Number System(Part 1) Contents :

- Number System
- Conversion between
Number System
Number systems are also called positional number system because the - MCQ & Assignment work
value of each symbol (i.e., digit and alphabet) in a number depends upon
its position within the number. A Number system is known by its radix or base.

The count of number of characters or literals is called the radix or base of the number system.

Numbers table :

Numbers Radix(Base) Range Number of digits/Characters

Binary 2 0 to 1 2
Octal 8 O to 7 8
Decimal 10 0 to 9 10
Hexadecimal 16 0 to F 16

Conversion of Number Systems

Conversion from Decimal to Binary or Octal or Hexadecimal Number Systems

To convert a decimal number to any other number system (binary, octal or hexadecimal), use the steps
given below.
Step 1: Divide the given number by the base value (b) of the number system in which it is to be
converted
Step 2: Note the remainder
Step 3: Keep on dividing the quotient by the base value and note the remainder till the quotient is zero
Step 4: Write the noted remainders in the reverse order (from bottom to top)

1. DECIMAL TO BINARY
(540.750)10 = (1000011100.11)2
STEPS OF WORKING

2|540 Remainder Remainder .750x2=1.500

2|270 =0 1 .500x2=1.000
2|135 =0 1
2|67 =1
2|33 =1
2|16 =1
2| 8 =0
2| 4 =0
2| 2 =0
2| 1 =0
0 =1

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2. DECIMAL TO OCTAL
(157.450)10 = (235.3463)8 approx.
STEPS OF WORKING
8|157 Remainder Remainder .450x8=3.600
8|19 =5 3 .600x8=4.800
8|2 =3 4 .800x8=6.400
0 =2 6 .400x8=3.200
3

3. DECIMAL TO HEX. DECIMAL

(814.650)10 = (32E.A66)16 approx.
STEPS OF WORKING
16|814 Remainder Remainder .650x16=10.400
16|50 =E A .400x16= 6.400
16|3 =2 6 .400x16= 6.400
0 =3 6

Conversion from Binary or Octal or Hexadecimal Number Systems to Decimal Number System
We can use the following steps to convert the given number with base value b to its decimal equivalent,
where base value b can be 2, 8 and 16 for binary, octal and hexadecimal number system, respectively.
Step 1: Write the position number for each alphanumeric symbol in the given number
Step 2: Get positional value for each symbol by raising its position number to the base value b symbol
in the given number
Step 3: Multiply each digit with the respective positional value to get a decimal value
Step 4: Add all these decimal values to get the equivalent decimal number

4. BINARY TO DECIMAL
(101101.1101)2= (45.8125)10
STEPS OF WORKING
1 0 1 1 0 1 .1 1 0 1

=25x1+24x0+23x1+22x1+21x0+20x1+ 2-1x1+2-2x1+2-3x0+2-4x1
=32 + 0 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 + .5 + .25 + 0 +0.0625
=45 + .8125
=45.8125

5. OCTAL TO DECIMAL
(225.50)8=(149.625)10
STEPS OF WORKING
2 2 5 .5 0

=82x2+81x2+80x5+ 8-1x5+8-2x0
=128 + 16 + 5 + 0.625+ 0
=149+ .625
=149.625

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6. HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL
(4C2.10)16=(1218.0625)10

STEPS OF WORKING
4 C 2 .1 0

=162x4+161xC+160x2+ 16-1x1+16-2x0
=256x4 +16x12+ 1x2 + 0.0625+ 0
=1024+ .192 + 2 0.0625
=1218+0.0625
=1218.0625

Conversion from Binary Number to Octal/ Hexadecimal Number and Vice-Versa

A binary number is converted to octal or hexadecimal number by making groups of 3 and 4 bits
respectively, and replacing each group by its equivalent octal/ hexadecimal digit.

7. OCTAL TO BINARY
(503.02)8=(101000011.000010)
STEPS OF WORKING

5 0 3 . 0 2

=101 000 011 . 000 010

Each of the digits are converted into 3 bits
binary form.

8. HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY
(90E.0C)16=(100100001110.00001100)2
STEPS OF WORKING
9 0 E . 0 C

=1001 0000 1110 . 0000 1100

Each of the digits are converted into 4 bits
binary form.

