning. Another way to look at it is the
following. The probability that you will win in exactly n throws of the die is ((4/6)^(n-1)) * (1/6)
So, the probability that you will win is the infinite series, where we sum the above expression as
n runs from 1 to infinity. This is a nice geometric series, and its sum is (as it has to be) 1/2.

5) Last but not the least this chapter provides perfect platform for solving a number of questions
asked in competitive exams as well as boards. In a nutshell it is amongst favorite chapter of
paper setters.

Have fun!
Math’s Deptt.
IITian’s Pace

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CONTENTS

SR. NO. TITLE PAGE NO.



1 THEORY 57 – 75

2 EXERCISE – 1(A) 76 – 81

3 EXERCISE – 1(B) 82 – 86

4 EXERCISE – 1(C) 87 – 92

5 WINDOW TO JEE MAIN 93 – 94

6 EXERCISE – 2(A) 95 – 100

7 EXERCISE – 2(B) 101 – 107

8 EXERCISE – 2(C) 108 – 111

9 EXERCISE – 3 112 – 116

10 WINDOW TO JEE ADVANCED 117 – 121

11 ANSWERS KEY 122 – 125

SEQUENCES & SERIES : Tentative Lecture Flow

(Board Syllabus & Booklet Discussion Included)
Lecture no.1 Arithmetic progression, geometric progression
Lecture no.2 Harmonic progression, AGP
Lecture no.3 Sums of squares and cubes of the first n natural numbers
Lecture no.4 AM>GM inequalities,
Lecture no.5 Telescoping series, Miscellaneous series
Lecture no.6 Booklet discussion

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SEQUENCES & SERIES

I. SEQUENCES

A sequence is an arrangement of real numbers specified in a definite order, by some

assigned law whereby a definite number an of the set can be associated with the corre-
sponding positive integer n.
Three notations are used for a sequence :
i) a1 , a2 , a3 , ... , an , ... ii) an (n = 1, 2, 3, ... ) iii) (an)

Order is a part of the definition of a sequence. A formula for the n th term, in which n takes
successively all positive integral values, in their natural order, completely determines a se-
quence.
Consider the following examples
1 1 1 1
a) 1, 2, 3, 4, ... b) 4, 8, 12, 16, ... c) , , , , ...
3 5 9 17
Therefore, the same sequences can be written as
1 1 1 1
1, 2, 3, 4, ... , n , ... ; 4, 8, 12, 16, ... , 4n, ... and , , , , ... , 1 ,... respectively..
3 5 9 17 2 n+1
Hence,
1
a) In (a),an = n b) In(b),an = 4n c) In (c),an = n
2 +1
We observe that
i) all the members of a sequence are written according to same assigned law.
ii) every member is followed by another.
The law of formation of an may be arbitrary, may not be so explicit to evaluate an by direct
substitution of n. e.g. an = n th prime number.
So an may be specified by an algebraic, trigonometric, analytic formula or by some verbal
rule. The essential thing is that for any n there shall be a unique value for the n th term of the
sequence.The n th term of a sequence, denoted by Tn is also called the general term of the
sequence.

ILLUSTRATIONS

1. Find the n th term of 5, 11, 29, 83, ...

Soln. T1 = 5 = 31 + 2
T2 = 11 = 32 + 2
T3 = 29 = 33 + 2
T4 = 84 = 34 + 2
Tn = 3n + 2

2. Find 2nd and 5th terms if Tn = n 2 (n + 1)

Soln. Tn = n2 (n + 1)
Substitute n = 2 & n = 5 to get
T2 = 12, T5 = 150.
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3. Find 17th & 24th terms of the sequence defined

 n2 n is even
as Tn   2 , nN
n  1 n is odd
Soln. T17 = 172 + 1 = 290
T24 = 242 = 576.

4. Find the first five terms of the sequence defined as a1 = 2 , a2 = 3 , an = an–2 + an–1 , n  3
n
Sol . a1 = 2 , a2 = 3
a3 = a1 + a2 = 5
a4 = a2 + a3 = 3 + 5 = 8
a5 = a3 + a4 = 5 + 8 = 13

Hence the first five terms are 2, 3, 5, 8, 13

5. Let (an) be a finite sequence with 9 terms a1 , a2 , a3 , ... a9 defined as follows :

 11
 1 if the digit n occurs infinitely many times in the decimal expansion of .
 6
 11
 2 if the digit n occurs an odd numbers of times in the decimal expansion of .
 6
 11
 3 if the digit n occurs an even number of times or does'nt occur in the decimal expansion of .
 6
11
Soln. = 1.8333 ...
6
a1 = 2 (as n = 1 occurs once in 1.8333 ... i.e. odd number of times.)
a2 = 3 (as n = 2 does not occur in 1.8333 ... i.e. even number of times)
Similarly,
a4 = a5 = a6 = a7 = a9 = 3
Now digit 8 occurs once,  a8= 2
The digit 3 occurs infinitely many times  a3 = 1
Finally , the sequence is 2, 3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3

II. SEQUENCE OF PARTIAL SUMS

Consider a1 , a2 , a3 , ... , an , ......
Define a sequence (Sn) where
Sn = a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an
(Sn) is called the sequence of partial sums.
S1 = a1
S2 = a1 + a2
S3 = a1 + a2 + a3
Sn = a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an – 1 + an
We observe that,
an = Sn – Sn – 1 , n  1 and a1 = S1

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ILLUSTRATIONS
 1, when n is even
1. Let a n   , n  N . Find Sn .
 0, when n is odd
Soln. (an) = 0, 1, 0, 1 , ...  S1 = 0,
S2 = 1; S3 = 1,
S4 = 2; S5 = 2 , ...

 n
 2 , when n is even
Sn   , nN
 n  1 , when n is odd
 2

1
2. Let an  ,  n  N  . Find Sn.
n (n  1)

1 1  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
Soln. an=  a1 + a2 + a3 + ...+ an =  1            ...    
n n1  2  2 3  3 4   n n 1
1
 S n= 1 –
n1
III. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
i) Defination : A sequence is called an arithmetic progression if its terms continually
increase or decrease by the same number. The fixed number by which they increase or
decrease is called the common difference , usually denoted by d.
If the difference between any two successive terms is the same, then the sequence is an
A.P.
An A.P. is usually shown as a, a + d , a + 2 d , a + 3d , . . . , a + (n – 1) d , . . .
ii) General Term :Thus we see that (in the usual notation)
Tn = a + (n – 1) d and Tn = Tn – 1 + d, for all n  N.
Note that d can be zero and , if it is, then all the terms are a.

ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Find the 17th term of 11, 17, 23, 29, ...
Soln. The given sequence is an A.P. , where a = 11, d = 17 – 11 = 6
Tn = a + (n – 1) d gives
T 17 = 11 + (16) (6) = 11 + 96 = 107

2. Which term of the sequence 4, 11, 18, 25, 32, ... is 158 ?
n
Sol . The given sequence is an A.P.
a = 4 , d = 11 – 4 = 7, Tn = 158 Tn = a + (n – 1) d  158 = 4 + (n – 1). 7
154
 n–1=  n = 22 + 1 = 23
7
 158 is the 23rd term.

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3. If p times the p th term of an A.P. is equal to q times the q th term of an A.P. p  q , then prove
that the (p + q) th term is zero.
Soln. Let a and d be the first term and common difference respectively.
Tp = a + (p – 1) d and Tq = a + (q – 1) d
Given that p Tp = q Tq
 p [ a + (p – 1) d ] = q [a + (q – 1) d]  (p – q) a + (p2 – q2) d – (p – q) d = 0
 (p – q) a + (p – q) d (p + q – 1) = 0  (p – q) [ a + (p + q – 1) d ] = 0
 a + (p + q – 1) d = 0  Tp + q = 0

4. If the (p + 1)th term of an A.P. is twice the (q + 1)th term, show that (3p + 1) th term is twice
the (p + q + 1) th term.
Soln. Tp + 1 = 2Tq+ 1
 a + (p + 1 – 1) d = 2 [a + (q + 1 – 1) d ],
where a and d are the first term and common difference, respectively.
 a + pd = 2a + 2qd
 a = (p – 2q) d
Now T3p + 1 = a + (3p + 1 – 1) d
= a + 3pd
& Tp + q + 1 = a + (p + q + 1 – 1) d
= a + (p + q ) d
T3 p + 1 a + 3 pd ( p  2q) d + 3 pd
 Tp + q + 1 = =
a + ( p + q) d ( p  2q) d + ( p + q) d

(4 p  2q) d
= = 2  T3p + 1 = 2Tp + q + 1
(2 p  q) d
5. In an A.P. , an = m and am = n for some m  n and m, n  N .What is am+n ?
Soln Let a and d be the first term and common difference, respectively. Then
an = m  a +(n – 1) d = m
& am= n  a + (m – 1) d = n
Subtract to get d=–1
 a=m+n–1
 am+n = (m + n – 1) + (m + n – 1)(– 1)  am+ n= 0

iii) Sum of n terms of an A.P.

Let a and d be the first term and the common difference, respectively. If Sn denotes
the sum of n terms then
Sn = a + (a + d) + (a + 2d) + ... + (a + (n – 1) d)
Also, Sn = (a + (n – 1) d) + ... + (a + 2d) + (a + d) + a
Adding , we get
2Sn = (2a + (n – 1)d) + (2a + (n – 1) d) + ..... + (2a + (n – 1) d)
= n (2a + (n – 1) d)
n
 Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d ]
2
n n
Also, note that Sn = (a + (n – 1)d) = (first term + nth term)
m)
2 2
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ILLUSTRATIONS
1. How many terms of the A.P. 1, 4, 7 , ... are needed to give the sum 715?
Soln. Let a and d denote the first term and the common difference, respectively.
Let Sn denote the sum of the n terms.
n
Then, Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d ]  715 = [2 + (n – 1).3 ]
2
 1430 = 3n 2 – 3n + 2n = 3n 2 – n  3n 2 – n – 1430 = 0
 65
 (3n + 65) (n – 22) = 0  n = 22 or
(rejected)
3
2. Find four numbers in A.P. whose sum is 20 and the sum of whose squares is 120.
n
Sol . Let the numbers be a – 3d , a – d , a + d , a + 3d.
Given that
(a – 3d) + (a – d) + (a + d) + (a + 3d) = 20
 4a = 20  a=5
Also
(a – 3d) 2 + (a – d) 2 + (a + d) 2 + (a + 3d) 2 = 120
 4a 2 + 20 d 2 = 120  a 2 + 5d 2 = 30
substitute a = 5 to get d 2 = 1
 d=1
The required numbers are 2, 4, 6, 8 or 8,6,4,2 (in order).

3. Find an A.P. the sum of whose first n terms is 2n 2 + n.

Soln. Let Sn denote the sum of n terms,
then Tn  S n  S n 1
2
 2n 2  n  2  n  1   n  1
 4n  1
 T1 = 3 , T2 = S2 – S1 = 7 , T3 = S3 – S2 = 11 , ...
The sequence is 3, 7, 11, ...

4. If S1 , S2 , S3 , ... , Sp are the sums of n terms of p A.P.s whose first terms are 1, 2, 3, 4,
... and common differences are 1, 3, 5, 7, ... respectively. Show that
np (np + 1)
S1 + S2 + S3 + ... + Sp =
2
n
Sol . S1 is the sum of the A.P. 1, 2, 3, ... n
n n
 S1 = [2 + (n – 1)] = (n + 1)
2 2
S2 is the sum of the A.P. 2, 5, 8, ... n terms
n
 S2 = [4 + (n – 1). 3]
2
n
= (3n + 1)
2

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S3 is the sum of the A.P. 3, 8, 13, ... n terms

n n
 S3 = (6 + (n – 1)5) = (5n + 1)
2 2
and so on.
S1 + S2 + S3 + ... + Sp
n n n
= (n + 1) + (3n + 1) + (5n + 1) + ... upto p terms
2 2 2
n
=  (n + 3n + 5n + ... upto p terms ) + (1 + 1+ ... upto p terms)
2 
n  p 
=  2n + 2n ( p  1)  + p 
2  2 
np
= [np + 1]
2

iv) Properties :
Let (an) be an A.P. and k be a constant, then-
i) (k + an) is also an A.P.
ii) (kan) is also an A.P.

IN – CHAPTER EXERCISE – 1

1. If ( x+ 1) , 3x and (4x + 2) are first three terms of an AP then its 5th term is-

2. The coefficient of x99 in (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) ....(x – 100) is -

3. If first term of an AP is 5, last term is 45 and the sum of the terms is 400, then the number of terms
is-

4. If the ratio of the sum of n terms of two AP’s is (3n + 1) : (2n + 3) then find the ratio of their 11th
term-

5. If roots of the equation x3 – 12 x2+ 39 x – 28 = 0 are in AP, then its common difference is-

6. Four numbers are in A.P. If their sum is 20 and the sum of their square is 120, then the middle terms
are -

bca cab abc 1 1 1

7. If , , are in A.P. then show that , , is in A.P.-
.-
a b c a b c

8. Let Tr be rth term of an A.P. whose first term is a and common difference is d. If for some positive
1 1
integers m, n, m  n, Tm  and Tn  , then a – d equals
n m

9. The 19th term from the end of the series 2 + 6 + 10 + …. + 86 is

10. The nth term of the series 3 + 10 + 17 + ….. and 63 + 65 + 67 + …… are equal, then the value
of n is

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S3 r  Sr 1
11. If Sr denotes the sum of the first r terms of an A.P., then show that S2r  S2r 1 is equal to 2r +1

12. 150 workers were engaged to finish a piece of work in a certain number of days. 4 workers dropped
the second day, 4 more workers dropped the third day and so on. It takes eight more days to finish
the work now. The number of days in which the work was completed is

13. If sum of n terms of an A.P. is 3n 2  5n and Tm  164 , then m =

ANSWER KEY

1. 24 2. – 5050 3. 16 4. 64 : 45 5. ±3

6. 4,6 8. 0 9. 14 10. 13 12. 25

13. 27

IV) GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION

i)Defination : A progression (an) of non-zero terms, in which every term bears to the
preceding term a constant ratio is known as a geometric progression. This constant ratio
is called the common ratio.
ii) General Term : Let a be the first term and r be the common ratio. Then T1 = a ,
T2 = ar , T3 = ar 2 etc. gives general term (nth term)
Tn = a r n–1
It is a part of the definition of a g.p. that a and r must be non-zero.

ILLUSTRATIONS
243
1. Which term of the sequence 16, 12, 9, ... is ?
64
12 3
Soln. Here a = 16 , r = = Tn = a r n – 1
16 4
n1 n1
243  3 243  3
 = 16    = 
64 4 (64) (16) 4
5 n1
 3  3
   =   n=6
4 4
243
 is the 6 th term.
64

2. Find the four numbers in G.P. such that the third term exceeds the first by 9 whereas the second
term exceeds the fourth by 18. Find the numbers.
Sol . Let a , ar , ar 2 , ar 3 be the numbers.
n

Given that ar 2 = a + 9

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and ar = ar 3 + 18
Rewriting a (r – 1) (r + 1) = 9 ———— (1)
and ar(1 – r) (1 + r) = 18 ———— (2) ,
Dividing (2) by (1) , we get
r=–2
Substituting r in (1) we get
a=3
The numbers are 3, – 6, 12 , – 24

3. If the p th , q th and r th terms of a G.P. of positive terms are x, y and z respectively, then prove
that x q – r y r – p z p – q = 1
Soln. Let a and b be the first term and the common ratio, respectively.
Given x = a b p – 1 , y = a b q – 1 , z = a b r – 1
 xq – r y r – p z p – q = aq – r + r – p + p – q b (p – 1) (q – r) + (q – 1) (r – p) + (r – 1) (p – q) = a0 b 0 = 1

4. In a G.P. , S6 = 9S3. If r is real, then find r.

Soln. Note that r  1
(If r =1 then S6 = 9S3  6a =9 (3a ). (not acceptable)), why?
a (1  r6 ) 9a (1  r3 )
S6 = 9S3  
1r 1r
Simplifying, we get
r 3 = 8 r = 2 (here r is real)
5. Prove that for a G.P. , Tm + n . Tm – n = Tm2
Soln. Let a and r be the first term and the common ratio respectively.
Tm + n = a r m + n – 1 & Tm – n = a r m – n – 1
 T m + n . T m – n = a 2. r m + n – 1 + m – n – 1
= a 2 r 2m – 2 = (a r m – 1 ) 2 = Tm2

iii) The sum of n terms of a G.P.

