● experiential learning or learning

Deductive and Inductive Method one’s and other’s experience; what

1. Deductive Method – traditional is meant by Confucius when he said,
lecture or didactic approach: “ doing as the best way of
● also known as banking method understanding” ( I hear and I forget,
● referred to as pedagogy, the art of I see and I remember, I do and I
teaching children understand)
● parent-child; teacher-student; ● a set of cases is presented for study
master-disciple level; teacher is the and from their won empirical
authority figure, the star of the in the observations, participants formulate
classroom principles or even theories to
● to draw conclusions or to infer from provide better understanding of
already known principles, concepts these cases
and theories and to expand to further ● facilitator or teacher begins with
principles participants experiences, concerns
● main aim is to increase or change and problems and enlist their
factual knowledge that can be participation by thinking through
applied to life their concerns, their capacity for
Steps for Deductive Method: solving problems is enhanced.
1. Preparation – requires a thorough ● learners and facilitators related in an
knowledge of the subject matter that adult-to-adult manner
has been selected, giving its ● referred to as andragogy ( Greek
rationale and relevance to the target word aner=man) coined by Malcolm
audience Knowles, pioneer and guru of adult
2. Presentation – involves the teacher education
offering a body of knowledge ● Andragogy – the art and science of
considered reliable and valuable. It helping adult learn; when young,
should have logic, clarity and mature adults bring with them skills,
coherence with the use of teaching knowledge and attitudes and
styles/strategies experiences, beliefs, biases and
3. Clarification – gives the habit patterns in group sessions that
opportunity for the students to ask others can learn from ( refer also to
questions after the lecture; an open handout on assumptions about adult
forum learners)
4. Application – aims to improve ● The inductive process then makes
skills or change attitude through use of these experiences to further
actual practice, homework or learning.
exercises to be done at home or ins Steps for Inductive Method:
school 1. Setting the climate – to make the
5. Recapitulation – repetition of the atmosphere conducive for learning
teacher’s presentation to assure by making sure of the
retention; may be tested through appropriateness of the physical
exams or quizzes set-up, orientation etc. to the
audience
2. Determining the learning
objective – the theme or focus of
the experiential learning
2. Inductive Method 3. Doing – opens the issue, dilemma,
● laboratory method; evocative, or problem or disturbance by
dialogic or participative; making use of structured learning
experiences (SLEs), case studies,
 verbal descriptions, role plays or
reports
4. Looking, observing – focuses on
what happened while doing the
activity; observe on the content and
process
5. Thinking, analyzing, reflecting –
asks questions on what can be
learned from the experience ( what
can we learn from the facts? ; what
are the implications? Why did it
happen?
6. Generalizing, looking insights –
conclusions reached based on the
reflections or sorting of the
experience and may relate it to an
existing theory or principle
● learning from here is different from
deductive in that new knowledge
has been arrived through the
learner’s efforts and testing it
against her own feelings, thoughts
and experiences
7. Acting – given the insights and
greater understanding, learners are
encouraged to act immediately,
delay acting or not to act at all.