Horticulture Semester I
Horticulture Semester I
SEMESTER-I
HORT 101: Fundamentals of Horticulture 3 (2+1)
Theory
Scope and importance, classification of horticultural crops and nutritive value, area and production, exports
and imports, fruit and vegetable zones of India and of different states, nursery techniques and their
management, soil and climate, vegetable gardens, nutrition and kitchen garden and other types of gardens –
principles, planning and layout, management of orchards, planting systems and planting densities.
Production and practices for fruit, vegetable and floriculture crops. Principles objectives, types and methods
of pruning and training of fruit crops, types and use of growth regulators in horticulture, water management–
irrigation methods, merits and demerits, weed management, fertility management in horticultural crops-
manures and fertilizers, different methods of application, cropping systems, intercropping, multi-tier
cropping, mulching– objectives, types merits and demerits, Classification of bearing habits of fruit trees,
factors influencing the fruitfulness and unfruitfulness. Rejuvenation of old orchards, top working, frame
working, principles of organic farming, market chain management.
Practical
Features of orchard, planning and layout of orchard, tools and implements, identification of various
horticultural crops, layout of nutrition garden, preparation of nursery beds for sowing of vegetable seeds,
digging of pits for fruit plants, planting systems, training and pruning of orchard trees, preparation of
fertilizer mixtures and field application, preparation and application of growth regulators, layout of different
irrigation systems, identification and management of nutritional disorder in fruits, assessment of bearing
habits, maturity standards, harvesting, grading, packaging and storage.
Suggested Reading:
Prasad and Kumar, 2014. Principles of Horticulture 2nd Edn. Agrobios (India).
Neeraj Pratap Singh, 2005. Basic concepts of Fruit Science 1st Edn. IBDC Publishers.
Gardner/Bardford/Hooker. J.R., 1957. Fundamentals of Fruit Production. Mac Graw Hill Book Co., New
York.
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Edmond,J.B, Sen,T.L, Andrews,F.S and Halfacre R.G., 1963. Fundamentals of Horticulture. Tata Mc Graw
Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi.
Kumar, N., 1990. Introduction to Horticulture. Rajyalakshmi publications, Nagarcoil, Tamilnadu
Jitendra Singh, 2002. Basic Horticulture. Kalyani Publishers, Hyderabad.
Denisen E.L.,1957. Principles of Horticulture. Macmillan Publishing Co., New York.
Chadha,K.L.(ICAR),2002,2001. HandbookofHorticulture . ICAR, NewDelhi
K.V.Peter, 2009. Basics Horticulture. New India Publishing Agency
Kausal Kumar Misra and Rajesh Kumar, 2014. Fundamentals of Horticulture . Biotech Books.
D.K. Salunkhe and S.S. Kadam, 2013. A handbook of Fruit Science and Technology. CRC Press.
S. Prasad and U. Kumar, 2010. A handbook of Fruit Production. Agrobios (India).
Jitendra Singh, 2011. Basic Horticulture. Kalyani Publications, New Delhi.
Theory
Composition of earth’s crust, soil as a natural body – major components. Eluviations and alleviations
formation of various soils. Physical parameters; texture – definition, methods of textural analysis, stock’s
law, assumption, limitations, textural classes, use of textural triangle; absolute specific gravity/particle
density, definition, apparent specific gravity/bulk density – factors influencing, field bulk density. Relation
between BD (bulk density), AD – practical problems. Pore space – definition, factors affecting capillary and
non-capillary porosity, soil colour – definition, its significance, colour variable, value hue and chroma.
Munsellcolour chart, factors influencing, parent material, soil moisture, organic matter, soil structure,
definition, classification, clay prism like structure, factors influencing genesis of soil structure, soil
consistency, plasticity, Atterberg’s constants. Soil air, air capacity, composition, factors influencing, amount
of air space, soil air renewal, soil temperature, sources and distribution of heat, factors influencing,
measurement, chemical properties, soil colloids, organic, humus, inorganic, secondary silicate, clay, hydrous
oxides. Ion exchange, cation-anion importance, soil water, forms, hygroscopic, capillary and gravitational,
soil moisture constants, hygroscopic coefficient, wilting point, field capacity, moisture equivalent, maximum
water holding capacity, energy concepts, PF scale, measurement, gravimetric – electric and tensiometer
methods – pressure plate and pressure membrane apparatus – Neutron probe – soil water movement –
classification – aerial photography – satellite of soil features – their interpretation; soil orders; land
capability classification; soil of different eco-systems and their properties, Rock & Minerals classification,
Pedogenic process. Objectives of soil science research institute in India (NBSS&LUP, ISSS, LTFE &
NSSTL). Management of Soil Crusting, Soil Compaction and Soil Compression. Soil Biology benefits and
harmful effects. Methods and objective of soil survey, Remote sensing application in soil and plant Studies,
Soil degradation.