Let a and r be the first term and the common ratio respectively.
Let Sn denote the sum of n terms. Then
Sn = a + ar + ar 2 + ... + a r n – 1 ———— (1)
Multiply(1) by r to get
r Sn = ar = ar 2 + ar 3 + ... + a.rn ———— (2)
Subtracting (2) from (1)
(1 – r) Sn = a – a r n

a (1  rn )
 Sn = , when r  1 and Sn = a + a + a + ... + a = n a, when r = 1,
1 r

ILLUSTRATIONS
1. How many terms of the sequence 2, 6, 18, ... must be taken to make the sum 2186?
n
Sol . The given sequence is G.P.
6
Here a = 2 , r = = 3.
2

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Let Sn be the sum of n terms.

2 (3 n  1  1)
 2186 =  3n = 2187  n=7
3 1
2. Find the sum of n terms of a sequence whose n th term is 2n + 3n.
Soln. Let Tn = 2n + 3n  T1 = 2 + 3 ,
2
T2 = 2 + 3(2) T3 = 2 3 + 3(3) ...
Adding ,
Sn = T1 + T2 + ... + Tn
= (2 + 22 + 23 + ... + 2n) + 3 (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n )
= 2 ( 1 + 2 + 2 2 + ... + 2 n – 1) + 3 (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n)

2 (2 n  1) n 3n
= + 3. (2 + (n – 1). 1) = (2 n + 1 – 2) + (n + 1)
2 1 2 2

iv) Infinite Geometric Progression

Consider the sequence a , ar , ar 2 , ar 3 , ... having infinte terms
General Term Tn = ar n-1
If | r | > 1, then sum (S) of all the terms is infinte
If | r | < 1, then sum (S) of all the terms is finte and is given by
a
S=
1 r
ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Express 1. 41 as a rational number..
Soln. 1. 41 = 1.414141 ... = 1 + .41 + .0041 + .000041 + ....
.41 41 100
=1+ =1+ 
1 100 99
1
100
41 140
=1+ =
99 99
2. The first term of an infinite G.P. is 1 and any term is the sum of all that follow it. Find the
infinite G.P.
n
Sol . a = 1 (given)
Also Tn = Tn + 1 + Tn + 2 + ... 
Let r be the common ratio. Then
Tn = a r n + a r n + 1 + a r n+ 2 + ...
 1 
= a r n (1 + r + r 2 + ... ) = a r n  
1r 

 1  1
 a rn – 1 = a rn    1–r = r  r=
1r  2
1 1 1
The required infinite G.P. is 1 , , , , ....
2 4 8

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3. If x = 1 + a + a 2 + a 3 + ...  , |a| < 1 and

y = 1 + b + b 2 + b 3 + ...  , |b| < 1 , then
Prove that,
xy
1 + ab + (ab) 2 + ...  =
x+y 1
Soln. x = 1 + a + a 2 + ...

2 (2 n  1) n 3n
= + 3. (2 + (n – 1). 1) = (2 n + 1 – 2) + (n + 1)
2 1 2 2
1 1 x 1
=  1–a=  a=
1a x x
Similarly,
y 1 (x  1) (y  1)
b =  ab =
y xy
 1 + ab + (a b)2 + ...
1 1 xy xy
= = = =
1  ab 1  ( x  1) (y  1) xy  (x  1) (y  1) x  y  1
xy

4. Show that 
111
 1 is not a prime number..
...
45 times

Soln :Let n = 111 ... 1

= 1 + 10 +102 + ... + 1044

10 45  1  (10 9 )5  1   10 9  1 
= =    
10  1  109  1   10  1 
   
= (1+109 +1018 + ... + 1036 )( 1+10 + 102 + ... + 108 ).
This shows that n has non-trivial factors.

5. Given | x |< 1, evaluate 1+ 3x + 5x2 + ... 

Soln. Let S = 1 + 3x + 5x 2 + 7x 3 + ... 
 x S = x + 3x 2 + 5x 3 + 7x 4 +... 
Subtracting, we get
(1 – x) S =1+ 2x + 2x2 + 2x3 + ... 
= 1+ 2x (1+ x + x 2+ ... )
1 2x
 S = 1 x 
(1  x )2
1 x
 S=
(1  x )2

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IN – CHAPTER EXERCISE – 2

1. If x, 2x + 2 and 3x + 3 are first three terms of a G.P., then its 4th term is-

2. The nth term of a GP is 128 and the sum of its n terms is 255. If its common ratio is 2 then its first
term is-

3. If first, second and eight terms of a G.P. are respectively n–4, nn,n52 , then the value of n is-

4. Let a, b and c form a GP of common ratio r, with 0 < r < 1. If a, 2b and 3c form an AP, then r equals-

5. If the sum of an infinitely decreasing GP is 3, and the sum of the squares of its terms is 9/2, the sum
of the cubes of the terms is-

6. If the sum of first two terms of an infinite GP is 1 and every term is twice the sum of all the successive
terms, then its first term is-

7. Find the least value of n for which 1 + 3 + 32 + ....+ 3n–1 > 1000

8. Three numbers form an increasing GP. If the middle number is doubled, then the new numbers are in
AP. The common ratio of the GP is-

9. If product of three terms of a GP is 216, and sum of their products taken in pairs is 156, then
greatest term is-
100 100

10. Let a n be the n term of the G.P. of positive numbers. Let  a 2n   and
th
a 2n 1   , such that
n 1 n 1


   , show that the common ratio is


11. The sum of first two terms of a G.P. is 1 and every term of this series is twice of its previous term,
then the first term will be

12. If a, b, c are in A.P. and |a|, |b|, |c| < 1, and

x  1  a  a 2  ....
y  1  b  b 2  ....
z  1  c  c 2  .....
Then show that x, y, z shall be in H.P.

ANSWER KEY

1. – 27/2 2. 1 3. 4 4. 1/3
5. 108/13 6. 3/4 7. 7 8. 2+ 3
1
9. 18 11.
3

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V. HARMONIC PROGRESSION:
i) Defination
1
Let (an) be an A.P. of non-zero terms. The sequence   is called an H.P..
 an 
Illustration

1. If a, b, c, d  0 are in A.P. Then bcd , acd , abd , abc are in

a) A.P. b) G.P. c) H.P. d) none of these
n
Sol . a, b, c, d are in A.P.
a b c d
 , , , are in A.P..
abcd abcd abcd abcd
1 1 1 1
 , , , are in A.P..
bcd acd abd abc
 bcd , acd , abd , abc are in H.P.

IN-CHAPTER EXERCISE - 3
1 2
1. Find the 7th term of the sequence 1, 2 , –7, 1 , ...
3 5
1 1 1 1 1 1
2. If <an> is a sequence in H.P. with a 2  , a 5  , then find the value of   ....
2 11 a1 a 2 a 3 a 20

3. If a, b, c > 1, x > 0 are in G.P. then show that log a x, log b x, log c x are in H.P..

4. If x, a, y are in A.P., x, b, y are in G.P. and x, c, y are in H.P. prove that the quadratic equation
ax 2  2bx  c  0 has equal roots

5. If pth term of a HP be q and qth term be p, then show that its (p +q)th term is p + q

6. If a,b,c are in A.P. and a2, b2, c2 are in H.P., then show that c = a + b

7. Five numbers a,b,c,d,e are such that a,b,c, are in AP’ b,c,d are in GP and c,d,e, are in HP. If a = 2,
e = 18; then values of b,c, d are-
3 1
8. The 4th term of a H.P. is 5
and 8th term is then its 6th term is
3

9. If the roots of a(b  c) x 2  b(c  a) x  c (a  b)  0 be equal, then show that a, b, c are in H.P..

2 12
10. If the first two terms of an H.P. be and then the largest positive term of the progression is
5 23

ANSWER KEY
7 1
1. 2. 550 7. –2, –6, 18 8. 10. 7th term
17 7
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VI. MEANS

i) Defination :Let a, b, c be positive numbers, then

i) a, b, c are in A.P.  b is the arithmetic mean of a and c.

ac
 b=
2
ii) a, b, c are in G.P.  b is the geometric mean of a and c
 b2 = ac
iii) a, b, c are in H.P.  b is harmonic mean of a and c
2ac
 b=
ac
ii) Properties of means :

Let a, b, c be positive numbers. Then

1. A.M  G.M.  H.M. .
(Equality holds true only when a = b = c)
2. (A.M.) (H.M.) = (G.M.)2
iii) To insert n Arithmetic means between a & b :

Let a and b be two positive numbers.

L et us insert n arithmetic means A1 , A2 , ... , An between a and b.
Then a , A1, A2 , An , b are in A.P.
Total number of terms is n + 2.
Let the common difference be d.
b = a + (n + 2 – 1) d
ba ba
 d=  A1 = a + ,
n +1 n +1
ba ba
A2 = a + 2. , A3 = a + 3. ,
n +1 n +1
ba
An = a + n  
 n +1 
We can further show that the sum of all these means is n times the single arithmetic mean
between a and b.
Sum of all these arithmetic means
ba (b  a) n
=na+   (1 + 2 + ... + n) = n a + . (2 + (n – 1) .1)
 n +1  n +1 2
b  a n (n + 1) n (a + b)
=na+ . =
n +1 2 2
= n. (single A.M. between a and b)
iv) To insert n Geometric means between a & b :

If G1 , G2 , ... , Gn be n geometric means between a and b. Then b = a r n + 2 – 1

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1
 b n + 1
 r=  
a
1
 b n + 1
 G1 = ar = a  
a
2
 b n + 1
G2 = ar 2 = a  
a
n
 b n + 1
Gn = ar n = a  
a
The product of all these geometric means
1 + 2 + . .. + n n
b n+1  b 2
= an   = an  
a a

= (ab)n / 2 = G n where G = ab
= geometric mean of a , b.
Similarly, students are advised to work on harmonic means.

ILLUSTRATIONS

1. Insert 7 A. M. s between 2 and 17.

n
Sol . Let A1 , A2 , ... , A7 be A.M.s between 2 and 17.
17 = a +(n + 2 – 1) d = 2 + 8 d
15
 d=
8
15 31 31 15 46
A1 = 2 + = A2 = + =
8 8 8 8 8
46 15 61 61 15 76
A3 = + = A4 = + =
8 8 8 8 8 8
76 15 91 91 15 106
A5 = + = A6 = + =
8 8 8 8 8 8
106 15 121
A7 = + =
8 8 8

2. If one geometric mean G, and two arithmetic means p and q, be inserted betwen two given
quantities, then prove that G 2 = (2p – q) (2q – p)

Soln. a, G, b form G.P. and a , p , q , b form A.P.

 G 2 = ab , 2p = a + q , 2q = p + b
 G2 = (2p – q) (2q – p)

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INCHAPTER EXERCISE - 4

1. If 4 AM’s are inserted between 1/2 and 3 then 3rd AM is-

2. n AM’s are inserted between 2 and 38. If third AM is 14 then n is equal to -

3. If A1, A2 be two AM’s and G1, G2 be two GM’s between two numbers a and b, then prove that
A1  A 2 ab
G 1G 2 is equal to
ab

4. If 4 GM’s be inserted between 160 and 5, then third GM will be-

5. If between 1 and 1/31 there are n H.M.’s and ratio of 7th and (n–1)th harmonic means is 9 : 5, then
value of n is -

6. The harmonic mean of the roots of the equation (5  2)x 2  (4  3) x  8  2 3  0 is

7. Let two numbers have arithmetic mean 9 and geometric mean 4. Then find the quadratic equation
whose roots are these numbers

A1  A 2 H1H 2
8. If A1, A2, G1, G2 and H1, H2 are AM’s, GM’s and HM’s between two numbers, then H  H . G G
1 2 1 2

equals

a
9. If ratio of HM and GM between two positive numbers a and b (a > b) is 4 : 5, then is
b

10. If abcd = 1, where a, b, c, d are positive reals, then the minimum value of a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + ab
+ ac + ad + bc + bd + cd is

ANSWER KEY

1. 2 2. 8 4. 20 5. 5 6. 4

7. x 2  18x  16  0 8. 1 9. 4:1 10. 12

I. SERIES

Let a1, a2, a3, ... , an be a sequence of numbers. Then, the expression
a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an is called a finite series
n
i.e.  a r = a1 + a2 + a3 + ... + an is a finite series.
r 1

n
(Read  a r , as sigma ar , r varies from 1 to n )
r 1

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For example ,
10
i) 35 + 55 + 75 + ... + 235 is expressed as  (2r  3)5
r 0

100
ii)  (t r 1 t r ) = (t2 – t1) + (t3 – t2) + ... + (t101 – t100)
r 1

= t101 – t1
25
r 2
iii)  (1) r = – 12 + 22 – 32 + ... – 252
r 1

II. ARITHMETICO-GEOMETRIC SERIES

A series, each term of which is formed by multiplying the corresponding term of an A.P. & G.P. is
called the Arithmetico-Geometric Series.
e.g. 1 + 3x + 5x2 + 7x3 +.....
Here, 1, 3, 5,.... are in A.P. & 1, x, x2, x3..... are in G.P

Sum of n terms of an Arithmetico-Geometric Series:

Let Sn = a + (a + d) r + (a + 2 d) r² +..... + [a + (n - 1)d] rn-1
Sn = a + (a + d)r + (a + 2d)r2 + (a + 3d)r3 + .......... + a  n  1d rn – 1  
r.Sn = 0 + ar + (a + d)r2 + .................+ a  n  2 d rn – 1 + a  n  1d rn    
Now subtract and get the expression for Sn

a d r 1  r n 1   a  (n 1) d  r n
Sn   2
 ,r 1
1 r 1  r  1 r
Sum of Infinite terms of an Arithmetico-Geometric Series:
a dr
S  
1  r 1  r  2  r  1

LLUSTRATIONS
4 7 10
1. Find the sum of the series 1 + + 2 + + ...... to n terms.
5 5 53
4 7 10 3n  2
Soln. Let S=1+ + 2 + 3 + ...... + ..........(i)
5 5 5 5n1

 1 1 4 7 3n  5 3n  2
  S= + 2 + 3 + ....... + n1 + ..........(ii)
5 5 5 5 5 5n
(i) – (ii)
4 3 3 3 3 3n  2
 S=1+ + 2 + 3 + ....... + n 1 – .
5 5 5 5 5 5n

n 1 
3   1  
1  
4 5 5 
3n  2 3 3 1 3n  2 7 12n  7
 
 S=1+ 1 – n =1+ – × n 1 – n = – 4.5 n
5 1 5 4 4 5 5 4
5

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35 (12n  7)
 S= – 16 . 5n1
16

2. Evaluate 1 + (1 + b) r + (1 + b + b2) r2 + ......... to infinite terms for | br | < 1.

Soln. Let S = 1 + (1 + b)r + (1 + b + b2) r2 +..... ..........(i)
2
r.S = r + (1 + b) r + ......... ..........(ii)
(i) - (ii)
 (1 – r)S = 1 + br + b2r2 + b3r3 + ......
1
 S = (1  br )(1  r )

III. IMPORTANT RESULTS

n n n
(i) 
r 1
(ar ± br) =  ar ± 
r 1
br.
r 1

n n
(ii) 
r 1
k ar = k  ar.
r 1

n n n
(iii)  (ar  br ) =   ar    br , where a, b are parameters independent of r.
r1 r 1 r 1

IV. BERNOULLI’S THEOREMS

n
(i) 
r 1
k = k + k + k...............n times = nk; where k is a constant.

n
n (n  1)
(ii) 
r 1
r = 1 + 2 + 3 +...........+ n =
2

(Sum of first n natural numbers)

n
n (n  1) (2n  1)
(iii) 
r 1
r² = 12 + 22 + 32 +...........+ n2 =
6
(Sum of the squares of first n natural numbers)
n
n2 (n  1)2
(iv) 
r 1
r3 = 13 + 23 + 33 +...........+ n3 =
4
(Sum of the cubes of first n natural numbers)
From Bernoulli’s Theorem, we can derive the result -
n

2 
i  j 1
a i a j = (a + a + ........+ a )2 – (a 2 + a 2 + ...... + a 2)
1 2 n 1 2 n

V. TELESCOPING SERIES
Let a1, a2 , ... . an be a sequence. The expression
n 1
 (ar  ar 1 ) = a1 – an is called a Telescoping series.
r 1

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ILLUSTRATIONS
n
1. Define f : N  N as f (n) = n! = 1. 2. 3... n. Evaluate  r (r!)
r 1

n n n
Soln.  r (r!) =  (r  1  1) r! =  ((r  1) r!  r!)
r 1 r 1 r 1

n
=  ((r  1) !  r!) = (n + 1) ! – 1
r 1

Note : A different solution will be given in the chapter on Permutations & Combinations.

