import numpy as np

a = np.array([1,2,3])
b = np.array([(1.5,2,3), (4,5,6)], dtype = float)
c = np.array([[(1.5,2,3), (4,5,6)], [(3,2,1), (4,5,6)]],
dtype = float)

# Arithmetic Operations

# Subtraction
g = a - b
# print(np.subtract(a,b))

# array([[-0.5, 0. , 0. ],
# [-3. , -3. , -3. ]])

# Addition
b + a
# print(np.add(b,a))

# array([[ 2.5, 4. , 6. ],
# [ 5. , 7. , 9. ]])

# Division
a / b
# print(np.divide(a,b))

# array([[ 0.66666667, 1. , 1. ],
# [ 0.25 , 0.4 , 0.5 ]])

# Multiplication
a * b
# print(np.multiply(a,b))

# array([[ 1.5, 4. , 9. ],
# [ 4. , 10. , 18. ]])

# np.exp(b)
# Exponentiation
# np.sqrt(b)
# Square root
# np.sin(a)
# Print sines of an array
# np.cos(b)
# Element-wise cosine
# np.log(a)
# Element-wise natural logarithm
# Dot product
# e.dot(f)

# array([[ 7., 7.],

# [ 7., 7.]])

array([[ 1.5, 4. , 9. ],
[ 4. , 10. , 18. ]])

# inspecting Array

a.shape
# Array dimensions
len(a)
# Length of array
b.ndim
# Number of array dimensions
e.size
# Number of array elements
b.dtype
# Data type of array elements
b.dtype.name
# Name of data type
b.astype(int)
# Convert an array to a different type
np.info(np.ndarray.dtype)
# Asking for help

a=np.zeros((3,4))
# Create an array of zeros
b=np.ones((2,3,4),dtype=np.int16)
# Create an array of ones
d = np.arange(10,25,5)
# Create an array of evenly spaced values (step value)
c=np.linspace(0,2,9)
# Create an array of evenly spaced values (number of samples)
e = np.full((2,2),7)
# Create a constant array
f = np.eye(2)
# Create a 2X2 identity matrix
g=np.random.random((2,2))
# Create an array with random values
h=np.empty((3,2))
# Create an empty array

# print(a)
# print(b)
# print(c)
# print(e)
# print(f)

# print(g)
# print(h)

# Data Types

# np.int64 Signed 64-bit integer types

# np.float32 Standard double-precision floating point
# np.complex Complex numbers represented by 128 floats
# np.bool Boolean type storing TRUE and FALSE values
# np.object Python object type
# np.string_ Fixed-length string type
# np.unicode_ Fixed-length unicode type

# Saving and Loading text files

# np.loadtxt("myfile.txt")
# np.genfromtxt("my_file.csv", delimiter=',')
# np.savetxt("myarray.txt", a, delimiter=" ")

# comparison
# 1. Element-wise comparison
a == b

# array([[False, True, True],

# [False, False, False]], dtype=bool)

# 2. Element-wise comparison
a < 2
# array([True, False, False], dtype=bool)

np.array_equal(a, b)

#Aggregate Functions

a.sum()
# Array-wise sum

a.min()
# Array-wise minimum value

b.max(axis=0)
# Maximum value of an array row

b.cumsum(axis=1)
# Cumulative sum of the elements
a.mean()
# Mean

b.median()
# Median

a.corrcoef()
# Correlation coefficient

np.std(b)
# Standard deviation

# Sorting Arrays

a.sort()
# Sort an array
c.sort(axis=0)
# Sort the elements of an array's axis

# subsetting ,slicing and Indexing

# Subsetting
a[2]
# Select the element at the 2nd index 3
b[1,2]
# Select the element at row 1 column 2 - 6.0 (equivalent to b[1][2])

# Slicing
a[0:2]
# Select items at index 0 and 1 ~ array([1, 2])
b[0:2,1]
# Select items at rows 0 and 1 in column 1 ~ array([ 2., 5.])

b[:1]
# Select all items at row 0 ~ array([[1.5, 2., 3.]]) (equivalent to
b[0:1, :])
c[1,...]
# Same as [1,:,:]array ~([[[ 3., 2., 1.], 4., 5., 6.]]])
a[ : :-1]
# Reversed array a array([3, 2, 1])