Practical
Collection and preparation of soil samples, estimation of moisture, EC, pH and bulk density. Textural
analysis of soil by Robinson’s pipette method. Description of soil profile in the field. Quantification of
minerals and their abundance. Determination of Soil colour using Munsell Chart. Estimation of water
holding capacity and hydraulic conductivity of soils. Estimation of Infiltration rate using double ring
infiltrometer method. Estimation of soil moisture using gypsum block and neutron probe method. Soil
compaction measurement with Pentrometer. Determination of pore space of soil. Determination of filed
capacity and permanent wilting point of soil. Determination of soil water potential characteristic curves by
tensiometer and pressure plate apparatus. Aggregate size distribution analysis of soil. Air capacity of soil by
field method.
Suggested reading:
Brady Nyle C and Ray R Well, 2014. Nature and properties of soils. Pearson Education Inc., New Delhi.
Indian Society of Soil Science, 2002. Fundamentals of Soil Science. IARI, New Delhi.
Sehgal J. A., 2005. Textbook of Pedology Concepts and Applications. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Dilip Kumar Das, 2015. Introductory Soil Science. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
Biswas, T.D. and Mukharjee, S.K., 2015. Text Book of Soil science. Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
Brady, N.C., 1995. The Nature and properties of Soils. Macmillan Publishing Co, New York.
Ghildyal, B.P. and Tripathi, R.P., 1987. Soil Physics. Acad. Press. New York.
Kolay, A.K., 1983. Basic concepts of Soil Science. Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi
Brady, N. C. and Weil, R. R., 2010. Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils (3rd Edition), Pearson Education, New Delhi.
Foth, H.D., 1991. Fundamentals of Soil Science (8th Edition), John Wiley & Sons, New Delhi.
Das, D .K., 2011. Introductory Soil Science (3rd Edition), Kalyani publisher, Ludhiana (India).
Khan, T. O. 2013 Forest Soils: Properties and Management. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland
Pritchett and Fisher RF, 1987. Properties and Management of Forest Soils. John Wiley, New York.
Gupta, P.K. 2009. Soil, Plant, Water and Fertilizer Analysis (2nd Edition), AGROBIOS, Jodhpur (India).
Jaiswal, P.C. 2006. Soil, Plant and Water Analysis (2nd Edition), Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
Jackson, M. L. 2012. Soil Chemical Analysis: Advanced Course, Scientific Publisher
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Theory
Introduction to phylum arthropoda. Importance of class Insecta. Insect dominance. History of entomology in
India, Importance of entomology in different fields. Definition, division and scope of entomology.
Comparative account of external morphonology-types of mouth parts, antennae, legs, wings and genetalia.
Structure, function of cuticle & moulting and body segmentation, Anatomy of digestive, Circulatory,
Sensory, respiratory, glandular, excretory, nervous and reproductive systems. Types of reproduction.
Postembryonic development-eclosion. Matamorphosis. Types of egg larvae and pupa. Classification of
insects upto orders, sub-order and families of economic importance and their distinguished characters. Plant
mites – morphological features, important families with examples.
Practical
Insect collection and preservation. Identification of important insects. General body organization of insects.
Study on morphology of grasshopper or cockroach. Preparation of permanent mounts of mouth parts,
antennae, legs and wings. Dissection of grasshopper and caterpillar for study of internal morphology.
Observations on metamorphosis of larvae and pupae. Dissection of cockroaches.
Suggested Reading:
Awasthi, V.B. 1997. Introduction to general and applied entomology. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, 379 p.