IN – CHAPTER EXERCISE – 5

1. The sum of all numbers between 100 and 10,000 which are of the form n3 (n  N) is equal to-

1 1
2. Sum of infinite terms of series 3 + 5. + 7. 2 + .... is -
4 4

4 7 10
3. The sum of infinite terms of the series 1   2  3  ... will be
5 5 5
n i j
4.   1 is equal to
i 1 j1 k 1

1 1 1 4 1 1 1
5. If 4  4  4  ...    , then the value of 4  4  4  ...   is
1 2 3 90 1 3 5

6. The sum of 1  1  a  x  1  a  a 2  x 2  ...   , 0 < a, x < 1 equals

2 3
 1  1  1
7. The sum of 1  2  1    3 1    4 1    ... upto n terms, equals
 n  n  n

n 1 n 
8. The value of   1  n  equals
n 1 5 
1 1 1
9. The sum of infinity of the series    .... is equal to
1 1 2 1 2  3

100
k
10. The sum of  24 is equal to
k 1 k  k  1

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ANSWER KEY
35 n  n  1 n  2 
1. 53261 2. 44/9 3. 4.
16 6

4 1 5
5. 6. 7. n2 8.
96 1  x 1  ax  36

5050
9. 2 10.
10101

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EXERCISE - 1[A]

1. In a certain A.P., 5 times the 5th term is equal to 8 times the 8th term, then its 13th term is
(A) 0 (B) – 1 (C) – 12 (D) – 13

2. If 7th and 13th term of an A.P. be 34 and 64 respectively, then its 18th term is
(A) 87 (B) 88 (C) 89 (D) 90

3. 7th term of an A.P. is 40, then the sum of first 13 terms is

(A) 53 (B) 520 (C) 1040 (D) 2080

4. The first term of an A.P. is 2 and common difference is 4. The sum of its 40 terms will be
(A) 3200 (B) 1600 (C) 200 (D) 2800

5. The sum of the first and third term of an A.P. is 12 and the product of first and second term is 24, the
first term is
(A) 1 (B) 8 (C) 4 (D) 6

6. If the sum of the first 2n terms of 2, 5, 8…. is equal to the sum of the first n terms of 57,59,61...,
then n is equal to
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 11 (D) 13

7. If the sum of the 10 terms of an A.P. is 4 times to the sum of its 5 terms, then the ratio of first term
and common difference is
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 2 : 3 (D) 3 : 2

8. If the sum of first p terms, first q terms and first r terms of an A.P. be x, y and z respectively, then
x y z
(q  r)  (r  p)  (p  q) is
p q r
8xyz
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) pqr (D)
pqr

9. The sum of all odd numbers of two digits is

(A) 2475 (B) 2530 (C) 4905 (D) 5049

1 1 1
10. The sum of n terms of the series    ....... is
1 3 3 5 5 7
1 1
(A) 2n  1 (B) 2n  1 (C) 2n  1 (D) ( 2n  1  1)
2 2

1 1 1
11. If a1 , a 2 ,......, a n 1 are in A.P., then a a  a a  .....  a a is
1 2 2 3 n n 1

n 1 1 n 1 n
(A) (B) (C) (D)
a1a n 1 a1a n 1 a1a n 1 a1a n 1

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12. After inserting n A.M.’s between 2 and 38, the sum of the resulting progression is 200. The value of
n is
(A) 10 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) None of these

13. 3 A.M.’s between 3 and 19 are

(A) 7, 11, 15 (B) 4, 6, 10 (C) 6, 10, 14 (D) None of these

14. If a, b, c, d, e, f are A.M.’s between 2 and 12, then a  b  c  d  e  f is equal to

(A)14 (B) 42 (C) 84 (D) None of these

15. If a1 , a 2 , a 3 ,....., a 24 are in arithmetic progression and a1  a 5  a10  a15  a 20  a 24  225 , then
a1  a 2  a 3  .....
(A) 909 (B) 75 (C) 750 (D) 900

1 1 1
16. If a, b, c are in A.P., then , , will be in
bc ca ab
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) None of these

17. If log 2, log(2n  1) and log(2n  3) are in A.P., then n =

3
(A) 5/2 (B) log 2 5 (C) log 3 5 (D)
2

18. The numbers ( 2  1),1, ( 2  1) will be in

(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) None of these

19. If the pth, qth and rth term of a G.P. are a, b, c respectively, then a q r  b r p  c p q is equal to
(A) 0 (B)1 (C) abc (D) pqr

20. If the third term of a G.P. is 4 then the product of its first 5 terms is
4
(A) 43 (B) 4 (C) 45 (D) None of these

21. If x, 2x  2, 3x  3 are in G.P., then the fourth term is

(A) 27 (B) – 27 (C) 13.5 (D) – 13.5

22. The first term of an infinite geometric progression is x and its sum is 5. Then
(A) 0  x  10 (B) 0  x  10 (C) 10  x  0 (D) x  10

23. The two geometric mean between the number 1 and 64 are
(A) 1 and 64 (B) 4 and 16 (C) 2 and 16 (D) 8 and 16

24. The G.M. of the numbers 3,32 ,33......3n is

2 n 1 n n 1
(A) 3 n (B) 3 2 (C) 3 2 (D) 3 2

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25. If a, b, c are in A.P. b – a, c – b and a are in G.P., then a : b : c is

(A) 1 : 2 : 3 (B) 1 : 3 : 5 (C) 2 : 3 : 4 (D) 1 : 2 : 4

 1 1 1  1 1 1 
26. If a, b, c are in H.P., then the value of        is
 b c a  c a b 
2 1 3 2 3 2
(A)  (B)  (C)  (D) None of these
bc b 2 c 2 ca b2 ab

27. If a, b, c are in H.P., then which one of the following is true

1 1 1 ac ba bc
(A)   (B) b (C)  1 (D) None of these
ba bc b ac ba bc

3 5 7
28. 1   2  3  ...... is equal to
2 2 2
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 12

29. Sum of the series 1  2.2  3.22  4.23  .....  100.299 is

(A) 100.2100  1 (B) 99.2100  1 (C) 99.2100  1 (D) 100.2100  1

30. The sum of the series 3 + 33 + 333 + ….. + n terms is

1 1
(A) (10n 1  9n  28) (B) (10n 1  9n  10)
27 27
1
(C) (10n 1  10n  9) (D) None of these
27

31. The general term of the sequence 1234, 2345, 3456, 4567 ..... is
(A) n (n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) (B) 123 + 1111n
(C) 1000n3 + 200n2 + 30n + 4 (D) None

32. The integers 2, a, b, c, 160 are such that the first three terms in A.P. while the last three terms are in
G.P. If the common ratio of the G.P. and common difference of the A.P. are equal, then the value of
a + b + c is
(A) 56 (B) 64 (C) 72 (D) None of these

33. The sum of 13  23  33  43  ....  153 is

(A) 22000 (B) 10000 (C) 14400 (D) 15000

2 2 2 1 2
34. If (1  t1 )  (2  t 2 )  ....  (n  t n )  n (n  1) , then t n is
3
n
(A) (B) n  1 (C) n  1 (D) n
2

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1 1 1
35. The sum of the series    .... is
3  7 7  11 1115
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 6 9 12

36. If the A.M., G.M. and H.M. between two positive numbers a and b are equal, then
(A) a = b (B) ab = 1 (C) a > b (D) a < b

a b c
37. If , , are in H.P., then
b c a
(A) a 2 b, c 2 a, b 2 c are in A.P.. (B) a 2 b, b 2 c, c2 a are in H.P..
(C) a 2 b, b 2 c, c2 a are in G.P.. (D) None of these

38. If a, b, c are in G.P., then log a x, log b x, log c x are in

(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) None of these

39. If A1 , A 2 ; G1 , G 2 and H1 , H 2 be two A.M.’s, G.M.’s and H.M.’s between two quantities, then the
G1G 2
value of H H is
1 2

A1  A 2 A1  A 2 A1  A 2 A1  A 2
(A) H  H (B) H  H (C) H  H (D) H  H
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

40. If the ratio of H.M. and G.M. of two quantities is 12 : 13, then the ratio of the numbers is
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 3 (C) 3 : 4 (D) None of these

41. If the A.M. of two numbers is greater than G.M. of the numbers by 2 and the ratio of the numbers
is 4 : 1, then the numbers are
(A) 4, 1 (B) 12, 3 (C) 16, 4 (D) None of these

42. If the ratio of A.M. between two positive real numbers a and b to their H.M. is m : n, then a : b is
mn  n n  mn m  mn
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
mn  n n  mn m  mn

43. If x  log 5 3  log 7 5  log 9 7 then

3 1 3
(A) x  (B) x  3 (C) x  3 (D) None of these
2 2 2

1 1 1
44. The sum to infinity of the following series    ....... shall be
1 2 2  3 3  4
(A)  (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) None of these

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45. In a geometric progression the sixth term is eight times the third term and sum of the seventh and the
eight terms is 192, then
(A) The sum of the fifth to eleventh terms (including both) is 2032
(B) The sum of the sixth and the ninth term is 188
(C) The first term of the G.P. is 2.
(D) The common ratio of the G.P. is 1/2

46. If first and (2n – 1)th terms of an A.P., G.P. and H.P. are equal and their nth terms are respectively a,
b, c then
(A) a = b = c (B) a + c = b (C) ac – b2  0 (D) None of these

1 1 1 1
47. a, b, c are in H.P. such that a + b + c = 37,   = . The smallest number is
a b c 4
(A) 8 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 15

48. x < –1 and x , |x + 1|, |x – 1| are in A.P. The sum of the first twenty terms of the A.P. is
(A) 150 (B) 280 (C) 350 (D) 180

49. a1, a2, ... , a10, are in A.P. , h1, h2, ..., h10 are in H.P. . If a1= h1= 2, a10= h10= 3, then a4 h7=
(A) 1 (B) 3/2 (C) 2/3 (D) 6

1 1 1 5 1 1
50. If a, x, y, z, b are in H.P., if x + y + z = 3 , then + =
a b
10 3 9 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9 5 10 3

51. The sequence, a, a1, a2 , ... , a2n , b is an A.P. ; the sequence a, g1, g2, ..., g2n , b is a G.P. his the
1 a a
2n a a a a
H.M. of a, b. The series g g  2 2n 1
 ...  n n 1

1 2n g g
2 2n 1 g g
n n1

2h 2n nh
(A) (B) (C) 2nh (D)
n h 2

52. If (1  3  5  ...  p )  (1  3  5  ...  q)  (1  3  5  ...  r) where each set of parentheses con-

tains the sum of consecutive odd integers as shown, the smallest possible value of p  q  r, (where
P > 6 is :
(A) 12 (B) 21 (C) 27 (D) 24

53. Sum of all the products of the first n positive integers taken two at a time is :
1 1
(A) (n  1)n(n  1)(3n  2) (B) (n  2)n(n  1)n 2
24 48
1
(C) (n  1)(n  2)(n  5) (D) None of these
6
  
54. If 0  ,    / 2 and x   sin 2n , y   cos 2n  and z   cos n (  )cos n (  ), then :
n 0 n 0 n 0
(A) xyz  1  yz  zx (B) xyz  1  yz  zx
(C) xyz  xy  yz  zx (D) xyz  1  yz  zx
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log0.25  1  1  1 ...upto  
 
55. Value of y  (0.64)  3 3 2 33
 is :
(A) 0.9 (B) 0.8 (C) 0.6 (D) 0.25

ba bc
56. If a, b, c are in H.P. , then  =
ba bc
(A) 0 (B)1 (C) 2 (D)3

57. If AM and HM of the roots of a quadratic equation are 3/2 and 4/3 respectively, then that equation
is
(A) x2 + 3x + 2 = 0 (B) x2 – 3x + 2 = 0
(C) x2 – 3x – 2 = 0 (D) None of these

58. The ratio between the GM’s of the roots of the quadratic equations ax2 + bx + c = 0 and  x2 + mx + n = 0
is

b c an cn
(A)  (B)  (C)  (D) 
an an c a
1 1
59. If G be the geometric mean of x and y, then 2 2
 2 
G x G  y2

(A) G2 (B) 1/G2 (C) 2/G2 (D) 3G2

60. Find sum of the series 1.32 + 2.52 + 3.72 + ………. to 20 terms
(A) 188090 (B) 94045 (C) 325178 (D) 812715

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EXERCISE - 1[B]
ONLY ONE IS CORRECT

1. 10th terms of the progression – 4 – 1 + 2 + 5 + …….. is :

(A) – 23 (B) 23 (C) – 32 (D) 32

2. The first term of an A.P. is 2 and common difference is 4. The sum of its 40 terms will be:
(A) 3200 (B) 1600 (C) 200 (D) 2800

3. The middle term of the progression 4, 9, 14, ……. , 104 is :

(A) 44 (B) 49 (C) 59 (D) 54

4. If the 9th term of an A.P. be zero, then the ratio of its 29th and 19th term is :
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 1 : 3 (D) 3 : 1

5. The sum of numbers lying between 10 and 200 which are divisible by 7 will be :
(A) 2800 (B) 2835 (C) 2870 (D) 2849

6. If fourth term of an A.P. is thrice its first term and seventh term – 2 (third term) = 1, then
its common difference is :
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) – 2 (D) 3

7. If pth, qth and rth terms of an A.P. are a, b and c respectively, then the expression a(q – r) +
b(r – p) + c(p – q) is simplified to
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) a + b + c (D) p + q + r

8. If the ratio of sum of n terms of two A.P’s is (3n + 8) : (7n + 15), then the ratio of 12 th terms is
(A) 16 : 7 (B) 7 : 16 (C) 7 : 12 (D) 12 : 5

9. If the sum of n terms of an AP is 2n2 + 5n, then its nth term is

(A) 4n – 3 (B) 4n + 3 (C) 3n + 4 (D) 3n – 4

10. The sum of three consecutive terms of an increasing A.P. is 51. If the product of the first
and third of these terms be 273, then third term is
(A) 13 (B) 17 (C) 21 (D) 9

11. If we divide 20 into four parts which are in A.P. such that the product of the first and the
fourth is to the product of the second and third is 2 : 3, then the smallest part is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

12. Three numbers are in A.P. The product of the extremes is 5 times the mean, also the sum
of the two largest is 8 times the least, the numbers are
(A) 3, 9, 15 (B) 6, 18, 30 (C) 3, 8, 13 (D) 6, 16, 25

13. The second, third and sixth terms of an A.P. are consecutive terms of a G.P. The common
ratio of the G.P. is
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) – 1 (D) – 3

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14. Which term of the progression 18, – 12, 8, ……… is 512 / 729 ?
(A) 9th (B) 10th (C) 8th (D) None of these

15. If third terms of G.P is 4, then product of first 5 terms is

(A) 43 (B) 44 (C) 45 (D) None of these

16. If third and seventh terms of a G.P are 15 and 135 respectively, then its fifth term will be
(A) 5 (B) 9 (C) 45 (D) 90

17. For which values of x do the numbers 1, x2, 6 – x2 taken in that order form a geometric
progression ?
(A) x = ± 2 (B) x = ± 2 (C) x = ± 3 (D) x = ± 3

18. The sum of the infinite terms of 1 – 1/3 + 1/32 – 1/33 + …….. is
(A) 3/4 (B) 4/3 (C) – 3/4 (D) – 4/3

2 4 8
19. The sum 1   2  3  .....  up to   ,x  0, is finite if
x x x

(A) x  2 (B) x  2 (C) x  1 (D) 2 x  1

20. Total number of terms in the progression 96 + 48 + 24 + 12 + ……. + 3/16 is

(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 20

45
21. If 3 + 3a + 3a2 + ………… +  = (a > 0); then a equals
8
(A) 15/23 (B) 15/7 (C) 7/15 (D) 23/15