9. BINARY TO OCTAL
(10101000011.000010)2=(2503.02)8

STEPS OF WORKING
010 101 000 011 . 000 010

2 5 0 3 . 0 2

Why 3 bits in a binary number are grouped together to get octal number?
The octal counting system has eight digits. If you count all of the possible combinations of 3 binary
digits, you will find that there are 23, or 8 combinations. So, there is a 1:1 mapping of combinations of 3
bits to the 8 digits, 0 - 7. Hence, 3-bit groups in a binary number are formed to get equivalent octal
number.
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10. BINARY TO HEXADECIMAL DECIMAL
(1101011010.100111)2=(35A.9C)16

STEPS OF WORKING

0011 0101 1010 . 1001 1100

3 5 A 9 C

11. OCTAL TO HEXADECIMAL

(304.67)8=(C4.DC)16
STEPS OF WORKING

3 0 4 . 6 7

= (011 000 100 . 110 111)2

(Now group them into 4 bits form)

= (0 1100 0100 . 1101 1100)2
= (0 C 4 . D C)16

12. HEXADECIMAL TO OCTAL

(B42.C2)16=(5502.604)8

STEPS OF WORKING

B 4 2 .C 2

= (1011 0100 0010 . 1100 0010)2

(Now group them into 3 bits form)

= (101 101 000 010 . 110 000 10)2
=(5 5 0 2 . 6 0 4)8

Basic Rules for Binary Addition Basic Rules for Binary Subtraction
0+0=0 0-0=0
1+0=1 1-0=1
0+1=1 0-1=1 (Borrow 1)
1+1=0 (Carry 1) 1-1=0
1+1+1=1 (Carry 1)

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 MCQ Based Questions from Number System

1. Base of the number system is also known as _________________.

(a) radix (b) component (c) power (d) superscript
2. In hexadecimal number system, E represents:
(a) 10 (b) 13 (c) 14 (d) 15
3. The octal number system contains eight digits from:
(a) 0 to 8 (b) 0 to 7 (c) 1 to 8 (d) 0 to 15
4. Radix of Hexadecimal number is _________________.
a. 10 b. 8 c. 15 d. 16
5. _________ bit groups in a binary number are formed to get equivalent hexadecimal number.
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
6. State True or False:
In decimal to binary conversion remainders should be written from the top to bottom order.
7. Which of the following is not a positional number system?
(a) Roman Number (b) Octal Number (c) Binary Number (d) Hexadecimal Number
8. The binary equivalent of the decimal number 10 is __________
(a) 0010 (b) 10 (c) 1010 (d) 010
9. Which of the following is not a octal number?
(a) 723 (b) 101 (c) 108 (d) 1001
10. Statement 1 : (10011)2= (23)8
Statement 2: (4C)16= (86)10
(a) Both statement 1 and 2 are correct
(b) Both statement 1 and 2 are incorrect
(c) Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is incorrect
(d) Statement 1 is incorrect but Statement 2 is correct

Assignment Work
1. Do the following conversions as given :
(i) (514.25)8 = (?)10 (ii) (4D9)16 = (?)10 (iii) (220.01)8 = (?)2 (iv) (11001010.0011)2 = (?)10
(v) (76F)16 = (?)10 (vi) (1010111)2 = (?)10
2. Do the following conversions from decimal number to other number systems.
(i) (54)10 = (?)2 (iv) (889)10 = (?)8
(ii) (120)10 = (?)2 (v) (789)10 = (?)16
(iii) (76)10 = (?)8 (vi) (108)10 = (?)16
3. Express the following octal numbers into their equivalent decimal numbers.
(i) 145 (ii) 6760 (iii) 10.75
4. Express the following decimal numbers into hexadecimal numbers.
(i) 548 (ii) 4052 (iii) 100.25
5. Express the following hexadecimal numbers into equivalent decimal numbers.
(i) 4A2 (ii) 9E1A (iii) 6C.34
6. Convert the following binary numbers into octal and hexadecimal numbers.
(i) 1110001000 (ii) 110110101 (iii) 1010100 (iv) 1010.1001
7. Write binary equivalent of the following octal numbers.
(i) 2306 (ii) 5610 (iii) 742 (iv) 65.203
8. Write binary representation of the following hexadecimal numbers.
(i) 4026 (ii) BCA1 (iii) 98E (iv) 132.45
9. Write decimal equivalent of the following octal numbers.
(i) 702.25 (ii) 101
10. Let X be a number system having B symbols only. Write down the base value of this number system.

---------------------X---------------------
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