Borror, D.J., C.A. Triple Horn and N.F.Johnson. 1987. An introduction to the study of insects (VI Edition). Harcourt Brace
College Publishers, New York, 875p.
Chapman, R.F. 1981. The Insects: Structure and function. Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd, London, 919p.
Gullan, P.J. and Cranston, P.S. 2001. The insects- An outline of entomology, II edition, Chapman & Hall, Madras, 491p.
Mani, M.S. 1968. General entomology. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, 912p.
Nayar, K.K., T.N.Ananthakrishnan and B.V. David. 1976. General and applied entomology, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Company Limited, New Delhi, 589p.
Richards, O.W. and R.G. Davies. 1977. Imm’s general text book of entomology, Vol.1&2, Chapman and Hall Publication,
London, 1345p.
Romoser, W.S. 1988. The Science of Entomology, McMillan, New York, 449p.
Saxena, S.C. 1992. Biology of insects. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 366p.
Srivastava, P.D. and R.P.Singh. 1997. An introduction to entomology, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, 269p.
Tembhare, D.B. 1997. Modern Entomology. Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai, 623p.
Pedigo, L.P. 1999. Entomology and pest management. III Edition. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 691p.
H. Lewin and Devasahayam. Practical manual of entomology insect and non-insect pests.
Pant, N.C. and Ghai, S. 1981Insect physiology and anatomy, ICAR, New Delhi .
Snodgrass, R.E. 2001.Principles of Insect Morphology.CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi
James, L, Nation. CRC Press, Insect Physiology and Biochemistry.Washington
Theory
Historical background of genetics, theories and hypothesis. Physical basis of heredity, cell reproduction,
mitosis, meiosis and its significance. Gametogenesis and syngamy in plants. Mendelian genetics–Mendel’s
principles of heredity, deviation from Mendelian inheritance, pleiotropy, threshold characters, co-
dominance, penetrance and expressivity. Chromosome theory of inheritance, gene interaction. Modification
of monohybrid and dihybrid rations. Multiple alleles, quantitative inheritance linkage and crossing over, sex
linked inheritance and characters. Cytoplasmic inheritance and maternal effects. Chemical basis of heredity,
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structure of DNA and its replication. Evidence to prove DNA and RNA – as genetic material. Mutations and
their classification. Chromosomal aberrations, changes in chromosome structure and number.
Practical
Study of fixatives and stains. Squash and smear techniques. Demonstrations of permanent slides and cell
division, illustration in plant cells, pollen fertility and viability, determination of gametes, Solving problems
of monohybrid, dihybrid, and test cross ratios using chi-square test, gene interactions, estimation of linkages
using three point test cross from F2 data and construction of linkage maps. Genetics variation in pea.
Suggested Reading:
Gardner E J, Simmons M J &Snustard D P. Principles of Genetics (VIII Edn). John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Strickberger. Genetics. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.
William D. Stansfield. Theory and Problems of Genetics (3rd Ed). Schaum’s Outline series - McGraw-Hill Inc.
Benjamin Lewin. Genes (II edn). John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Phundan Singh. Elements of Genetics. Kalyani publishers, New Delhi.
Swanson & Webster. The Cell (V edn). Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
Norman,V. Rothwell. Understanding Genetics (IV Ed.). Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Sinnut, Dunn & Dobzhansky. Principles of Genetics XIX reprint. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
Griffiths, Miller, Suzuki Lewontin & Gelbart. An introduction to Genetic Analysis (V Ed.). W.H.Freeman & Company,
Newyork
Robert Schieif. Genetics & Molecular Biology (1986). The Benjamin/cummings publishing Co, Inc, California.
Swanson, Merz & Young. Cytogenetics (II ed.). Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
Joseph Jahier& INRA working group. Techniques of Plant Cytogenetics (1986). Oxford & IBH Publishing Co Pvt.Ltd.,
New Delhi
Loewy & Siekevitz. Cell Structure & Function (II Ed.). Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
Stent & Calendar. Molecular Genetics (II Ed.). CBS Publishers, New Delhi
Singh B D. Fundamentals of Genetics. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi
Srivastava&Tyagi. Selected Problems in Genetics (Vol.1-3). Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
Khanna VK. Genetics–Numerical Problems. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
Farook& Khan. Genetics & Cytogenetics (I Ed.). Premier Publishing House, Hyderabad.