22. Break the numbers 155 into three parts so that the obtained numbers form a G.P., the first
term being less than the third one by 120
(A) 5, 56, 125 (B) 10, 65, 120 (C) 5, 25, 125 (D) None of these

23. Find the three numbers in G.P. such that their sum is 14 & the sum of their squares is 84
(A) 3, 6, 12 (B) 2, 6, 18 (C) 1, 3, 9 (D) 2, 4, 8

24. Determine the first term and the common ratio of the geometric progression, the sum of
whose first and third terms is 40 and the second and fourth terms is 80
(A) 8, 3 (B) 8, 2 (C) 7, 3 (D) 7, 2

25. If a, b, c are in G.P. then a1 , b1 , c 1 are in

(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) All of these

26. If p, q, r are in A.P., then pth, qth and rth terms of any G.P. are themselves in
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) None of these

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27. The sum of infinite terms of the progression 1 + 3x + 5x2 + 7x3 + ……..  x  1 is
2
1 x 1 x  1 x
(A) (B)   (C) (D) None of these
1 x 1 x  1  x 2

28. 1 + 2(1 - 1/n) + 3(1 - 1/n)2 + …….  terms ; (n > 0 ) equals

(A) n(1 - 1/n) (B) n2 (C) n(1 - 1/n)2 (D) None of these

29. If the mth term of a H.P. be n and nth term be m, then the rth term will be
r mn mn mn
(A) (B) (C) (D)
mn r 1 r r 1

30. n A.M’s are inserted between 1 and 51. If the ratio between 4th and 7th AM’s is 3 : 5, then
the value of n equals
(A) 48 (B) 42 (C) 36 (D) 24

31. If x, y, z are in A.P., A.M. of x and y is a and A.M. of y and z is b, then A.M.of a & b is
(A) x (B) y (C) z (D) 1/2(x + y)

32. If A1, A2 be two arithmetic means between 1/3 and 1/24, then their values are
(A) 7/72, 5/36 (B) 17/72, 5/36 (C) 7/36, 5/72 (D) 5/72, 17/72

33. The HM between a/b and b/a is

2ab 2a 2 b 2 2ab 2a 2 b 2
(A) (B) 2 (C) 2 (D)
ab a  b2 a  b2 ab

34. If 4 HM’s be inserted between 2/3 and 2/13, then the second HM is
(A) 2/5 (B) 2/7 (C) 2/11 (D) 2/17

35. Two numbers are in the ratio 4 : 1. If their AM exceeds their GM by 2, then the numbers
are
(A) 4, 1 (B) 16, 4 (C) 12, 3 (D) None of these

36. The A.M of two numbers is 34 and GM is 16, the numbers are
(A) 2 and 64 (B) 64 and 3 (C) 64 and 4 (D) None of these

37. If A, G & 4 are A.M., G.M & H.M of two numbers respectively and 2A + G2 = 27, then the
numbers are
(A) 8, 2 (B) 8, 6 (C) 6, 3 (D) 6, 4

38. If x, y, z are AM, GM and HM of two numbers respectively, then correct statement is
(A) x < y < z (B) y < x < z (C) z < y < x (D) z < x < y

39. The A.M. between two positive numbers exceeds the GM by 5, and GM exceed the H.M.
by 4. Then the numbers are
(a) 10, 40 (B) 10, 20 (C) 20, 40 (D) 10, 50

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n
3
40. k
k 1
is equal to

2 3
n
 n   n  n
(a) 2 k 2
(B)   k  (C)   k  (D) 3 k 2
k 1  k 1   k 1  k 1

41. The interior angles of a convex polygon are in A.P. The smallest angle is 1200 and the
common difference is 50. The number of sides is
(A) 7 (B)16
(C) 9 (D) 9 or 16 , both values being permissible.

42. The sum of 40 terms of the series 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 8 + 7 + 16 + 9 + ……… is

(A) 398 + 220 (B) 398 + 221 (C) 398 + 219 (D) None of these

43. Certain numbers appear in both the arithmetic progressions 17, 21, 25 ……. and 16, 21,
26 ……then the sum of the first two hundred terms appearing in both is
(A) 4022 (B) 402200 (C) 201100 (D) 398000

44. If mth terms of the sequence 163 + 165 + 167 + 169 + …… and 103 + 110 + 117 +
124 + …… be equal, then m =
(A) 11 (B) 12 (C) 13 (D) 15

45. In the following two A.P.’s how many terms are identical?
2, 5, 8, 11, ……… to 60 terms and 3, 5, 7, ……… 50 terms
(A) 15 (B) 16 (C) 17 (D) 18

46. If the numbers a, b, c, d, e form an A.P., then the value of a – 4b + 6c – 4d + e is :

(A) 0 (B) 2a (C) 2c (D) 2e

47. The sum of first four terms of an A.P. is 56 and sum of its last four terms is 112. If its first
term is 11, then number of its terms is/are
(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D) None of these

48. If 2 + 5 + 8 + 11 + ... 2n terms = 57+ 59 + 61 + 63 + ... n terms, then n =

(A)10 (B)12 (C)11 (D)13

49. The third term of an A.P. is 9 and the difference of the seventh and the second term is
20. If the number 2001 is the nth term of the sequence then n is
(A) equal to 499 (B) is equal to 500
(C) equal to 501 (D) can have no value

50. Given that Sn = 1+ 3 + 5 + ... n terms. p, q, r are positive integers such that Sp+ Sq= Sr.
The smallest value of p + q +r is
(A) 12 (B) 10 (C) 24 (D) 18

51. If a, x, y, z, b are in A.P., and if x + y + z =15, then a + b =

(A) 15 (B) 10 (C) 30 (D) 20

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52. The sum of three positive numbers constituting an arithmetic progression is 15. If we
add 1, 4, 19 to those numbers respectively, we get a geometric progression.The numbers
are
(A) 2, 5, 8 (B) 8, 5, 2 (C) 5, 8, 2 (D) All of these

53. The dimesions of a rectangular parallelopiped are a > b > c. The volume = 216 and the
total outer surface area=252. If a, b, c are in G.P., then c=
(A) 3 (B) 1 (C) 5 (D) 2

1 1 1 
54. Let x=log 0.4  + 2
+ 3
+ ...   . The value of (0.16)x is
3 3 3 
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 8 16

55. Given the geometric progression 3, 6, 12, 24, …… The term 12288 would occur as the
(A) 11th term (B) 12th term (C) 13th term (D) 14th term

56. The sum of the first 10 terms of a certain G.P. is equal to 244 times the sum of the first 5
terms. Then the common ratio is
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) None

57. If x, y, z are pth, qth and rth terms respectively of a G.P., then x q  r  y r  p  z p  q is simplified to
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) xyz (D) None of these

58. The value of 91/3 . 91/9. 91/27 ……… upto  , is

(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 9 (D) None of these

1 1 1 
59. The value of x log b a where a  0.2, b  5 and x      .........  , is
 4 8 16 
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 1/2 (D) 4

60. The sum of the first ten terms of the geometric progression is S1 and the sum of the
next ten terms (11th through 20th) is S2, then the common ratio will be
S1 S1 S2 S1
(A)  10 (B)  (C)  10 (D)
S2 S2 S1 S2

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EXERCISE - 1[C]

ONLY ONE IS CORRECT

1. Find the sum of all the even positive and integers less than 200 which are not divisible
by 6
(A) 6535 (B) 6539 (C) 6534 (D) 6532

a2 a3
2. The sum of n terms of the series log a  log  log 2  ....... is (a, b > 0)
b b
a
(A) n log  (B) n log (ab)
b
n2 a n n2 a n
(C) log  log(ab) (D) log  log(ab)
2 b 2 2 b 2

3. If first, second and last terms of an A.P. are a,b,c respectively, then the sum of all terms is
(a  b  c)(a  c) (b  c  2a)(a  c)
(A) (B)
2(b  c) 2(b  a)

(b  c  2a)(a  c)
(C) (D) None of these
2(b  a)

4. If a and  be the first and last term of an A.P. and S be the sum of its all terms; then its
common difference is
2  a 2 2  a 2 2  a 2
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
2S    a 2S    a 2S    a

5. If x, y, z are in increasing A.P., then its common difference is

(A) x 2
 yz  (B) y 2
 zx  (C) z 2
 xy  (D) None of these

6. In an A.P. of which a is the first term, if the sum of the first p terms is zero, then the sum of
the next q terms is
a(p  q)q a(p  q)q a(p  q)q
(A) (B)  (C) (D) None of these
p 1 p 1 p 1

7. The series of natural numbers is divided into groups as follows ; (1), (2, 3), (4, 5, 6), (7, 8,
9, 10) and so on. The sum of the numbers in the nth group is
1 n(n 2  1) 2n(n  1) n 2 (n  1)
(A) [n(n 2  1)] (B) (C) (D)
2 4 3 2

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8. If the sum of four numbers in A.P. be 48 and that the product of the extremes is to the
product of the means is 27 to 35 then the numbers are
(A) 3, 9, 15, 21 (B) 9, 5, 7, 3 (C) 6, 10, 14, 18 (D) None of these

1 3 7 15
9. The sum to the first n terms of the series + + + + ... is 9 + 2–10. The value of n is
2 4 8 16
(A) 10 (B) 9 (C) 8 (D) none of these

10. n > 1 is an integer. The largest integer m, such that nm+1 divides 1+ n + n2+... n127, is
(A) 127 (B) 63 (C) 64 (D) 32

11. If S denotes the sum to infinity and Sn the sum of n terms of the series
1 1 1 1
1    ......., such that S  S n  , , then the least value of n is
2 4 8 1000
(A) 11 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 8

2 2 2
 1  2 1   3 1 
12. The sum of 10 terms of the series  x     x  2    x  3   ....... is
 x  x   x 

 x 20  1  x 22  1   x18  1  x 11  1 
(A)  2  20   20 (B)  2  9   20
 x  1  x   x  1  x 

 x18  1  x 11  1 
(C)  2  9   20 (D) None of these
 x  1  x 

13. If 0 < x, y, a, b < 1, then the sum of infinite terms of the series

x ( a  x )  x ( ab  xy )  x (b a  y x )  ......... is

ax x x x
(A)  (B) 
1 b 1 y 1 b 1 y

x x ax x
(C)  (D) 
1 b 1 y 1 b 1 y

14. If sum of 3 terms of a G.P. is S, product is P, and sum of reciprocal of its terms is R, then the
value of P 2 R3 equals to
(A) S (B) S3 (C) 2S2 (D) S2/R

15. A ball falls from a height of 100 mts. on a floor. If in each rebound, it describes (4 / 5)th
height of the previous falling height, then the total distance travelled by the ball before
it comes to rest is
(A)  (B) 500 mts (C) 1000 mts (D) 900 mts

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16. If first terms of a decreasing infinite G.P. is 1 and sum is S, then sum of squares of its terms
is
(A) S2 (B) 1/ S2 (C) S2/(2S – 1) (D) S2/(2S + 1)

17. A geometric progression consists of an even number of terms. The sum of all the terms is
three times that of the odd terms, the common ratio of the progression will be
(A) 1/2 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 1/3

18. If sum of infinite G.P. is x and sum of square of its terms is y, then common ratio is
x2  y x2  y x2  y2 x2  y2
(A) 2 (B) (C) (D)
x y x2  y x2  y 2 x2  y2

19. If 1 + r + r2 + ………+ rn = (1 + r) (1 + r2) (1 + r4) (1 + r8), then the value of n is

(A) 13 (B) 14 (C) 15 (D) 16

20. The sum of 10 terms of the series .7 + .77 + .777 + …… is

7 1  7 1  7 1 
(A)  89  10  (B)  89  10  (C)  89  9  (D) None of these
9 10  81  10  9 10 

21. The sum of the first n terms of an A.P. is half of the sum of the next n terms. In the usual
S3n
notation, the value S is
n
(A) 10 (B) 8 (C) 6 (D) 4

22. The equation x2 – 3x – ai = 0 has integral roots for natural numbers ai not exceeding 300.
The value of  ai is
(A) 360 (B) 1240 (C) 1574 (D) 1600

n n
4
23. Let  r  f(n) . Then the sum  (2r  1)4 is
r 1 r 1
(A) f(2n) – 16f (n) (B) f (2n) – f (n) (C) f (2n) – 4f (n) (D) none of these

24. p, q, r are positive numbers in A.P. The roots of px2 + qx + r = 0 are real for
r p
(A) p  7  4 3 (B) r  7  4 3 (C) all p and r (D) all q and r

25. If log (5. 2x 1) 2 ; log ( 21 x 1) 4 and 1 are in Harmonical Progression then
(A) x is a positive real (B) x is a negative real
(C) x is rational which is not integral (D) x is an integer

26. Consider an A.P. with first term 'a' and the common difference d. Let Sk denote the sum of
Skx
the first K terms. Let S is independent of x, then
x
(A) a = d/2 (B) a = d (C) a = 2d (D) none
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27. If p , q, r in H.P. and p & r be different having same sign then the roots of the equation
px2 + 2qx + r = 0 are
(A) real & equal (B) real & distinct (C) irrational (D) imaginary

28. If Sn denotes the sum of the first n terms of a G.P. , with the first term and the common ratio
both positive, then
(A) Sn , S2n , S3n form a G.P.
(B) Sn , S2n – Sn , S3n – S2n form a G.P.
(C) S2n – Sn , S3n – S2n , S3n – Sn form a G.P.
(D) S2n–Sn , S3n–S2n , S3n–Sn form a G.P.

1 1.3 1.3.5 1.3.5.7

29.     ................ is equal to
2.4 2.4.6 2.4.6.8 2.4.6.8.10
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
4 3 2
2k  2


30. The sum  k equal to

k 1 3

(A) 12 (B) 8 (C) 6 (D) 4

22 32 42 52 62
31. The sum of the infinite series, 12 –  2  3  4  5 +........ is :
5 5 5 5 5
1 25 25 125
(a) (B) (C) (D)
2 24 54 252

32. If x1 , x 2 ,...x n are n non-zero real numbers such that

(x 12  x 22  ...  x n21 )(x 22  x 32  ...  x n2 )  (x 1x 2  x 2 x 3  .......  x n1x n )2 then x1 ,x 2 ,...,x n
are in :
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) None of these.