# Boolean Indexing
a[a<2]
# Select elements from a less than 2
array([1])
 # Fancy Indexing
b[[1, 0, 1, 0],[0, 1, 2, 0]]
# Select elements (1,0),(0,1),(1,2) and (0,0) ~ array([ 4. , 2. , 6. ,
1.5])

## very very important

b[[1, 0, 1, 0]][:,[0,1,2,0]]
# Select a subset of the matrix’s rows
# array([[ 4. ,5. , 6. , 4. ], and columns
# [ 1.5, 2. , 3. , 1.5],
# [ 4. , 5. , 6. , 4. ],
# [ 1.5, 2. , 3. , 1.5]])

a = np.array([1,2,3])
b = np.array([(1.5,2,3), (4,5,6)], dtype = float)
c = np.array([[(1.5,2,3), (4,5,6)], [(3,2,1), (4,5,6)]],

# Array Manipulation

1. Transposing Array
i = np.transpose(b)
# Permute array dimensions
i.T
# Permute array dimensions

2. Changing Array Shape

b.ravel()
# Flatten the array
g.reshape(3,-2)
# Reshape, but don’t change data

5. Adding/Removing Elements
h.resize((2,6))
# Return a new array with shape (2,6)
np.append(h,g)
# Append items to an array
np.insert(a, 1, 5)
# Insert items in an array
np.delete(a,[1])
# Delete items from an array

3. Combining Arrays
np.concatenate((a,d),axis=0)
# Concatenate arrays
 # array([ 1, 2, 3, 10, 15, 20])
np.vstack((a,b))
# Stack arrays vertically (row-wise)
# array([[ 1. , 2. , 3. ],
# [ 1.5, 2. , 3. ],
# [ 4. , 5. , 6. ]])
np.r_[e,f]
# Stack arrays vertically (row-wise)
np.hstack((e,f))
# Stack arrays horizontally (column-wise)
# array([[ 7., 7., 1., 0.],
# [ 7., 7., 0., 1.]])
np.column_stack((a,d))
# Create stacked column-wise arrays
# array([[ 1, 10],
# [ 2, 15],
# [ 3, 20]])
np.c_[a,d]
# Create stacked column-wise arrays

4. Splitting Arrays
np.hsplit(a,3)
# Split the array horizontally at the 3rd
# [array([1]),array([2]),array([3])] index
np.vsplit(c,2)
# Split the array vertically at the 2nd index
# [array([[[ 1.5, 2. , 1. ],
# [ 4. , 5. , 6. ]]]),
# array([[[ 3., 2., 3.],
# [ 4., 5., 6.]]])]
04/08/2024, 17:57 Numpy_indexing_and_selection - Colab

import numpy as np
arr=np.arange(0,11)
arr

array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])

# arr[8]
arr[1:5]
arr[0:5]
arr[0:6]
arr[5:]

array([ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])

arr[0:5]=100
arr

array([100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])

arr=np.arange(0,11)
arr

array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])

slice=arr[0:6]
slice

array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

slice[:]=99
slice

array([99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99])

arr

array([99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])

arr_copy=arr.copy()
arr_copy

array([99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])

arr_copy[:]=100
arr_copy

array([100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100])

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arr_2d=np.array([[5,10,15],[20,25,30],[35,40,45]])
arr_2d

array([[ 5, 10, 15],

[20, 25, 30],
[35, 40, 45]])

# arr_2d[0][2]
# arr_2d[1]
arr_2d[0,1]

10

arr_2d[:2,0:]

array([[ 5, 10, 15],

[20, 25, 30]])

arr_2d[:2]

array([[ 5, 10, 15],

[20, 25, 30]])

arr=np.arange(1,11)
arr

array([ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])

bool_arr=arr>5
bool_arr

array([False, False, False, False, False, True, True, True, True,

True])

arr[bool_arr]
arr[arr>5]

array([ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])

arr[arr<3]

array([1, 2])

arr_2d=np.arange(50).reshape(5,10)
arr_2d
arr_2d[:,:]

array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9],
[10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19],
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[20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29],
[30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39],
[40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49]])

Numpy Operations

arr=np.arange(0,11)
arr
arr+arr
arr-arr
arr*arr
arr+100
arr*100

array([ 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000])

1/0

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ZeroDivisionError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-45-9e1622b385b6> in <cell line: 1>()
----> 1 1/0

ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

arr/arr

<ipython-input-46-50b4ced5627e>:1: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered

arr/arr
array([nan, 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.])