Shukla. Cell Biology (2001). Dominant publishers, New Delhi
George Acquaah. Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding. Blackwell
B.D. Singh. Fundamental of Genetics. Kalyani. India
Gupta, P.K. 1985.Cytology, genetics and cytogenetics. Rastogi Publication, India.
Theory
Carbohydrates: Occurrence, classification and structure, physical and chemical properties of carbohydrates,
isomerism, optical activity, reducing property, reaction with acids and alkalis, ozone formation. Lipids:
Classification, important fatty acids and triglycerides, essential fatty acids. Physical and chemical control of
oils, their rancidity, phospholipids, types and importance. Plant pigments – structure and function of
chlorophyll and carotenoids, sterols, basic structure, role of brassino sterols in plants. Proteins:
Classification, function and solubility, amino acids – classification and structure, essential amino acids,
properties of amino acids, colour reactions, amphoteric nature and isomerism; structure of proteins –
primary, secondary tertiary and quaternary properties and reaction of proteins. Enzymes: Classification and
mechanism of action; factors affecting enzyme action, co-factors and coenzymes. Vitamins and minerals as
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Suggested Reading:
Lehninger, Nelson, D. L. and Michael, M. C. 2004. Principles of Biochemistry. Freeman Publishers
Narayanan L M. Biochemistry. Saras Publications
Bose. Developments in Physiology Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Plants Vol.-1. New India
Publications.
Voet, D and Voet J. G. 2004. Biochemistry 4th Edn. Wiley & sons Publishers. USA.
Sadashiv, S and Manickam, A. 1996. Biochemical methods for Agricultural sciences. New age Interantional
publishers, New Delhi.
Voet, D. and Voet, J.G. 2004. (3rd edit). Biochemistry. John Wiley & sons Incl.USA.
Rameshwar, A. 2006. (3rd edit). Practical Biochemistry. Kalyani Publishers, NewDelhi.
Buchanan, B. B., Gruissem, W. and Jones, R. L. 2002. Biochemistry and molecular biology of plants. 2nd
edition. Blackwell publications, UK.
Theory
History and Scope of Microbiology: The discovery of micro-organism, spontaneous generation conflict,
germ theory of diseases, microbial effect on organic and inorganic matter. Development of microbiology in
India and composition of microbial world. Microscopy and Specimen Preparation: The bright field
microscope, fixation, dyes and simple staining, differential staining. Difference between prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cell structure and functions. Types of culture media and pre-culture
techniques. Microbial growth in models of bacterial, yeast and mycelia growth curve. Measurement of
bacterial growth. General properties of viruses and brief description of bacteriophages. DNA as genetic
material. Antibiosis, symbiosis, intra-microbial and extra-microbial association. Sterilization methods –
Physical and chemical, Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures, Plant growth promoting
microorganisms and mushrooms – Economical importance, Industrially important microorganisms in large
scale production and common microbial fermentations. Mushrooms- edible and poisonous types, nutritive
values, Culturing and production techniques.
Practical
Examination of natural infusion and living bacteria; examination of stained cells by simple staining and
Gram staining. Methods for sterilization and nutrient agar preparation. Broth culture, agar slopes, streak
plates and pour plats, turbid metric estimation of microbial growth, mushroom culture- Spawn production,
Culture and production techniques, harvesting, packing and storage.
Suggested Reading:
M T Madigan, and J M Martinko, 2014. Brock Biology of Microorganisms 14th Edn. Pearson.
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M J Pelczer, 1998. Microbiology 5th Edn. Tata McGrow Hill Education Pvt. Ltd.
Stainer, R, 1987. General Microbiology. Palgrave Macmillan.
Edward Alchano, 2002. Introduction to Microbiology. Jones and Bartlett hearing.
R P Singh, 2007. General Microbiology. Kalyani Publishers.
J Heritage, E G V Evans, R A Killington, 2008. Introductory Microbiology. Cambridge University press P. date.
Pelczar, jr. M.J.E.C.S.Chan and Krieg, N.R. 1996. Microbiology. Mc Graw Hill Publishers, Newyork.