1 1 3 5 2n  1
33. If H n  1   ...  , then value of Sn  1    ...  is :
2 n 2 3 n
(A) Hn  n (B) 2n  H n (C) (n  1)  H n (D) H n  2n

34. If x, y, z are real and 4x 2  9y 2  16z 2  6xy  12yz  8zx  0, then x, y, z are :
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) None of these

35. Let an  111......1.

 The remainder when a124 is divided by 271 is :
n times
(A) 23 (B) 25 (C) 27 (D) 29

36. If x = a + (a/r) + (a/r2) + …  , y = b – (b/r) + (b/r2) – …  and z = c + (c/r2) + (c/r4) +

…  , then xy/z is simplified to
ab bc ca
(A) (B) (C) (D) abc
c a b
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 4 3 in the interval   ,   are

2
x| |cos 3 x|......)
37. The solution of the equation (8) (1|cos x||cos

    2
(A)  , (B)  ,  (C)  , (D) None of these
3 6 3 3 3

38. If a, b, c, d are in G.P., then the value of (a – c)2 + (b – c)2 + (b – d)2 – (a – d)2 is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) a + d (D) a – d

39. Sum of n terms of 1 + (1 + x) + (1 + x + x2) + (1 + x + x2 + x3) + …… is

1  xn x 1  x n  n(1 x)  x(1 x n )
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
1 x 1x (1 x)2

3 5
40. The 6th term of the series 2  1  1 ,.......... is
4 9
(A) 7/6 (B) 6/7 (C) 6/19 (D) 3/7

41. If sum of AM & HM between two numbers is 25 & their GM is 12,then sum of numbers is
(A) 9 (B) 18 (C) 32 (D) 18 or 32

42. Given two numbers a and b, let A denotes the single A.M. and S denotes the sum of n
A.M.’s between a and b, then S/A depend on
(A) n, a, b (B) n, b (C) n, a (D) n

43. a, b, c are in A.P. If x is the GM between a and b and y is the GM between b and c, then the
A.M. between x2 and y2 will be
(A) a2 (B) b2 (C) c2 (D) None of these

44. If A and G are respectively A.M. and G.M. of roots of a quadratic equation, then it is
(A) x2 + 2Ax + G2 = 0 (B) x2 – 2Ax + G2 = 0
2
(C) x – Ax + G = 0 (D) None of these

45. If A.M. between p and q (p > q) is two times the GM, then p : q is
(A) 1 : 1 (B) 2 : 1 
(C) 2  3 : 2  3   (D) 3 : 1

46. If a, b, c are in G.P. and A.M. between a, b and b, c are respectively p and q, then the value
of (a/p) + (c/q) is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 1/2
47. The modulus of G.M. of roots of the equation x2 – 2ax + b2 = 0,  b  0  is equal to
which type of mean of roots of x2 – 2bx + a2 = 0?
(A) A.M. (B) G.M. (C) H.M. (D) None of these

48. If A, G and H are respectively A.M., G.M. and H.M. of three positive numbers a, b and c,
then the equation whose roots are a, b and c is given by
(A) x3 – 3Ax2 + 3G3x + G3 = 0 (B) x3 – 3Ax2 + 3(G3/H)x – G3 = 0
3 2 3 3
(C) x + 3Ax + 3(G /H)x – G = 0 (D) x3 – 3Ax2 – 3(G3/H)x + G3 = 0

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49. Find sum of the series 1.32 + 2.52 + 3.72 + ………. to 20 terms
(A) 188090 (B) 94045 (C) 325178 (D) 812715

50. The sum of the series 1.3.5 + 3.5.7 + 5.7.9 + ……up to n terms, is
(A) 8n3 + 12n2 – 2n – 3 (B) n (8n3 + 11n2 – n – 3)
3 2
(C) n (2n + 8n + 7n – 2) (D) None of these

1 1 1
51. The sum to infinity of the following series    ....... shall be
1 2 2  3 3  4
(A)  (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) None of these

52. The number of terms in the sequence 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, ……, 5050 is
(A) 50 (B) 100 (C) 101 (D) 105

53. The sum of the infinite series 12 + 22 x + 32 x2 + …… is

(A) (1 + x) / (1 – x)3 (B) (1 + x)/(1 – x) (C) x / (1 – x)3 (D) 1 /(1 – x)3

3 5 7
54. The sum of infinite series 1     ...... is
2 4 8
(A) 2/9 (B) 2/3 (C) – 2/9 (D) 9/2

55. Sum the series 1 + 3 + 7 + 15 + 31 + ………… to n terms is

(A) 2n – 2 – n (B) 2n+1 + 2 + n (C) 2n+1 – 2 – n (D) None of these

56. a, b, c, d are positive numbers in A.P. Then abc, abd, acd, bcd are
(A) not in A.P. G.P. H.P (B) in A.P.
(C) in G.P. (D)in H.P.

57. If the roots of the equation (b – c)x2 + (c – a)x + (a – b) = 0 are equal, then a, b, c are in
:
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) None of these

58. If the sum to n terms of a series be 3(2n – 1), then it is

(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) None of these

59. If a, b, c are in A.P., x = 1 + a + a2 + ……  , y = 1 + b + b2 +……  and z = 1 + c +

c2 +……  ,  where a  1, b  1and c  1 then x, y, z are in
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) None of these

60. If a, b, c, x are real numbers and (a2 + b2)x2 – 2b(a + c)x + (b2 + c2) = 0, then a, b, c are
in
(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) None of these

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WINDOW TO JEE - MAIN

1. The sum of the series 13 – 23 + 33 – ......+ 93 = (2002)

(A) 300 (B) 125 (C) 425 (D) 0

2. If the sum of an infinite GP is 20 and sum of their square is 100 then common ratio will be =
(2002)
(A) 1/2 (B) 1/4 (C) 3/5 (D) 1

3. If the third term of an A.P. is 7 and its 7th term is 2 more than three times of its 3rd term, then sum of
its first 20 terms is- (2002)
(A) 228 (B) 74 (C) 740 (D) 1090

4. Let two numbers have arithmetic mean 9 and geometric mean 4. Then these numbers are the roots
of the quadratic equation- (2004)
(A) x2 + 18 x + 16 = 0 (B) x2 – 18x + 16 = 0
(C) x2 + 18 x – 16 = 0 (D) x2 – 18 x – 16 = 0

5. Let Tr be the rth term of an A.P. whose first term is a and common difference is d. If for some
1 1
positive integers m, n, m  n, Tm = and Tn = , then a – d equals- (2004)
n m
1 1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 1/mn (D) 
m n

2
n  n  1
6. The sum of the first n terms of the series 12 + 2. 22 + 32 + 2.42 + 52 + 2.62 +..... is
2
when n is even. When n is odd the sum is - (2004)
2 2
3n  n  1 n 2  n  1 n  n  1  n  n  1 
(A) (B) (C) (D)  
2 2 4  4 

  
7. If x   a n , y   bn , z   cn where a, b, c are in A.P. and | a | < 1, | b | < 1, | c | < 1 then x,
n 0 n 0 n 0
y, z are in (2005)
(A) GP (B) AP
(C) Arithmetic - Geometric Progression (D) HP

a1  a 2  ...  a p p2 a6
8. Let a1, a2, a3, ..... be terms of an A.P. If a  a  ...  a  2, p  q then a equals –
1 2 q q 21

7 2 11 41
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 7 41 11
(2006)

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9. If a1, a2, ..... an are in H.P., then the expression a1a2 + a2a3 + .... + an –1an is equal to –
(A) (n – 1) (a1 – an) (B) na1an (C) (n – 1) a1an (D) n (a1 – an)
(2006)

10. In a geometric progression consisting of positive terms, each term equals the sum of the next two terms.
Then the common ratio of this progression equals- (2009)
1 1 1 1
(A)
2

1 5  (B)
2
5 (C)
2
5 (D)
2
 
5 1

2 6 10 14
11. The sum to infinity of the series 1   2  3  4  .... (2009)
3 3 3 3
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6

12. A person is to count 4500 currency notes. Let an denote the number of notes he counts in the nth
minute.If a1 = a2 = .... = a10 = 150 and a10, a11,... are in an AP with common difference – 2, then
the time taken by him to count all notes is - (2010)
(A) 24 minutes (B) 34 minutes (C) 125 minutes (D)135 minutes

13. A man saves Rs. 200 in each of the first three months of his service. In each of the subsequent
months of his service. In each of the subsequent months his saving increases by Rs. 40 more than the
saving of immediately previous month. His total saving from the start of service will be Rs. 11040
after : (2011)
(A) 18 months (B) 19 months (C) 20 months (D) 21 months

14. Statement-1 : The sum of the series 1 + (1 + 2 + 4) + (4 + 6 + 9) + (9 + 12 + 16) + .... +

(361 + 380 + 400) is 8000. (2012)
n

  k   k  1   n
3 3 3
Statement-2 : , for any natural number n
k 1

(a) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.

(b) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(c) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(d) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.

15. If 100 times the 100th term of an AP with nonzero common difference equals the 50 times its 50th
term, then the 150th term of this AP is : (2012)
(A) . 150 (B) 150  50th term (C) 150 (D) zero

16. The sum of first 20 terms of the sequence 0.7, 0.77, 0.777, ......, is (2013)
7 7 7 7
(A)
81
179  10 20  (B)
9
 99  1020  (C)
81
179  10 20  (D)
9
 99  10 20 

17. If x, y, z are in A.P. and tan–1x, tan–1y and tan–1z are also in A.P., then (2013)
(A) x = y = z (B) 2x = 3y = 6z (C) 6x = 3y = 2z (D) 6x = 4y = 3z

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EXERCISE - 2[A]
ONE OR MORE THAN ONE MAY BE CORRECT

1. If a, b, c are distinct, positive reals in H.P., then quadratic equation ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 has
(a) two non-real roots such that their sum is real
(B) two distinct real roots
(C) two non real conjugate roots
(D) two equal real roots

2. Let a, b, c, d, p are real and distinct such that

(a2 + b2 + c2) p2 – 2(ab+ bc + cd)p + (b2 + c2 + d2)  0, then a, b, c, d
(A) are in A.P. (B) are in G.P. (C) are in H.P. (D) satisfy ad=bc

3. If the sum of first 100 terms of an A.P. is –1 and the sum of the terms at even positions in
first 100 terms is 1,then which of the following statement(s) is/are correct ?
(A) Common difference of the arithmetic progression is –3/50.
(B) First term of the arithmetic progression is 149/50.
(C) 100th term of the arithmetic progression is 74/25.
(D) Sum of an infinite geometric progression whose first term is 47/25 and common ratio
is common difference of arithmetic sequence, equals 2.

4. If three positive real numbers a, b, c are the pth, qth and rth term of a G.P., then the value
of (q  r)log a  (r  p)log b  (p  q)log c :
(A) is inderpendent of p, q, r (B) is inderpendent of a, b, c
(C) equals a constant (D) depends on the base of log

5. Let  ,  be the roots of ax 2  bx  c  0 and  ,  be the roots of px 2  qx  r  0. If  ,  ,  , 

are in H.P., then :
b2  4ac c2    1 b  q   1 b
 q b2  4ac a2
(A)  (B)   4  c  r  (C)   4  c  r  (D) 
q 2  4pr r2     q 2  4pr p2

6. The roots of the equation ax 3  bx 2  x  1  0 are real, distinct and are in H.P., then :
(A) b  (, 1/ 3) (B) a  (1/ 27, ) (C) 27a  9b  2 (D) None of these

7. Let a,b,c > 0 such that a, b, c are the sides of  ABC . Also, a, b, c are in G.P. and
log a  log b  log 2 , log b  log c  log(1.5) and log 3  log c  log a are in A.P., then :
(A)  ABC is an acute angled triangle (B)  ABC is an obtuse angled triangle
(C) cosB  61/ 72 (D) cosC  101/108

1 1 1  1 1 1
8. If a, b, c are in H.P., then the expression E         equals :
 b c a  c a b 

2 1 1 3 2 1  3 2
(A) bc  2 (B)   (C)  (D) None of these
b 4  c2 ca a2  b 2
ab

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9. Let a and b be two positive real numbers. Suupose A1, A2 are two arithmetic means; G1, G2
are two geometric means and H1, H 2 are two harmonic means between a and b; then :
GG
1 2 1 A A
2
G1G2 5 2  a b 
(A) H H  H  H (B) H H  9  9  b  a 
1 2 1 2 1 2  

1H H
2 9ab GG
1 2 1 H H
2
(C) A  A  (2a  b)(a  2b) (D) H H  A  A
1 2 1 2 1 2

1 1 1
10. If S   2  3  ... up to  , then :
3 3 3
log (S)
(A) (0.25) 2  4 (B) (0.008)log5 (S)  8
(C) (0.008)log5 (S)  4 (D) (0.25)log 2(S)  8

11. The numbers 1, 5, 25 can be three terms (not necessarily consecutive) of :

(A) At least one A.P. (B) At least one G.P.
(C) Infinite number of A.P.’s (D) Infinite number of G.P.’s

12. If a, b, c are in H.P., then :

a b c 2 1 1
(A) , , are in H.P. (B)  
bca c ab a bc b ba bc

b b b a b c
(C) a  , ,c  are in G.P. (D) , , are in H.P.
2 2 2 bc ca a b

13. Sum to n terms of the series S  12  2(2)2  32  2(4 2 )  52  2(62 )  ... is :

1 1 2
(A) n(n  1)2 when n is even (B) n (n  1) when n is odd
2 2
1 2 1
(C) n (n  2) when n is odd (D) n(n  2)2 when n is even
4 4

14. If 2 and 31 appear as two terms in an A.P., then :

(A) Common difference of the A.P. is a rational number
(B) All the terms of the A.P. must be rational
(C) All the terms of the A.P. must be integers.
(D) Sum to any finite number of terms of the A.P. must be rational.

15. Let three terms of a non-constant positive G.P. be the sides of a triangle. If r is the common
ratio of the G.P. then
(A) 1  r  2cos 36º (B) 2 sin18º  r  1 (C) r 2  r 2  4 (D) None of these

16. If a, b, c are in A.P., and a 2 , b2 ,c 2 are in H.P.  a  b  c  then :

(A) a,2b,c are in G.P (B) a, b, c are in H.P
c a
(C) a,b,  are in G.P. (D)  , b, c are in G.P.
2 2
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a n  (111... 1),
 then :
17. Let
n times
(A) a912 is not prime (B) a951 is not prime
(C) a480 is not prime (D) a91 is not prime

18. If b1,b2,b3(b1  0) are three successive terms of a G.P. with common ratio r, the value of r
for which the inequality b3  4b2  3b1 holds is given by :
(A) r > 3 (B) r < 1 (C) r = 3.5 (D) r = 5.2

1 1 1 1
19. For a positive integer n, let a(n)  1     ...  n . Then :
2 3 4 (2 )  1
n
(A) a(n)  n (B) a(n)  (C) a(2n)  n (D) a(2n)  2n
2
1 1 1
20. Let (n)  1    ....  (1)n1
2 3 n
1 1 1
(A)   ...   (2n) (B) (2n)  1  n
n 1 n  2 2n
(C) (2n)  0.5  n (D) 0.5  (n)  1  n

21. If a, b, c, d are distinct positive numbers in H.P., then true statement is

(A) ab > cd (B) ac > bd (C) ad > bc (D) b2 < ac

22. a,b,c and d are positive reals in H.P. Consider the following statements :-
(A) b + c  a + d (B) bc  ad (C) a + c  2b (D) bd  c2

23. Which of the following is/are Wrong?

(a) 1, 3 , 12 cannot be terms of an A.P. (b) 1, 3, 12 cannot be terms of an A.P.
2
(c) 875 , 25 , 243 can be terms of a G.P. (d) 6, 162, can not be terms of a G.P.
81

24. Which of the following is/are True ?

(a) The sum of the latter half of 2n terms of any A.P. is one-third the sum of 3n terms of the
same A.P.
(b) The sums of n terms of three arithmetical progressions are S1, S2 and S3. The first term
of each is unity and the common differences are 1, 2 and 3 respectively, then S1 + S3 =
2S2.
(c) The sum of first n terms of an A.P. can never be equal to the sum of next n terms of the
A.P.
(d) All of these

25. Which of the following is/are True ?

(a)If the common ratio of an infinite G.P. be less than 1/2, then each term will be greater
than the sum of all the terms that follow it.
1
(b) If the common ratio of an infinite G.P is then the sum of infinite terms is twice the
2
first term.
(c) Sum of an infinite G.P. can never be smaller than its first term.
(d) None of these
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cos ec 2
26. In Tn is the nth term of H.P. whose first term is cos ec 2  and 7th term is then
1  cos ec 4
1 2
(a) The maximum value of T4 is (b) The maximum value of T4 is
2 3
1 1
(c) The maximum value of T13 is (d) The maximum value of T13 is
2 2 3

27. If the triplets log a, log b, log c and (log a – log 2b) (log 2b – log 3c), (log 3c – log a) are in arithmetic
progression, then (a, b, c > 0)
2
(A) 18  a  b  c   18  a 2  b2  c 2   ab
(B) a, b, c are in GP
(C) a, b, c are in AP
(D) a, b, c can be the length of the sides of a triangle

28. The sum of the first three terms of the GP in which the difference between the second the first term
is 6 and the difference between the fourth and the third term is 54, is
(A) 39 (B) –10.5 (C) 27 (D) –27

29. If 9th, 13th and 15th terms of an arithmetic progression are the first three terms of GP, where a = 80
(1 – r), then which of the following hold(s) good?
(A) Sum of the first 16 terms, of the GP is 860
(B) First term of the arithmetic progression is 80
(C) First term of the geometric progression is 40
(D) If d is the common difference of arithmatic progression and r is the common ratio of GP, then
5
dr  
2

30. The first term of an infinite GP is 21. The second term and the sum of the series are both positive
integers. The possible value(s) of the second term can be
(A) 12 (B) 14 (C) 18 (D) 20

an21
31. Consider the sequence {an} with a1 = 2 and an  for all n  3 , terms of the sequence being
an  2
distinct. Given that, a2 and a5 are positive integers and a5  162 , then possible value(s) of a5 can be
(A) 2 (B) 32 (C) 64 (D) 162

32. If the roots of the eqution x3 + px2 + qx – 1 = 0 form an increasing GP, where p and q are real,then
(A) p + q = 0
(B) p   3,  
(C) one of the roots is unity
(D) one root is smaller than 1 and one root is greater than 1

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y
33. If sin (x – y), sin x and sin (x + y) are in HP, then sin x.sec is
2
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C)  2 (D) –2

34. Let a, b, c are the first three terms of GP. If the HM of a and b is 12 and that of b and c is 36, then
which of the following hold(s) good?
(A) Sum of the first term an common ratio of the GP is 11
(B) Sumof the first five terms of GP is 948
(C) If the value of the first term and common ratio of the given GP is taken as the first term and
common difference of an AP, then its 8th term is 29
(D) The number 648 is one of the term of the GP

a 2a 3 a 2  a 3  a 2  a3 
35. If a a  a  a  3  a  a  , then
1 4 1 4  1 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) , , , are in AP (B) , , , are in HP
a1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a1 a 2 a 3 a 4
(C) a1, a2, a3, a4 are in AP (D) a1, a2, a3, a4 are in HP

2 2 2  15 5 3 
36. If x  9y  25z  xyz     , then
 x y z
(A) x, y, z are in AP (B) x, y, z are in HP
(C) x : y : z = 15 : 5 : 3 (D) x : y : z = 3 : 5 : 15


37. The sum of three positive numbers , ,  is equal to . If ecot  , e cot  and ecot  form a GP.
2
Then, which of the following hold(s) good.
(A)  cot    cot  (B) 2 cot   cot   cot 

(C) cot .cot   3 (D) 4 cot    sin2

99
5100
38. If S   n
n 1  25   5100
(A) S = 49.5 (B) S = 50 (C) S = 49 (D) S = 50.5

343
39. Let a and b be positive integers. The value of xyz is 55 or according a, x, y, z and b are in AP
55
or HP, then
b
(A) a2 + b2 = 50 (B) 7 (C) a + b = 8 (D) a2 + b2 = 25
a

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40. Which one of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?

