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Group C-2

mathsematica

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Likith Gagan
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5 views11 pages

Group C-2

mathsematica

Uploaded by

Likith Gagan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GROUP C-2

Topic : Soil Moisture Sensor


Requirements for soil moisture sensor are :-
1. Soil moisture sensor.
2. Breadboard.
3. Microcontroller.
4. Development board with USB cable.
5. LCD display.
Soil Moisture Sensor - A soil moisture sensor is a device used to measure
the water content in soil. This measurement is crucial for various applications,
including agriculture, horticulture, landscaping, and environmental monitoring.

Types of Soil Moisture Sensors-

1. Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensors: Measure the dielectric


permittivity of the soil, which varies with the water content.Typically
more durable and less prone to corrosion compared to resistive
sensors.
2. Resistive Soil Moisture Sensors:Measure the resistance between
two electrodes inserted into the soil.Water conducts electricity, so
wetter soil has lower resistance.
3. Gypsum Block Soil Moisture Sensors: Use a block of gypsum
(calcium sulfate) embedded with electrodes.Measure the electrical
resistance, which changes as the gypsum absorbs or loses
water.Suitable for long-term monitoring in agricultural settings.
4. Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) Sensors: Use the time it takes
for an electromagnetic pulse to travel along a probe to determine soil
.

moisture.Highly accurate but more expensive and complex.


5. Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) Sensors:Similar to TDR
but use frequency changes instead of time to measure moisture.Provide
good accuracy and are used in both research and practical applications.
BREADBOARD:-
A breadboard is a construction base used for prototyping electronics, which allows the
creation and testing of circuits without soldering. It has a grid of interconnected holes
where electronic components can be inserted and interconnected to form a temporary
circuit.

Types of Breadboards:

1.Solderless Breadboards:
Description: Most common type, used for prototyping without soldering.
Features: Consists of a plastic board with a grid of interconnected holes for
inserting components.
Advantages: Reusable, easy to modify circuits.

2.Solderable Breadboards:
Description: Used for more permanent prototyping where components are
soldered onto the board.
Features: Made of a board with pre-drilled holes and copper pads or strips for
soldering.
Advantages: More stable and durable connections compared to solderless
breadboards.

3.Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Breadboards


Description: Custom PCBs designed to mimic the layout of a breadboard.
Features: Allow for more robust and reliable connections, often used for
finalizing prototypes.
Advantages: Offers the stability of a PCB with the flexibility of a breadboard
layout.
4.Proto Boards:
Description: A hybrid between solderless breadboards and perfboards,
sometimes including both through-hole and surface-mount areas.
Features: Various configurations available for different types of components.
Advantages: Versatile for a variety of prototyping needs, bridging the gap
between temporary and permanent solutions.

5.Software-Based Breadboards:
Description: Virtual breadboards used in simulation software for testing circuit
designs without physical components.
Features: Simulate electronic components and their behavior in a virtual
environment.
Advantages: Allows for easy testing and modification without the need for
physical components.
5V microcontroller :-
A 5V microcontroller is a type of microcontroller that operates at a 5-volt logic
level, meaning it uses a 5V power supply for its operation and interfaces with
other components using 5V signals.

Common Features:

1.Voltage Level: Operates at a 5V power supply.

2.Compatibility: Can interface directly with other 5V logic level components, such
as sensors, actuators, and communication modules.

3.I/O Pins: Typically includes digital and analog input/output pins for interfacing
with other devices.

4.Integrated Peripherals: Often includes built-in peripherals like timers, PWM


(Pulse Width Modulation), ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converters), communication
interfaces (UART, SPI, I2C), and more.
Some example are :- Arduino Uno (ATmega328P) ,Microchip
PIC16F877A , etc
Development board with USB cable:-
A development board with a USB cable is a type of microcontroller
development platform that includes a USB interface for easy connection
to a computer. This allows for programming, power supply, and serial
communication through a single USB connection.
Popular Development Boards with USB Connectivity

1.Arduino Uno:
Microcontroller: ATmega328P.
USB Interface: USB-B connector.
Features: 14 digital I/O pins, 6 analog inputs, 16 MHz clock speed, built-
in power regulator.
Applications: Ideal for beginners, education, and prototyping.

2.Raspberry Pi Pico:
Microcontroller: RP2040.
USB Interface: Micro-USB connector.
Features: 26 multi-function GPIO pins, dual-core ARM Cortex-M0+
processor, 2 MB flash memory.
Applications: Embedded applications, learning ARM programming,
hobbyist projects.
5.LCD DISPLAY:-
An LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a type of flat-panel display technology
commonly used in various electronic devices due to its low power
consumption, compactness, and ability to display high-quality images.

Types of LCD Display :-


1.Character LCD:
Description: Displays text characters, typically in a matrix
format.
Common Sizes: 16x2, 20x4 (characters x rows).
Features: Simple to interface with microcontrollers, often uses
HD44780 driver.

2.Graphic LCD:
Description: Can display images, graphics, and text.
Common Resolutions: 128x64, 240x128.
Features: More versatile than character LCDs, supports custom
graphics.

3.Segment LCD:
Description: Displays pre-defined segments, such as those in
digital clocks or calculators.
Features: Limited to fixed characters or symbols.

4.TFT LCD (Thin Film Transistor LCD):


Description: High-quality, color display with individual
transistors for each pixel.
Common Sizes: 1.8", 2.4", 3.2", 5.0".
Features: High resolution, vibrant colors, touch capability (in
some models).
REQUIREMENTS USED FOR SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR ARE:
1. REES52 Soil Hygrometer Moisture Detection Water Sensor
Module Soil Moisture Sensor YL-69 Sensor and HC-38 Module.
.The REES52 Soil Hygrometer Moisture Detection Water Sensor
Module utilizes the YL-69 Sensor and HC-38 Module for accurate
soil moisture sensing.
COST: ₹150

2. Electronic Spices 840 Tie Point Solderless Breadboard, 840 Round


Hole Solderless Prototype Board.
. The Electronic Spices 840 Tie Point Solderless Breadboard
provides a convenient platform for prototyping with its 840 Round
Hole Solderless Prototype Board.

COST: ₹130
3. Electronic Spices 5v 1 Channel Relay Module Compatible
With 5v Microcontroller.
. Electronic Spices offers a 5v 1 Channel Relay Module,
perfectly compatible with 5v Microcontrollers for efficient
control of various electronic devices.

COST: ₹150

4. RoboCraze UNO R3 SMD Board compatible with Arduino.I


Development Board with USB cable.
. The RoboCraze UNO R3 SMD Board is fully compatible
with Arduino, featuring a development board and USB
cable for seamless programming and connectivity.

COST: ₹550
5. Generic 0829UBOUTCY JCE 16 x 2 LCD Display.
. The Generic 0829UBOUTCY JCE 16 x 2 LCD Display offers
clear and concise visual feedback for your projects,
ensuring effective communication of data and information
COST: ₹300

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