1/arr

<ipython-input-47-016353831300>:1: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered

1/arr
array([ inf, 1. , 0.5 , 0.33333333, 0.25 ,
0.2 , 0.16666667, 0.14285714, 0.125 , 0.11111111,
0.1 ])

arr**2

array([ 0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100])

np.sqrt(arr)

array([0. , 1. , 1.41421356, 1.73205081, 2. ,

2.23606798, 2.44948974, 2.64575131, 2.82842712, 3. ,
3.16227766])

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04/08/2024, 17:57 Numpy_indexing_and_selection - Colab
np.exp(arr)

array([1.00000000e+00, 2.71828183e+00, 7.38905610e+00, 2.00855369e+01,

5.45981500e+01, 1.48413159e+02, 4.03428793e+02, 1.09663316e+03,
2.98095799e+03, 8.10308393e+03, 2.20264658e+04])

np.max(arr)

10

arr.max()

10

np.sin(arr)

array([ 0. , 0.84147098, 0.90929743, 0.14112001, -0.7568025 ,

-0.95892427, -0.2794155 , 0.6569866 , 0.98935825, 0.41211849,
-0.54402111])

np.log(arr)

<ipython-input-55-a67b4ae04e95>:1: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered

np.log(arr)
array([ -inf, 0. , 0.69314718, 1.09861229, 1.38629436,
1.60943791, 1.79175947, 1.94591015, 2.07944154, 2.19722458,
2.30258509])

import numpy as np
arr=np.zeros(10)
arr

array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.])

np.ones(10)*5

array([5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5.])

np.zeros(10)+5

array([5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5.])

np.arange(10,51)

array([10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,
27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43,
44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50])

np.arange(10,51,2)

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04/08/2024, 17:57 Numpy_indexing_and_selection - Colab

array([10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42,
44, 46, 48, 50])

# arr_2d=np.arange(9)
# arr_2d.reshape(3,3)
np.arange(9).reshape(3,3)

array([[0, 1, 2],
[3, 4, 5],
[6, 7, 8]])

np.eye(3)

array([[1., 0., 0.],

[0., 1., 0.],
[0., 0., 1.]])

np.random.rand()

0.8372832019902213

np.random.randn(25)

array([-0.53594062, 0.63815652, -1.547196 , -0.54044022, 0.49966071,

1.74185488, -2.52323902, 0.11759212, 0.17514215, -2.0782001 ,
-0.66915319, -0.8834319 , -0.66285592, 1.40269786, 1.56719378,
-0.80242937, 0.68253086, -0.49091883, 1.27686093, -0.04379424,
0.20053335, 0.26919564, -1.34220613, -1.01839723, 0.18912552])

np.random.randn(25).shape

(25,)

x=np.arange(1,101)/100
x.reshape(10,10)

array([[0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1 ],
[0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.2 ],
[0.21, 0.22, 0.23, 0.24, 0.25, 0.26, 0.27, 0.28, 0.29, 0.3 ],
[0.31, 0.32, 0.33, 0.34, 0.35, 0.36, 0.37, 0.38, 0.39, 0.4 ],
[0.41, 0.42, 0.43, 0.44, 0.45, 0.46, 0.47, 0.48, 0.49, 0.5 ],
[0.51, 0.52, 0.53, 0.54, 0.55, 0.56, 0.57, 0.58, 0.59, 0.6 ],
[0.61, 0.62, 0.63, 0.64, 0.65, 0.66, 0.67, 0.68, 0.69, 0.7 ],
[0.71, 0.72, 0.73, 0.74, 0.75, 0.76, 0.77, 0.78, 0.79, 0.8 ],
[0.81, 0.82, 0.83, 0.84, 0.85, 0.86, 0.87, 0.88, 0.89, 0.9 ],
[0.91, 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99, 1. ]])

np.linspace(0.01,1,100).reshape(10,10)

array([[0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1 ],
[0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.2 ],
[0.21, 0.22, 0.23, 0.24, 0.25, 0.26, 0.27, 0.28, 0.29, 0.3 ],