(A) Sum of the reciprocals of all the n HM’s inserted between a and b is equal to n times the
harmonic mean between two given natural numbers a and b
(B) Sum of the cubes of first n natural numbers is equal to square of the sum of the first n natural
numbers
2n
(C) If a, A1, A2, ...., A2n, b are in AP, then A i  n a  b
i 1

(D) If the first term of the GP g1, g2, ...,  is unity, then the value of the common ratio of the
2
progression such that  4g 2  5g 3  is minimum equals  
5

41. Let a1, a2, a3, ... and b1, b2, b3, ... be AP such that a1 = 25, b1 = 75 and a100 + b100 = 100. Then,
(A) The difference between successive terms in progression a is opposite the difference in progression b
(B) an + bn = 100 for any n
(C)  a1  b1  ,  a 2  b 2  ,  a 3  b3  .... are in AP
100

(D)  a
r 1
r  b r   10000

42. Let E  x 2  3x  2 , 0  x  2 and r  E  d for the given values of x.

If S  3   3  d  r   3  2d  r 2  ... , then which of the following is/are correct?
21
(A) 10th term of the series is  (B) 4r + d – 1 = 0
218
 52 
(C) Sum of infinite terms of the series equals  
 25 
(D) d = –2

43. If a, b, c  R  and a + b + c = 8, then

a 2  b2 b2  c2 c2  a 2 a 2  b2 b2  c2 c2  a 2
(A)   8 (B)   2
ab bc ca ab bc ca
(C) a 2 b 2  b 2 c 2  c 2 a 2  8abc (D) a 2  b 2  c 2  18

44. Which of the following is true for any natural number?

n 1 n 2n
 1   1  n 1
n 3
(A)  1    1   (B) n     n!
 n 1  n  2 
n
(C)  n  1  2.4.6....2n (D) 2n  1  n.2 n 1 2

45. If x1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , x 5 , x 6 are real positive roots of the equation x 6  p  x  where P(x) is a 5

x1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6
degree polynomial, where       1 , p(0) = –1, then
2 3 4 9 8 27
(A) x 5  x1  x 3 .x 4 (B) product of roots of P(x) = 0 is 6/53
(C) x 2 , x 4 , x 6 are inG.P. (D) x1 , x 2 , x 3 are in A.P.
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EXERCISE - 2[B]
COMPREHENSION TYPE
PASSAGE - I

Let Ar denote the sum of first 'r' terms of an AP whose first term is '2r' and the common
diffrence
is (2r –2). Let Br = Ar+2 – Ar+1 and Cr = Br+1 – Br for r = 1, 2, 3 .........

1. The sum of A1 + A2 + .......... + An is

1 1
(A)
4

n  n  1 n 2  n  2  (B)
4

 n  1 n  2  n 2  n  2 
1
(C)
4

n n2  n  2  (D)
1
4
(n + 1) (n2 + n + 2)

2. B10 is
(A) a prime number (B) an odd number
(C) a composite number (D) divisible by 10

3. Which one is correct statement :

(A) C1, C2, C3 .... are in A.P. with common difference 10
(B) C1, C2, C3 .... are in A.P. with common difference 6
(C) C1, C2, C3 .... are in A.P. with common difference 2
(D) C1 = C2 = C3 ....

PASSAGE - II

Consider the equation |x2 – 2x – 3| = m, m  0.

4. If given equation has four solutions, then

(A) m  (0, ) (B) m = 4 (C) m  (0, 4) (D) m = 8

1
5. If given equation has three solutions and number of A.M's are inserted between 6 and
2 is 3m , then sum of all these A.M's is
(A) 11 (B) 12 (C) 13 (D) 14

6. Given equation has two solutions and third term of a G.P. is square of its first term. If sum
of first term and common ratio is equal to the least possible value of m, then 6th term of the
G.P. is
(A) 8 (B) 11 (C) 10 (D) –1
PASSAGE - III

a, b, c, d is a sequence of four positive numbers such that first three are in H.P. and the last
three are in A.P. If a = 3 and common difference of the A.P. is 2, then

7. The value of c + d is
(A) 7 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 14
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8. If three A.M.'s are intserted between b and c and c + d = k, then the value of third A.M. is
k k4 k8 k  10
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 4 4

9. If 6 G.M.'s are inserted between kb7 and kd7, where k is as given in the above question,
then the common ratio of the G.P. thus formed is
(A) 1/2 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 1/3

PASSAGE - IV

Let a1, a2, ....... an be n-positive real numbers and x1, x2, ....... xn be n-positive rational
numbers,
x 1a1  x 2a 2  .....  x na n
then weighted Arithmetic mean = A = ,
x1  x 2  .....  x n
1


weighted Geometric mean = G = a1 . a 2 ....... a n
x1 x2 xn
 x1  x 2  ...... x n ,

x1  x 2  .........  x n
weighted Harmonic mean = H =
x1 x 2 x
  ........  n
a1 a2 an
and satisfy A  G  H (equality holds iff a1 = a2 ....... = an)

Let a + b + c = 2 and 3x + 4y + 5z = 5 (a, b, c, x, y, z, > 0)

10. Maximum value of a3 b3 c4 is

36.44 36.46 34.4 4 35.45
(A) (B) (C) (D)
510 510 510 510

11. Minimum value of 1 / a  9 / b  36 / c is

(A) 10 (B) 1000 (C) 46 (D) 50

12. Maximum value of (1 + x)3 (2 + y)4 (4 + z)5 is

12 12
 10 
(A) 212 (B) 312 (C)  11 (D)  
3 3

PASSAGE - V

The first four terms of a sequence are given by T1 = 0, T2 = 1, T3 = 1, T4 = 2

The general term is given by Tn  A n 1  B  n 1 , where A , B and  ,  are independent of n and
A is positive.

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13. The value of  2   2     is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 5

14. The value of 5(A2 + B2) is

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

15. The quadratic eqation, whose roots are  and  , is given by

(A) x 2  2 x  1  0 (B) x 2  2 x  2  0 (C) x 2  x  1  0 (D) None of these

PASSAGE - VI

Let the quantities, 1, logy x, logz y, –15 logx z be the first four terms of an AP with common difference
d. All the terms of an AP being real.  x, y, z  0,  1

16. Common difference d of an AP satisfies the equation

(A) 6d 3  11d 2  6d  16  0 (B) 6d 3  11d 2  6d  16  0
(C) 6d 3  11d 2  6d  16  0 (D) 6d 3  11d 2  6d  16  0

17. The value of  xz 3  xy  yz 3  is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

18. The value of (x2 y2) is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

PASSAGE - VII

The real roots of the equation 2x3 – 19x2 + 57x + k = 0 are the first three terms of a geomatric
progression

19. The value of k is

(A) 216 (B) 100 (C) –54 (D) –108

20. If the geomatrical progression is increasing, then the sum of its first n terms is

 3
n  3 n   3 n 
(A)    1 (B)  2   1
6 n
(C) 4 (2 –1) (D)  2   1
4
 2      

21. If the geomatric progression is decreasing , then the sum of its infinite number of term is
27 9
(A) (B) 9 (C) (D) 12
2 2
PASSAGE - VIII

Let a1, a2, ...., be an AP and b1, b2, ..., be a GP. The sequence c1, c2, c3, ..., is such that cn = an + bn
 n  N . Suppose c1 = 1, c2 = 4, c3 = 15 and c4 = 2.

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22. The common ratio of GP is

(A) –2 (B) –3 (C) 2 (D) 3

20

23. The value of  a i is

i 1

(A) 480 (B) 770 (C) 960 (D) 1040

PASSAGE - IX

In a sequence of (4n + 1) terms, the first (2n + 1) terms are in AP whose common difference is 2 and
the last (2n + 1) terms are in GP, whose common ratio is 0.5. If the middle terms of the AP and GP
are equal, then

24. First term of the sequence is

4n  2n.2n 4n  2n.2n 2n  n.2n
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
2n  1 2n  1 2n  1

25. Middle term of the sequence is

n.2n 1 n.2n  2
(A) n (B) n (V) n.2n (D) None of these
2 1 2 1

26. Middle term of GP is

2n n.2n n 2n
(A) n (B) n (C) n (D) n
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1

PASSAGE - X

n  n  1
We know that, 1  2  3  ...  n   f n
2
n  n  1 2n  1
12  22  32  ...  n 2   g n
6
2
3 3 3  n  n  1 
3
1  2  3  ...  n     h n 
 2 
27. Then g (n) – g (n – 1) must be equal of
(A) (n – 1)2 (B) n2 (C) n – 1 (D) n3

28. Greatest even natural number which divides g (n) – f (n), for every n  2 is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) None of these

29. f (n) + 3g (n) + h (n) is divisible by 1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n

(A) only if n = 1 (B) only if n is odd (C) only if n is even (D) for all n  N

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PASSAGE - XI

Let am (m = 1,2 ,3,...,p) be the possible integral value of a for which the graphs of f (x) = ax2 + 2bx + b
p
and g (x) = 5x2 – 3bx – a meets at some point for all real values of b. Let t r    r  a m  and
m 1

n
Sn   t r , n  N .
r 1

30. The sum of values of n for which Sn vanishes is

(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 15


1
31. The value of  is equal to
r 5 tr
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 6 15 18

ASSERTION REASONING TYPE

(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true but statement-2 is not the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

32. Let a 0 ,a1,a 2 ,a 3 ,.... be an arithemetic progression.

cos a1  cos a 2n 1
Statement-1 : sina 2  sina 4  ....  sina 2n 
2 sin(a 2  a1 )
cos a 2n 1  cos a1
Statement-2 : cos a 2  cos a 4  ....  cos a 2n  2cos(a 2  a1 )

33. Let a1 ,a 2 ,a 3 ,.... be a sequence of real numbers such that sum to n terms of the sequence
is (n  2)2n 1  n  N
Statement-1 : If t r  a r / 2r , then t1 ,t 2 ,t 3 .... froms an A.P.
Statement-2 : If Tr  r / a r , then T1,T2 ,T3 .... froms an G.P.

34. Statement-1 : Let the first 10 terms of a sequence be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10

respectively, then its 11th term must be 11.
Statement-2 : If in a sequence < an >, an+1 – an = ‘d ‘ , a constant  n  N , then its
nth term an is given by an = a1 + (n–1)d.

35. Statement-1 : There exists no A.P. whose three terms are 3, 5 and 7.
tr  tp
Statement-2 : If tp , tq and tr are three distinct terms of an A.P., then t  t is a rational
q p

no.
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36. Statement-1 : If x  1, the sum of infinite number of

2 3
 1  1  1
1  3  1    5  1    7  1    ... is x 2  x
 x   x   x

1 y
Statement-2 : If 0  y  1, the sum of the series 1  3y  5y 2  7y 3  .... is 
(1  y)2

MATRIX MATCH TYPE

37. Column – I Column – II

P
(A) Fifth term of a GP is 2 and product of first 9 terms is P, then 64 is (P) 8
1 3
x x
2 2
(B) The minimum value of 4 4 is (Q) 4
4

(C) If three non–zero real numbers x, y, z are in A.P. and (R) 2

(x + 2y – z) (2y + z – x) (z + x – y) = kxyz, then k =

(D) In an infinite G.P. whose common ratio is ‘r’ ,first term is equal to
7 times the sum of all successive terms, then value of r 1 is (S) 1

38. Let a, b, c be in H.P., then

Column – I Column – II

a b c
(A) , , are in (P) A.P.
b  c  2a c  a  2b a  b  2c
b c c a a b
(B) , , are in (Q) G.P.
a b c
b b b
(C) a , ,c  are in (R) H.P.
2 2 2
b 1 b
(D) 1 , ,1  are in (S) A.G.P.
2a 2 2c

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39. Match Column I with Column II

COLUMN - I COLUMN - II
(A) In an AP, the series containing 99 terms, the (P) 5010
sum of all the odd numberd terms is 2550.
The sum of all the 99 terms of AP is
(B) f is a fucntion for which f(1) = 1 and (Q) 5049
f(n) = n + f(n –1) for each natural number
n  2 .The value of f(100) is
(C) Suppose, f(n) = log2 3. log3 4. log4 5...log(n –1) n, (R) 5050
100
then  f  2k  equals
k 2

(D) Concentric circles of radii 1, 2, 3, ... 100 cm (S) 5100

is drawn. The interior of the smallest circle is
colured red and the annular regions are
coloured alternately green and red, so that no
two adjacent regions are of the same colour.
The total area of green regions in sq cm is K  ,
then K equlas

40. Match Column I and Column II

2 2 2  15 5 3 
(A) If p  9q  25r  pqr     and (P) p=q=r
 p q r
p, q, r are real then
(B) log (p + r), log (r – p), log (p – 2q + r) are (Q) pqr
in AP, then
(C) Let f (x) = px2 + qx + r be a polynomial (R) p, q, r are in AP
function of second degree. If f (1) = f (–1)
and f   p  , f   q  , f   r  are in AP, then
(D) Three positive numbers p, q, r satisfy (S) p, q and r are in GP
(i) p + q + r = 25 (ii) 2 < p, q, r < 18
(iii) 2, p, q are in AP (iv) q, r, 18 are in GP, then
(T) p, q and r are in HP

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EXERCISE - 2[C]
INTEGER ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

5  9  13 ... n terms 5
1. If  , find n.
7  9  11 ... n terms 4

2. If 2+ 5+ 8 + 11 +...n terms = 950, find n.

3. An A.P. has an even number of terms. The sum of the odd terms is 24 and that of the even
terms is 30. The last term exceeds the first by 21/2 . Find the number of terms.

4. The sums of first n terms of two A.P’s are in the ratio (7n+1): (4n + 27) for all n. If the ratio
of their 11th terms be p : q where p and q are coprimes then find the sum p+q .

5. Consider the numbers 1, 2, 3 , … , 300 . If exactly k numbers out of these numbers are
divisible by either 15 or 20 then find k 6 ?

6. After deleting a certain number from the list 1, 2 , …, n , the arithmetic mean of the
S
remaining numbers is 5. If the sum of the possible values of n is S. Find
9

7. Let a, b, c, d be four distinct real numbers in A.P. Find the smallest positive integral value
3 2 3
of k satisfying 2(a – b) + k2 (b – c)2+ (c – a) = 2(a – d) + (b – d) + (c – d) .

8. If three non-zero distinct real numbers form an arithmetic progression and the squares of
these numbers taken in the same order constitute a geometric progression, then find the
sum of all possible common ratios of the geometric progression.