Prescott, L.M. Harley, J.P. and Klein, D.A (5ed) 2002. Microbiology. Mc Graw Hill Publishers, Newyork.
Madigan, M. Martinkoj, M. and Parker (10 ed.) 2003. Biology of Microorganisms. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi.
Jamaluddin, M. Malvidya, N. and Sharma, A. 2006. General Microbiology. Scientific Publishers, Washington.
Sullia, S.B, and Shantaram 1998. General Microbiology. Oxford and IBH.
Theory
Structural Grammar: Introduction of Word Classes; Structure of Verb in English; Uses of Tenses; Study of
Voice; Study of Conjunctions and Prepositions; Sentence Patterns in English. Spoken English:
Conversations of different situations in everyday life; the concept of stress; stress shift in words and
sentences; silent letters in words and pronunciation of words with silent letters, the basic intonation patterns.
Reading and comprehension of general and technical articles, précis writing, summarizing, abstracting;
individual and group presentations, impromptu presentation, public speaking; Group discussion. Organizing
seminars and conferences.
Practical
Structural Grammar: Exercises in word classes, identification and study of verbs in sentences, application
of tenses and voice, exercises in conjunctions and prepositions, other structural grammar exercises, report
writing, letter writing (different types of letters). Spoken English: Conversations of everyday life, the
concept of stress; stress shift. Silent letters in words, basic intonation patterns, preparing and address
Practical
NSS: Orientation of students in national problems, study of philosophy of NSS, fundamentals rights,
directive principles of state policy, socio-economic structure of Indian society, population problems, brief of
five year plan. Functional literacy, non-formal education of rural youth, eradication of social evils,
awareness programmes, consumer awareness, highlights of consumer act. Environment enrichment and
conservation, health, family welfare and nutrition. NCC: Introduction to NCC, defense services, system of
NCCtraining, foot drill, sizing, forming up in three ranks, open and close order march, dressing, getting on
parade, dismissing and falling out, saluting, marching, arms drill, shoulder arm, order arm, present arm,
guard of honour, ceremonial drill, weapon training – rifle bayonet, light machine gun, sten machine carbine,
introduction and characteristic stripping, assembling and cleaning, loading, unloading and firing. Field craft,
visual training, targets, judging distance, fire discipline and fire control orders, battle craft, field signals,
description of ground, section formation, section battle drill, scouts and patrols, ambush, field engineering,
map reading, conventional signs, grid systems, use of service protractor, prismatic compass and its use, self-
defense, general principles, precautions and training, attacks and counter attacks, marching and searching,
first aid, hygiene and sanitation, civil defense, leadership and NCC song.
Physical Education: Introduction to physical education. Posture, exercise for good posture, physical fitness
exercises for agility, strength, coordination, endurance and speed. Rules are regulations of important games,
skill development in any one of the games – football, hockey, cricket, volleyball, ball badminton, throw ball,
tennikoit. Participation in one of the indoor games – shuttle badminton, chess and table tennis. Rules and
regulations of athletic events, participation in any one of the athletic events – broad jump, high jump, triple
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jump, javelin throw, discuss throw, shot put, short and long distance running, Safety education, movement
education, effective way of doing day-today activities. First-aid training, coaching for major games and
indoor games. Asans and indigenous ways for physical fitness and curative exercises. Exercises and games
for leisure time, use and experience. Importance of Asanas and Surya namaskar. Free hand exercises and
Yoga. Recreation: definition, agencies promoting recreation, camping and recreation. Note: Warming up and
conditioning exercises are compulsory before the commencement of each class.
Suggested Reading:
O.P. Aneja. Encyclopaedia of Physical education, sports and exercise science (4 volumes).
Anil Sharma. Encyclopaedia of Health and Physical Education (7 Volumes).
N V Chaudhery, R Jain. Encyclopedia of Yoga Health and Physical Education (7 Volumes).
Pintu Modak, O P Sharma, Deepak Jain. Encyclopaedia of Sports and Games with latest rules and regulations (8
volumes).