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[0.31, 0.32, 0.33, 0.34, 0.35, 0.36, 0.37, 0.38, 0.39, 0.4 ],
[0.41, 0.42, 0.43, 0.44, 0.45, 0.46, 0.47, 0.48, 0.49, 0.5 ],
[0.51, 0.52, 0.53, 0.54, 0.55, 0.56, 0.57, 0.58, 0.59, 0.6 ],
[0.61, 0.62, 0.63, 0.64, 0.65, 0.66, 0.67, 0.68, 0.69, 0.7 ],
[0.71, 0.72, 0.73, 0.74, 0.75, 0.76, 0.77, 0.78, 0.79, 0.8 ],
[0.81, 0.82, 0.83, 0.84, 0.85, 0.86, 0.87, 0.88, 0.89, 0.9 ],
[0.91, 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99, 1. ]])

np.linspace(0,1,20)

array([0. , 0.05263158, 0.10526316, 0.15789474, 0.21052632,

0.26315789, 0.31578947, 0.36842105, 0.42105263, 0.47368421,
0.52631579, 0.57894737, 0.63157895, 0.68421053, 0.73684211,
0.78947368, 0.84210526, 0.89473684, 0.94736842, 1. ])

mat=np.arange(1,26).reshape(5,5)
mat

array([[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
[ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10],
[11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
[16, 17, 18, 19, 20],
[21, 22, 23, 24, 25]])

mat[2:,1:]

array([[12, 13, 14, 15],

[17, 18, 19, 20],
[22, 23, 24, 25]])

mat[3,4]

20

mat[:3,1].reshape(3,1)

array([[ 2],
[ 7],
[12]])

mat[4,]

array([21, 22, 23, 24, 25])

# np.sum(mat)
mat.sum()

325

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np.std(mat)
mat.std()
# standard Deviation

7.211102550927978

mat.sum(axis=0)

array([55, 60, 65, 70, 75])

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04/08/2024, 17:57 Colab_Numpy_project - Colab

import numpy as np

my_list=[1,2,3]

arr=np.array(my_list)
arr

array([1, 2, 3])

my_mat=[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
np.array(my_mat)

array([[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9]])

np.arange(0,10)

array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

np.arange(0,11,2)

array([ 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10])

np.zeros(3)

array([0., 0., 0.])

np.ones(4)

array([1., 1., 1., 1.])

# np.zeros(3)
# # np.zeros((2,3))
# np.ones(4)
# np.ones((3,4))

array([[1., 1., 1., 1.],

[1., 1., 1., 1.],
[1., 1., 1., 1.]])

np.linspace(0,5,10)

array([0. , 0.55555556, 1.11111111, 1.66666667, 2.22222222,

2.77777778, 3.33333333, 3.88888889, 4.44444444, 5. ])

np.eye(4)

array([[1., 0., 0., 0.],

[0., 1., 0., 0.],
[0., 0., 1., 0.],
[0., 0., 0., 1.]])

# np.random.rand(5)
# np.random.rand(2,3)
np.random.randn(2)

array([-0.34938613, 0.67991274])

np.random.randn(3,3)

array([[ 1.14741213, -1.25097847, -0.1229062 ],

[-0.98719806, 0.07323487, -0.12773502],

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[ 0.33541048, 1.3689871 , 1.50550368]])

# np.random.randint(1,100,10)
np.random.randint(1,100)

94

# arr=np.arange(25)
# arr
ranarr=np.random.randint(0,50,10)
ranarr

array([ 9, 30, 31, 16, 2, 18, 13, 26, 16, 39])

arr.reshape(5,5)

array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
[ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9],
[10, 11, 12, 13, 14],
[15, 16, 17, 18, 19],
[20, 21, 22, 23, 24]])

# arr.reshape(5,10)
# ranarr.max()
# ranarr.min()

# ranarr.argmax()
ranarr.argmin()

arr=arr.reshape(5,5)
arr.shape

(5, 5)

arr.dtype

dtype('int64')

from numpy.random import randint

# randint(2,10)

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