9. There is a number of three digits such that the digits are in G.P. If 400 be subtracted from
the number, then the digits of the new number are in A.P. Find the geometric mean of the
digits of the original number .

10. If 1+ 3 + 9+ 27 + ... n terms > 1000, find the smallest value of n.

11. Let S  2a  3b  5 c :a, b,c  W .

1 p
If n  q
nS
where p and q are coprimes then find the value p – 2q.

12. The product of three real numbers in G.P. is 216. The sum of the products of the numbers,
taken in pairs, is 156. Find the airthmetic mean of the two smaller numbers.

13. The sum of the first 24 terms of a G.P. is 2 and the sum of the reciprocals of the first 24
terms of that G.P. in unity. If the product of the first 24 terms of the series is 4n , where
n  N , then find the value of n.

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  r s
1 1 p 0 if r  s
14. If the value of  rs      where  rs   , and p & q are coprime
r  0 s 0  2  3 q  1 if r  s
natural numbers, then find the value of p  q .

 
 
15. If the sum of the series   0.9  99  999  9999  .......  999.......9
  can be expressed
 string of 101 digits 
 all equal to 9 
in the form of (10a – b) where a, b  N , then evaluate a – b.

16. The first term of a geometric progression is equal to b – 2, the third term is b + 6, and the
arithmetic mean of the first and third term to the second term is in the ratio 5 : 3. Find the
positive integral value of b.

17. A tank contains 729 liters of pure acid (The tank’ s capacity is 729 liters ) 3x liters of acid
were withdrawn and replaced by water. After thoroughly mixing the two liquids, 3x liters
of the solution is withdrawn. This procedure is repeatedly performed six times in
all.The tank is then found to have 64 liters of acid (and the rest water). Find x.

18. Let a and b be positive integers. The value of xyz is 55 or 343/55 according as a, x, y, z, b
2 2
are in arithmetic progression or harmonic progression. Find the value of a  b .
10

2 12
19. What is the greatest positive term of the H.P. whose first two terms are and ?
5 23

88 1 cot 0
20. If   , find the smallest positive  .
r0 cos r0 cos (r  1)0 sin10

21. If the equation x 4   3m  2  x 2  m 2  0 (when m > 0) has four real solution, which are in AP..
Then, find the value of m.

22. The number of terms common to the two sequences 17, 21, 25, ..., 417 and 16, 21, 26, ...., 466 is
4k. Then, k is euqal to

23. Let a denotes the number of non-negative values of p for which the equation p.2 x  22 x  5 passes
1 1 1 1 1
a unique solution. If , , ,..., , are in AP and 1, 1 ,  2 ,...,  20 , 6 are in AP. Then, the
a 1  2  20 6
number of digits in value of 18 3 is

1
24. Let a sequence whose nth term is {an} be defined as a1  and  n  1 an1   n  1 an for n  2 .
2
Then, lim S n is equal to
n 

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25. The series of natural number is divided into groups (1), (2, 3, 4), (5, 6, 7, 8, 9).... and so on. Find
the number of digits in the sum of the numbers in the 12th group.

26. Suppose, x and y are two real numbers such that the rth mean between x and 2y is equal to the rth
mean between 2x and y, when n arithmetic means are inserted between them in both the cases, then
n 1 y
 is equal to
r x
1 1 1 
27. The value of  0.2 log 5    ... 
 4 8 16  is

 1  1  1  1  1 
28. If lim  1   1  2  1  4  1  8  ... 1  2n  is equal to m , then m + n is
n
 3  3  3  3   3  n

29. If a, x, b are in AP, a, y, b are in GP and a, z, b are in HP such that x = 9z and a > 0, b > 0, where
x2
a  b, b  0 then 2 is
y

a n  bn
30. If is the HM between a and b where a  b  0 , then n is
a n1  b n1

31. The minimum value of the sum of real numbers a 5 , a 4 ,3a 3 , a 8 and a10 with a > 0, is

ab bc
32. For a, b, c  R  0 , let , b, are in AP. If ,  are the roots of the quadratic equation
1  ab 1  bc
2acx 2  2abcx   a  c   0 , then the value of 1   1    is

33. Let x denotes the value of the product 1  a  a 2  ... 1  b  b 2  ...  , where a and b are the

6 6 6
roots of the quadratic equation 11x 2  4x  2  0 then find the value of  2  3 ....
x x x

34. Let a1, a2, a3,..., a11 be real numbers satisfying a1  15, 27  2a 2  0 and a k  2a k 1  a k  2 for

a12  a 22  ...  a11

2
a  a  ...  a11
k = 3, 4, 5, ... 11. If  990 , then the value of 1 2 is equal to
11 110

35. A pack contain n cards numbered 1 to n. Two consecutive numbered cards are removed from the
pack and the sum of the remaining number in the pack is 1224. If the smaller to the numbers on the
removed cards is k, then k – 20, is

2 3 n
3 3 3 n 1  3 
36. For n = 1, 2, 3, .... let A n         ...   1   and Bn  1  A n . Find the small-
4 4 4 4
est natural number n0 such that Bn  A n for all n  n 0 .

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37. If sum of first n terms of an AP (having positive terms) is given by Sn  1  2Tn 1  Tn  , where Tn

a b
is the nth term of the series, and T22   a, b  N  . Then (a + b) is
4

38. The twentieth term of an AP is log1020 and the thirty second term is log10 32. If exactly one term of
p
the AP is a rational number which the lowest form is   , p, q  N . Then, the value of (p + q) is
q

a 2  1 b2  1 c2  1
39. If a, b and c are 3 positive real numbers, then minimum value of   is
bc ca ab

n n
2 db
40. If  Tr  3n  5n  2 and T r
2
 an 3  bn 2  cn  d then the value of 
r 1 r 1 c

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EXERCISE - 3

Subjective Type Questions

1. The sum of four integers in an A.P. is 24 and their product is 945. Find them.

2. Three numbers, whose sum is 70, form a G.P.. If the extremes be multiplied by 4 each,
and the mean by 5, the new numbers form an A.P. Find the numbers.
2 1 2 1 2 1
3. Evaluate :   3  3  5  5  ... 
3 3 3 3 3 3

4. Evaluate : 4  52  43  54  ... 
7 7 7 7

5. If | b |, | r | < 1, evaluate 1+(1+ b) r + (1+ b + b2 ) r2 + (1+ b+ b2 + b3 ) r3 +... 

6. a, b, c, d are in G.P.. Show that (b – c)2 + (c – a)2 + (d – b)2 = (a – d)2

h 12 a
7. a < b are positive numbers. g is the GM of a, b and h is the H.M of a, b. If g = , find .
13 b
2 3 2
8. a, b, c, d are in G.P.. Prove that ax + c  ax + bx + cx + d.

9. a, b, c, d, e are five numbers such that

i)a, b, c are in A.P. ii)b, c, d are in G.P.
iii) c, d, e are in H.P. If a = 2 and e = 18, find b, c, d.

10. Evaluate the sum to n terms : 1.4 + 2.5 + 3.6 + 4.7 + .......

11. Evaluate the sum to n terms : 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 + .........

1 1 1
12. Evaluate the sum to n terms : + + + ... .
1.4 4.7 7.10

n n 1
13. Evaluate: (i)  (3r  1)(r  1) ; (ii)  .
r 1 r 1 (2r  1)(2r  1)

14. Evaluate the sum to n terms : 1.1 + 2.01 + 3.001 + .............

n m
15. Evaluate   1.
m1 r 1

  3( 3  1)
16. If – < x < and 1+tan x+tan2 x+ tan3 x +... = . Find x.
4 4 2

17. So is a unit square. Sk is the square formed by joining the mid-points of the sides of Sk–1 ,
k = 1, 2, 3, ... . Find the sum of the areas of all the squares , including So.

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18. Find the sum : sinx + sin2x + sin3x + ... + sin nx

19. Evaluate : 1+ 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ...  , where | x |<1.

20. Find the sum to the first n terms of the series : 1.32 + 3.52 + 5.72 + 7.92 + ...

13 13  23 13  23  33
21. Find the sum to the first n terms of the series :   + ...
1 1 2 1 2  3

1 1
22. Find the sum to the first n terms of the series : 1+  + ...
1 2 1 2  3

4 7 10
23. Find the sum to the first n terms of the series : 1–   + ...
2 4 8

24. The natural numbers are parenthesised as follows :

(1), (2, 3), (4, 5, 6) , (7, 8, 9, 10), ... What is the sum of the numbers in the nth bracket ?

25. The odd positive integers are grouped as shown below :-

{1}, {3, 5}, {7, 9, 11}, {13, 15, 17, 19} , ... Find the sum of the numbers in the nth set.

26. Consider the sequence indicated below:-

49, 4489, 444889, ... The 1st term is 49 and thereafter insert 48 in the middle postitions to
obtain subsequent terms. Show that every term in the sequence is an integer square.
n r
27. Find the sum : 
r 1 1  r  r4
2

28. What is the co-efficient of xn, in the expansion of (1 + x + 2x2 + 3x3 + ... + nxn)2 ?

n n 1
29. Let Sn =  r . Evaluate : 
r 1 r 1 Sr


30. In  ABC, A = . The sides a , b , c form a G .P . Find tan B .
2

31. A sequence of triangles is defined as follows :

T1 is an isosceles triangle inscribed in a given circle. With one of the equal sides of T1 as
the base, T2 is an isosceles triangle inscribed in the circle so that the non-coincident verti-
ces of T1 and T2 are on the same arc.Similarly successive isosceles triangle are drawn with
preceding triangle’s equal side as base Proceed and infinitum. Prove that, as n  ,
Tn  an equilateral triangle.

   
32. Let –1< x <1 and i   6 , 6  , i =1 , 2, ... , 5. If x4 sin 1+ x3 sin 2 +... + sin 5= 2, find
 
the range of x.

33. What is the sum of all the positive integral divisors of the number 540 ?
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34. Find the sum of the products of the numbers 1, 3, 5, 7, ... , 2n –1, taken two at a time.

1 2 4 2n 1 2n1
35. Prove that    . . .  n
  n 1
x  1 x2  1 x4  1 x 2  1 x  1 x2  1

36. Find the sum to the first n terms of the series :

1 x2 x4
  + ... , x  1, –1, 0
(1  x)(1  x3 ) (1  x3 )(1  x5 ) (1  x5 )(1  x7 )

37. In the figure , A0 A1 , A2 A3 , A4 A5 , … are all perpendicular to L1 ; A1 A2 , A3 A4 , A5 A6 ,

… are all perpendicular to L2. If A0 A1 =1 and A0 A1 + A1A2 + A2 A3 + …  = 2
( 2+ 3 ), find 
A0 L2

A2
A4


L1
A3 A1

38. A sequence (an) recursively given by a0 = a1= 1, an+1 = an – 1 . an + 1 , for all n  1.

Does 4 divide a 2007 ?
1
39. a1 , a2 , ... , a2n+1 are in A.P. (d = 2) ; a 2n+1 , a 2n+2 , ... , a 4n+1 are in G.P. (r = ).
2
If an+1 = a 3n+1 , find a 2n + 1.

40. a, b are positive integers such that ab=192. The gcd and lcm of a, b are d, l respectively.
25
The ratio of the A.M. to H.M , of d and l , is 3 . Find a and b
48

41. ( a1 , a2 , … ,an ) and ( b1, b2 , … , bn ) are numbers such that ai + bi = 1, for all i = 1, 2
, …,n.
a1  a2  . . .  an b  b2  . . .  bn
Let a = ,b= 1 .
n n
Show that a1 b1 + a2 b2 + …+ an bn + ( a1 – a )2 + ( a2 – a )2+ ( an – a )2= nab

1 2 3
42. Evaluate the sum to n terms :- (i)    ...
1. 3 1. 3. 5 1. 3. 5. 7
3 5 7 1 2x 3 x2
(ii)    ... (iii)    ...
12.22 22.32 32.42 x  1 ( x  1) ( x  2) ( x  1) ( x  2) ( x  3)

1 2 a 3 a a
43. Find the sum to n terms of 1  a  (1  a ) (1  a )  (1  a ) (1  a ) (1  a )  ...
1 1 2 1 2 3

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x x2 x4
44. Find the sum to n terms of    ...
1  x2 1  x4 1  x8
x
If | x| < 1, show that the sum of the infinite terms is .
1 x

1 1 1 n
45. Let f (r) =1 + + ... + and f (0) = 0. Evaluate  (2r  1) f (r )
2 3 r r 1

  x  x  
46. Evaulate  tan  r  sec  r 1  , 0 < x <
r 1 2  2  2

n
47. Evaluate  cosec (2r )
r1

3 1 4 1 5 1
48. Evalaute .  . 2  .  ... n terms
1.2 2 2.3 2 3.4 23

998 1 1
49. Evaluate  1+ 2
+
r =1 (r + 1) (r + 2)2

1 1
50. Find the sum to n terms of the series : (1  x) (1  2 x)  (1  2 x) (1  3 x) + ...

 1 2  1
51. It is given that  2
 ; evaluate  2 .
n1 n 6 n1 (2n  1)

 1 x 1  x  1  x  
52. Evaluate Lim  tan   + 2 tan  2  + ... + n tan  n   , 0 < x <
n  2  2 2 2  2  2   2


53. If S1 , S2, S3 denote the sum of n terms of three A.P.’s whose first terms are unity and
2S 3 S1  S1S 2  S 2S 3
common differences in H.P., then prove that n  S1  2S 2  S 3
.

8  1  2k 
54. Find   tan  2 4 
k 1  2 k  k 

 
 m2n  p
55. If  3m (n  3m  m  3n )   2q where p and q are coprime natural numbers, then find
m1 n1  
the value of p  q .

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56. The sum of n terms of m arithmetical progressions are S1, S2 ,S3, ........ Sm. The first terms
and common differences are 1, 2, 3, ....... , m respectively.
Prove that S1+ S2 + S3+ ........ +Sm = mn (m + 1) (n + 1)/4

57. If a, b, c are real numbers satisfying the equation

25 (9a2+ b2) + 9c2 – 15 (5ab + bc + 3ca) = 0 , then prove that a, b, c are in A.P.

58. Let  are the roots of the equation x2 – 4x +  = 0 ;  are the roots of the equation
x2 – 64x +  = 0 and  are given to be in increasing G.P.. Find the values of  and .

59. If 3x + 3x–1 + 3x–2 + ...... + 3x – 100 = 5x + 5x–1 + 5x–2 + ....... + 5x–100 then prove that
(x – 100) log(5/3) = log 2 (3101 – 1) – log (5101 – 1)

60. S1 , S2 , ... ,Sn are the sums of the infinite geometric series whose first terms are1,2, ... , n, and whose
1 1 1 n
common ratios are , , ... , respectively. Prove that S1+ S2+...+ Sn= (n + 3)
2 3 n1 2
n r 2n 1
61. Prove that  . 2r 1  
r 1 (r  1). (r  2) n2 2

n 1 11
1 1
62. Observe that < , for r > 2.Use this observation to prove that  3 <
r3 (r  2) (r  1) r r 1 r 8

1 1.5 1.5.9 1  1.5.9 ...(4n  1) 

63. Prove that    ... n terms =   1
3 3.7 3.7.11 2  3.7.11 ...(4 n  1) 

64. Evaluate 8 + 26 + 54 + 92 + 140 + 198 + ... n terms

n 1 1
65. Prove that  2
<2 , for all n > 1.
r 1 r n

66. Find the co-efficient of x49, in the expansion of (x + 1)(x + 3)(x + 5) ... (x + 99)

67. Let p and q be natural numbers such that

p 1 1 1 1 1
=1– + – + ... – + Prove that 1979 divides p.
q 2 3 4 1318 1319

68. Prove that there are no primes in the infinite sequence

10001, 100010001, 1000100010001, ...

