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Unit I. Lesson 4 Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Practical research

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21 views36 pages

Unit I. Lesson 4 Quantitative and Qualitative Research

Practical research

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alexandrag.casas
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 1: Nature of Research

Lesson 4
Qualitative and
Quantitative Research
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of the lesson, the learners
should be able to:

● Differentiate qualitative from


quantitative research.

● Explain the characteristics of


qualitative and quantitative
research.
If you were to do research on a
particular topic, what type of data
would you gather?
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

is a positivist scientific is defined as the


method which refers to a “naturalistic method of
general set of orderly research which deals with
discipline procedures to the concern of human
acquire information (Beck, difficulty by discovering it
2004). straightly.” (Beck, 2004)

It is concerned with the


Mostly, it is concerned with experiences, understanding
numbers and measurement. and words of the individual.
Mixed methods research combines elements of quantitative
research and qualitative research to answer your research question. Mixed
methods can help you gain a more complete picture than a standalone
quantitative or qualitative study, as it integrates the benefits of both
methods.

Mixed methods research is often used in the behavioral, health, and social
sciences, especially in multidisciplinary settings and complex situational or
societal research.
When to use
mixed methods
research
There are several common reasons for using mixed-
methods research:

•Generalizability: Qualitative research usually has a


smaller sample size, and thus is not generalizable. In mixed
methods research, this comparative weakness is mitigated
by the comparative strength of “large N,” externally
valid quantitative research.
•Contextualization: Mixing methods allows you to put findings in
context and add richer detail to your conclusions. Using qualitative
data to illustrate quantitative findings can help “put meat on the
bones” of your analysis.
•Credibility: Using different methods to collect data on the same
subject can make your results more credible. If the qualitative and
quantitative data converge, this strengthens the validity of your
conclusions. This process is called triangulation.
It employs the elements of both
qualitative and quantitative research in
terms of strategies and methods.
Sequential Concurrent Transformative

It elaborates or Qualitative and A theoretical lens


expands the quantitative is used as an
findings of one methods and data overarching
method with are being used perspective
another method. and collected at within a design
the same time. that contains
both quantitative
and qualitative
data.
Sequential Concurrent

Qualitative Quantitative
expounded by

Qualitative Quantitative

Quantitative Qualitative

expounded by

12
12
REMEMBER

Mixed methods research does not


only combine qualitative and
quantitative techniques. It also
considers the complementarity of
the two techniques.
OBJECTIVE

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

A fact-finding research
Measures problem
is used to gain an
using a rating scale and
understanding of
other research
individual differences in
parameters of group
terms of feelings and
similarities.
experiences
ACTIVITIES

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

Inductive- The researcher


Deductive- Starts from a
starts with the
hypothesis or already
observation, then
created theory
gathering all exact details
emphasizing the previously
of the topic and
researched phenomenon
generalization or new
from different views
theory is given towards the
(tested against
end of the research
observations)
process.
DATA DISCUSSIONS Uses inductive and deductive. They
AND PRESENTATIONS are not mutually exclusive with
each other in research. The
inductive method or “bottom-up” is
QUALITATIVE used if the researcher starts
discussions from the lowest and
highest means that explain the
QUANTITATIVE overall mean. Deductive or “top-
down” if the discussion is from the
overall mean going to the lowest
and highest means, deductive.
DATA ANALYSIS

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

Synthesize data,
interpret, and thematic Statistical objective-
analysis. Subjective The researcher employs
data analysis is standard criteria in
influenced by personal analyzing data.
experiences and views.
OUTCOME

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

Endorse a
Cultivates development. Has high
understanding with output replicability. The
high validity. There are conclusion is
no conclusions formulated towards the
formulated. end of the research
process.
DATA DESCRIPTION

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

• Natural setting • Measurement setting


• Making stories out of a • Performs measures out
certain phenomenon. of a certain
• Uses pictures, words, phenomenon
sentences, paragraphs, • Uses numbers, scales,
compositions, hypotheses,
narrations and short calculations, and
stories. statistics tools.
TIP

Qualitative techniques rely on words.


Quantitative techniques use numbers.
REMEMBER

Qualitative research may possibly use


numbers and figures, but its analysis
still focuses on words, meanings,
interpretations, and perspectives.
SAMPLE SIZE

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

Large sample
Small judgement (by
representatives of
decision) sampling
population
DATA GATHERING

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

• Standard/ Structured
• Unstructured or semi- • Uses census, survey
structured (flexible questionnaire,
processes) checklist, paper-pencil
• Uses interviews, test and
participant observation, experimentation
and group discussions. • Uses closed-ended
questions
When to use
qualitative vs.
quantitative
research
A rule of thumb for deciding whether to use
qualitative or quantitative data is:

•Use quantitative research if you want to confirm


or test something (a theory or hypothesis)

•Use qualitative research if you want


to understand something (concepts, thoughts,
experiences)
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Based on your own
track and strand, which
type of research are you
more inclined to do?
Quick Check

This type of research asks open-ended


questions to extract meaning,
perceptions, and interpretations.
Quick Check
1. The experiences of adults
Classify the different going into retirement
research topics as
qualitative or 2. Frequency of using mobile
banking applications
quantitative
research 3. The role of art in
elementary education
WRAP UP

The three main types of research are


qualitative, quantitative, and mixed
methods research.

Each type of research has strategies of


inquiry and employs specific methods of
data collection.
35
Creswell, John W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 3rd
ed. California: SAGE Publications Inc., 2009.

Leavy, Patricia. Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed Methods, Arts-Based, and
Community-Based Participatory Research Approaches. New York: The Guilford Press, 2017.

Neuman, W. Lawrence. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 7th ed.
Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2014.

O’Leary, Zina. The Essential Guide to Doing Research. London: SAGE Publications Ltd., 2004.

Vanderstoep, Scott W., and Deirdre D. Johnston. Research Methods for Everyday Life: Blending
Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2009.

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