Edwin F Bryant. Yoga sutrap of Patanjali
War Minus Shooting- The sporting Spirit. A Dilemma- A layman looks at science Raymond B. Fosdick. You
and Your English – Spoken English and broken English G.B. Shaw. Reading Comprehension,
Vocabulary- Antonym, Synonym, Homophones, Homonyms, often confused words. Exercises to Help the
students in the enrichment of vocabulary based on TOEFL and other competitive examinations. Functional
grammar: Articles, Prepositions, Verb, Subject verb Agreement, Transformation, Synthesis, Direct and
Indirect Narration. Written Skills: Paragraph writing, Precise writing, Report writing and Proposal writing.
The Style: Importance of professional writing. Preparation of Curriculum Vitae and Job applications.
Synopsis Writing. Interviews: kinds, Importance and process.
Practical
Listening Comprehension: Listening to short talks lectures, speeches (scientific, commercial and general in
nature). Oral Communication: Phonetics, stress and intonation, Conversation practice. Conversation: rate of
speech, clarity of voice, speaking and Listening, politeness &Reading skills: reading dialogues, rapid
reading, intensive reading, improving reading skills. Mock Interviews: testing initiative, team spirit,
leadership, intellectual ability. Group Discussions.
Suggested Reading:
Balasubramanian T. 1989. A Text book of Phonetics for Indian Students. Orient Longman, New Delhi.
Balasubrmanyam M. 1985. Business Communication. Vani Educational Books, New Delhi.
Naterop, Jean, B. and Rod Revell. 1997. Telephoning in English. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Mohan Krishna and Meera Banerjee. 1990. Developing Communication Skills. Macmillan India Ltd. New Delhi.
Krishnaswamy,. N and Sriraman, T. 1995. Current English for Colleges. Macmillan India Ltd. Madras.
Narayanaswamy V R. 1979. Strengthen your writing. Orient Longman, New Delhi.
Sharma R C and Krishna Mohan. 1978. Business Correspondence. Tata Mc Graw Hill publishing Company, New Delhi.
Carnegie, Dale. 2012. How to Win Friends and Influence People in the Digital Age. Simon & Schuster.
Covey Stephen R. 1989. The Seven Habits of Highly Successful People. Free Press.
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Spitzberg B, Barge K & Morreale, Sherwyn P. 2006. Human Communication: Motivation, Knowledge & Skills.
Wadsworth.
Verma, KC. 2013. The Art of Communication. Kalpaz.
Dr. T. Bharati, Dr. M. Hariprasad and Pro. V. Prakasam, Personality Development and Communicative English.
Neelkamal Publications Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
Wren and Martin, S. Key to High School English Grammar and Composition- Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi
Wren and Martin, S. High School English Grammar and Composition- Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi
Raymond Murphy, English Grammar in Use. Cambridge University Press
The Official Guide to the TOEFL Test-IV Edition, Educational Testing Services. Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi.
Balasubramanyam,M.1985. Businesscommunication. VaniEducationalBooksAnsariroad,NewDelhi.
KrishnaMohanandMeeraBanerjee1990. DevelopingCommunicationSkills. MacmillanIndiaLtd.
Theory
Basic ideas of Sets, set operations, laws of Algebra of sets, number of elements in a set, Venn diagram ,
Cratesian product of sets. Definitions and ideas, Types of Matrices, Matrix operations, Transpose, Symmetric
and Skew symmetric matrices with properties. Determinants, Properties of Determinants (without proof),
minors and cofactors, Product, Adjugate and reciprocal of determinants, Differentiation and Integration of
determinants, Cramer’s Rule, Adjoint and Inverse of matrices, Orthogonal Matrix, Rank and Equivalence,
Solution of system of Equations by Matrix method and rank method. Ideas of Functions(Different kinds of
functions with examples) , Limits and Continuity (No problems)Differentiation: Derivative of polynomial
and trigonometric functions, composite functions, chain rule, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions,
derivative of implicit functions. Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic
differentiation, derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms.
Indefinite integrals, Method of substitution, Standard forms, Rules of integration, Integration by parts, Partial
fraction method. Definite integral as limit of a sum and its geometrical interpretation, Fundamental theorem
of integral calculus. Elementary properties of definite integrals. Evaluation of definite integrals,Sequences,
Convergence of sequences, infinite series of constant terms, Tests of convergence, Comparison test,
D’Alembert’s ratio test, Cauchy’s root test.