69. A sequence of numbers satisfies the recursion

x0 = 0 , n xn = (n – 2) xn – 1 + 1 for n  1. Find x2009

70. The classical Fibonacci sequence is defined as f1 = f2 = 1 and , thereafter, fn + 2 = fn + 2 + fn , for

 1
all n  N. Evaluate  f n  1 . fn+1
n= 2
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WINDOW TO JEE ADVANCED

100 100
1. Let an be nth term of the G.P. of positive numbers. Let  a 2n =  and  a 2n 1 = , such that   then
n 1 n 1

the common ratio is- [IIT-1992]

(A) / (B) / (C) (  / ) (D) ( /  )

2. If the sum of first n natural numbers is 1/5 times the sum of their squares, then the value of n is-
[IIT-1992]
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8

3. If ratio of H.M. and G.M. between two positive numbers a and b (a > b) is 4: 5, then a : b is-
[IIT-1992]
(A) 1: 1 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 4 : 1 (D) 3 : 1

4. log3 2, log6 2 and log12 2 are in - [IIT-1993]

(A) A.P. (B) G.P. (C) H.P. (D) None of these

  
2n 2n 2n 2n
5. For 0 <  < /2 if x =  cos  ,y =  sin  ; z =  cos  sin  , then- [IIT-1993]
n 0 n 0 n 0

(A) xyz = xz + y (B) xyz = xy + z (C) xyz = yz + x (D) None of these

6. If n(a + c), n(c – a), n(a – 2b + c) are in A.P., then- [IIT-1994]

(A) a, b, c are in A.P. (B) a2, b2, c2 are in A.P.
(C) a, b, c are in G.P. (D) a, b, c are in H.P.

1
7. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is nP + n (n– 1) Q then its common difference is -[IIT-1994]
2
(A) P + Q (B) 2P + 3Q (C) 2Q (D) Q

8. If p, q, r in A.P. and are positive, the roots of the quadratic equation px2 + qx + r = 0 are all real for-
[IIT-1995]
r p
(A)  7 4 3 (B) r  7 < 4 3 (C) all p and r (D) No. p and r
p

9. If cos (x–y), cos x and cos (x+ y) are in H.P., then cos x sec (y/2) equals- [IIT-1997]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) None

y3  z3
10. If x be the AM and y, z be two GM’s between two positive numbers, then xyz
is equal to-
[IIT-1997]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

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11. Let Tr be the rth term of an A.P., for r = 1, 2, 3, .....if for some positive integers m, n we have
1 1
Tm = and Tn= , then Tm n equals- [IIT-1998]
n m

1 1 1
(A) (B)  (C) 1 (D) 0
mn m n
1 1 1
12. If x > 1, y > 1, z > 1 are in G.P., then   are in & [IIT-1998]
1  l n x 1  ln y 1  ln z
(A) A.P. (B) H.P. (C) G.P. (D) None of these

13. Let a1, a2, ..... a10 be in A.P. and h1, h2, ...h10 be in H.P. If a1 = h1 = 2 and a10 = h10 = 3, then
a4 h7 is- [IIT-1999]
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6

14. The harmonic mean of the root of the equation (5 +) x2 – (4 +) x + 8 + 2= 0 is [IIT-1999]

(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8

15. The sum of the integers from 1 to 100 which are not divisible by 3 or 5 is- [IIT-2000]
(A) 2489 (B) 4735 (C) 2317 (D) 2632

16. Consider an infinite geometric series with first term 'a' and common ratio r . If the sum is 4
and the second term is 3/4, then :
7 3 3 3 1 1
(A) a = ,r= (B) a = 2, r = (C) a = ,r= (D) a = 3, r =
4 7 8 2 2 4

17. If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such that a + b + c + d = 2, then M = (a + b)

(c + d) satisfies the relation :
(A) 0  M  1 (B) 1  M  2 (C) 2  M 3 (D) 3  M  4

18. The fourth power of the common difference of an arithmetic progression with integer
entries added to the product of any four consecutive terms of it . Prove that the resulting
sum is the square of an integer. [JEE 2000]

19. Given that ,  are roots of the equation, A x2 - 4 x + 1 = 0 and ,  the roots of the
equation,B x2 - 6 x + 1 = 0, find values of A and B, such that , ,  &  are in H.P.
[REE 2000]

20. The sum of roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to the sum of squares of their
reciprocals. Find whether bc2, ca2 and ab2 in A.P., G.P. or H.P.?
[REE 2001]
21. Solve the following equations for x and y
log2x + log4x + log16x + .................... = y
5  9  13............ (4y  1)
= 4log4x [REE 2001]
1  3  5.............. (2y  1)

22. Let  be the roots of x2 – x + p = 0 and  be the roots of x2 – 4x + q = 0. If 
are in G.P., then the integral values of p and q respectively, are
(A) –2, –32 (B) –2, 3 (C) –6, 3 (D) –6, –32
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23. If the sum of the first 2n terms of the A.P. 2, 5, 8, ........... is equal to the sum of the first n
terms of the A.P. 57, 59, 61, ........, then n equals
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 11 (D) 13

24. Let the positive numbers a, b, c, d be in A.P. Then abc, abd, acd, bcd are
(A) NOT in A.P./G.P./H.P. (B) in A.P.
(C) in G.P. (D) H.P.

25. Let a1, a2 .......... be positive real numbers in G.P. For each n, let An, Gn, Hn, be respectively,
the arithmetic mean, geometric mean and harmonic mean of a1, a2, a3, ...........an. Find an
expression for the G.M. of G1, G2, .........Gn in terms of A1, A2 .............An, H1, H2, .........Hn.
[JEE 2001]

3
26. Suppose a, b, c are in A.P. and a2, b2, c2 are in G.P. If a < b < c and a + b + c = , then
2
the value of a is
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C)  (D) 
2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2
[JEE 2002]
27. Let a, b be positive real numbers. If a , A1 , A2 , b are in A.P. ; a , G1 , G2 , b are in G.P. and
G1 G 2 A1  A 2 ( 2a  b ) ( a  2 b )
a , H1 , H2 , b are in H.P. , show that H H  H  H  9ab .
1 2 1 2
[JEE 2002]
c
28. If a, b, c are in A.P., a2 , b2 , c2 are in H.P. , then prove that either a = b = c or a, b,  form
m
2
a G.P.
[JEE 2003]
29. The first term of an infinite geometric progression is x and its sum is 5. Then
(A) 0 x  10 (B) 0 < x < 10 (C) –10 < x < 0 (D) x > 10
[JEE 2004]

30. If a, b, c are positive real numbers, then prove that [(1 + a) (1 + b) (1 + c)]7 > 77 a4 b4 c4.
[JEE 2004]

31. In the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, if  = b2 – 4ac and  + , 2 + 2, 3 + 3 are

in G.P. where ,  are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, then
(A)   0 (B) b = 0 (C) c = 0 (D)  = 0
[JEE 2005]
 n  1  n+1
32. If total number of runs scored in n matches is   (2 – n – 2) where n > 1, and the
 4 
runs scored in the kth match are given by k·2n+1– k, where 1  k  n. Find n.
[JEE 2005]

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2 3 n
3  3 3 3
33. If A n           .......   1n 1   and Bn = 1 – An, then find the minimum
4  4 4 4
natural number n0 such that Bn > An. (n > n0)0 [ JEE 2006 ]

Comprehension (3 questions)
Let Vr denote the sum of the first 'r' terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) whose first
term is 'r' and the common difference is (2r – 1).
Let Tr = Vr + 1 – Vr – 2 and Qr = Tr + 1 – Tr for r = 1, 2, ...

34. The sum V1 + V2 + ...... + Vn is

1 1
(A) n(n + 1)(3n2 – n + 1) (B) n(n + 1)(3n2 + n + 2)
12 12
1 1
(C) n(2n2 – n + 1) (D) (2n3 – 2n + 3)
2 3

35. Tr is always
(A) an odd number (B) an even number
(C) a prime number (D) a composite number

36. Which one of the following is a correct statement?

(A) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 5.
(B) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 6.
(C) Q1, Q2, Q3, ....... are in A.P. with common difference 11.
(D) Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = ....... [ JEE 2007 ]

Comprehension (3 questions)

Let A1, G1, H1 denote the arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, respectively, of two
distinct positive numbers. For n ³ 2, let An – 1 and Hn – 1 have arithmetic, geometric and
harmonic means as An, Gn, Hn respectively.

37. Which one of the following statements is correct?

(A) G1 > G2 > G3 > ......
(B) G1 < G2 < G3 < ......
(C) G1 = G2 = G3 = ......
(D) G1 < G3 < G5 < ...... and G2 > G4 > G6 > ......

38. Which one of the following statements is correct?

(A) A1 > A2 > A3 > ......
(B) A1 < A2 < A3 < ......
(C) A1 > A3 > A5 > ...... and A2 < A4 < A6 < ......
(D) A1 < A3 < A5 < ...... and A2 > A4 > A6 > ......

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39. Which one of the following statements is correct?

(A) H1 > H2 > H3 > ......
(B) H1 < H2 < H3 < ......
(C) H1 > H3 > H5 > ...... and H2 < H4 < H6 < ......
(D) H1 < H3 < H5 < ...... and H2 > H4 > H6 > ...... [ JEE2007 ]

40. A straight line through the vertex P of a triangle PQR intersects the side QR at the point S
and the circumcircle of the triangle PQR at the point T. If S is not the centre of the
circumcircle, then
1 1 2 1 1 2
(A) + < (B) + >
PS ST QS  SR PS ST QS  SR

1 1 4 1 1 4
(C) + < (D) + > [JEE 2008 ]
PS ST QR PS ST QR

ASSERTION & REASON

41. Suppose four distinct positive numbers a1, a2, a3, a4 are in G.P. Let b1 = a1, b2 = b1 + a2,
b3 = b2 + a3 and b4 = b3 + a4.
STATEMENT-1 : The numbers b1, b2, b3, b4 are neither in A.P. nor in G.P.
STATEMENT-2 : The numbers b1, b2, b3, b4 are in H.P.
(A) Stat.-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1
(B) Stat.-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
statement-1
(C) Stat.-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Stat.-1 is False, Statement-2 is True [JEE 2008]

42. If the sum of first n terms of an A.P. is cn2, then the sum of squares of these n terms is

n(4n 2  1)c 2 n(4n 2  1)c 2 n(4n 2  1)c 2 n(4n 2  1)c 2

(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 3 3 6
[JEE 2009 ]

43. Let Sk, k = 1, 2, ......, 100, denote the sum of the infinite geometric series whose first term

k 1 1 1002 100 2
is
k!
and the common ratio is . Then the value of
k 100! k1

  k  3k  1 Sk , is 

44. Let a1, a2, a3.....a11 be real numbers satisfying a1 = 15, 27 - 2a2 > 0 and ak = 2ak_1 – ak–
2
for k = 3, 4..... 11.
a12  a22  .........  a11
2
a  a 2  ......  a11
If  90 , then the value of 1 is equal to
11 11
[JEE 2010]

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ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - 1[A]
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. C
7. A 8. A 9. A 10. D 11. D 12. B
13. A 14. B 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. B
19. B 20. C 21. D 22. B 23. B 24. B
25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. B 30. B
31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. D 36. A
37. A 38. C 39. A 40. D 41. C 42. C
43. C 44. B 45. A 46. A 47. B 48. C
49. D 50. A 51. B 52. B 53. A 54. C
55. B 56. C 57. B 58. B 59. B 60. A

EXERCISE - 1[B]
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. B
7. A 8. B 9. B 10. C 11. B 12. A
13. B 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. A
19. B 20. B 21. C 22. C 23. D 24. B
25. B 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. D
31. B 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. B 36. C
37. C 38. C 39. A 40. B 41. C 42. B
43. B 44. C 45. C 46. A 47. B 48. C
49. C 50. A 51. B 52. A 53. A 54. A
55. C 56. A 57. A 58. B 59. D 60. C

EXERCISE - 1[C]
1. C 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. B
7. A 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. A
13. D 14. B 15. D 16. C 17. B 18. B
19. C 20. B 21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B
25. B 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. B
31. C 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. C 36. A
37. C 38. A 39. C 40. A 41. C 42. D
43. B 44. B 45. C 46. C 47. A 48. B
49. A 50. C 51. B 52. B 53. A 54. A
55. C 56. D 57. A 58. B 59. C 60. B
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WINDOW TO JEE - MAIN

1. C 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. B
7. D 8. C 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. B
13. D 14. B 15. D 16. C 17. A

EXERCISE - 2[A]
MORE THAN ONE ARE CORRECT
1. AC 2. BD 3. CD 4. ABC
5. ABC 6. ABC 7. BCD 8. ABC
9. ABC 10. AB 11. ABCD 12. ABCD
13. AB 14. ABD 15. AB 16. CD
17. ABCD 18. ABCD 19. CD 20. ABC
21. CD 22. ABCD 23. BCD 24. ABCD
25. AB 26. AD 27. BD 28. AB
29. BCD 30. ABCD 31. BD 32. ACD
33. BC 34. ACD 35. AD 36. BC
37. ABCD 38. A 39. ABC 40. BC
41. ABCD 42. ABC 43. ABCD 44. ABCD
45. ABCD

EXERCISE - 2[B]

COMPREHENSION
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. D
7. D 8. C 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. B
13. B 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. D 18. B
19. C 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. B
25. A 26. D 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. C
31. D

ASSERTION REASONING
32. C 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. D

MATRIX MATCH TYPE

37. (A)  (P), (B)  (R),(C)  (Q),(D)  (P)

38. (A)  (R),(B)  (P), (C)  (Q),(D)  (P)

39. (A)  (Q),(B)  (R),(C)  (Q),(D)  (R)

40. (A)  (T), (B)  (T),(C)  (R),(D)  (Q)

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 SEQUENCE & SERIES Rg. 2019 - 2021

EXERCISE - 2[C]
1. 6 2. 5 3. 8 4. 7 5. 6 6. 3
7. 4 8. 6 9. 3 10. 7 11. 7 12. 4
13. 6 14. 1 15. 1 16. 3 17. 9 18. 5
19. 6 20. 1 21. 6 22. 5 23. 2 24. 1
25. 4 26. 1 27. 4 28. 5 29. 9 30. 0
31. 8 32. 1 33. 5 34. 3 35. 5 36. 6
37. 6 38. 9 39. 3 40. 3

EXERCISE - 3
9 23
1. 3,5,7,9 2. 10,20,40 3. 4.
8 48
1 4
5. (1  r ) (1  br )
7.
9
n( n  1)( n  5)
9. (b, c, d) =(4, 6, 9) or (b, c, d) = ( –2, –6, –18) 10.
3
1 n
11. n(n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3). 12.
4 3n  1
n n
13. (i) (2n2 + 5n + 1) (ii) 14. n( n  1)  1 1  (0.1) n 
2 2n  1 2 9
n(n  1) 
15. 16.  17. 2
2 6

 n  1 n
sin   x sin   x
 2  2 1
18. 19.
x (1  x )2
sin  
2

1 n(n +1) (n + 2) 2n
20. n (6n3 + 16n2 +9n – 4) 21. 22.
3 6 n 1

n1 n
2  1   1  n(n 2  1)
23. 3    2   (3n  2)     24. 25. n3
   2  2

n(n  1) n(n 2  11) 2n

27. 2 28. 29.
2(n  n  1) 6 n 1

5 1 3 3
30. 32. ( –1, – )  ( ,1) 33. 1680
2 4 4

n 1  x 2n
34. (3n3 – 4n2 + 1) 36.
6 (1  x )2 (1  x )(1  x 2 n 1 )

 n . 2 n 1
37. 8. No 39.
6 2n  1

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 SEQUENCE & SERIES Rg. 2019 - 2021

40. (4, 48) or (12, 16)

1 1  n(n  2)
42. (i) 2 1  1. 3. 5 ... (2n  1)  (ii)
  (n  1)2

xn 1
(iii) 1 – ( x  1)( x  2) ... ( x  n) 43. 1 –
(1  a1 )(1  a2 ) ... (1  an )
n(n  1)
44. (n +1)2 f(n) – 45. tan x
2
1
46. cot – cot (2n ) 48. 1 –
(n  1).2n

499(2001) n 2
49. 50. (1  x ) (1  (n  1) x )
51.
1000 8
1
52. – cot x 54. 2 55. 7
x
1
64. n(n+1) (5n+7) 66. 2500
3
1
69. 70. 1
2

WINDOW TO JEE ADVANCED

1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. B

6. D 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. C

11. C 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. D

16. D 17. A 19. A = 3 ; B = 8 20. A.P.

21. x = 2 2 and y = 3 22. A 23. C 24. D

1
25. A , A ,............ A  H , H ,............ H 
1 2 n 1 2 n
2n

26. D 29. B 31. C 32. n=7 33. n0 = 5

34. B 35 D 36. B 37. C 38. A

39. B 40. B, D 41. C 42. C 43. 3

44. 0

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