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ENGLISH
Grammar: Active and Passive Voice
 Grammar | Active and Passive Voice

Active and Passive Voice

What is Voice in Grammar?

Voice in grammar is a study of the relationship of the verb with its subject and object.
• When the subject of a sentence performs the action, the sentence has an active voice.
• When the subject of the sentence merely receives the action, the sentence has a passive voice.

1. Chandu cut a tree.

The subject in this sentence is Chandu who performs the action of cutting a tree. Hence, the sentence
is in the active voice.
2. A tree was cut by Chandu.
The subject in this sentence tree does not seem to perform the action. Instead, it seems to have
received the action of ‘being cut’. Hence, the sentence is in the passive voice.

Active Voice
The active voice is widely used in English and is preferred over the passive voice. It is direct and concise
in nature and it makes the sentences sound assertive. In the active voice, the subject or doer is in focus
and not the object.

The people selected the representative.

Helen sang a song.
Krishna took a bus to the station.

In the above sentences, the words people, Helen and Krishna are in the focus, the words
representative, song and bus are in the background. Hence, the active voice is used.

Passive Voice
The passive voice has a tendency to render the sentences weak, unlike the active voice. Although it is
generally considered undesirable in writing, there are instances where the passive voice is desired.

The representative was selected by the people.

A song was sung by Helen.
A bus was taken by Krishna to the station.

In the above cases, the words representative, song and bus are highlighted and the words people,
Helen and Krishna are not given importance. Hence, the sentences are in the passive voice.

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 Grammar | Active and Passive Voice

Transforming a Sentence from the Active to the Passive

While transforming a sentence into the passive voice, the easiest way is to interchange the position of the
subject and the object.

Subject Verb Object

Active Voice
The cat chased the rat

Subject Verb Object

Passive Voice
The rat is chased by the cat.

Rules
• Historical instances sound better when expressed in the passive voice.
The kingdom was captured by the enemies.
The Declaration of Independence was signed on the 4th of July 1776.

• In the case of compound and complex sentences, all the clauses in the sentence should be in the
same form.

Active voice Passive voice

She drove the car home and the garage door was opened by her. Incorrect

Active voice Passive voice

She drove the car home and opened the garage door. Correct

• When the doer of the action is important, use the active voice.
The Prime Minister spoke about the important issue.
Gretel wrote a letter.

• When the thing or person which gets affected by the action is important, use the passive voice.
The mangoes were picked from the orchard.
Michael was called by the boss.

• The passive voice is not possible when the verb used is intransitive.
Krishna runs fast.
Fast was ran by Krishna. Incorrect

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 Grammar | Active and Passive Voice

Changes in Tense

Tense Active Voice Passive Voice

Simple present The bees gather nectar. Nectar is gathered by the bees.
Present continuous Manish is writing a story. A story is being written by Manish.
Present perfect Reema has gifted Sheena. Sheena has been gifted by Reema.
Present perfect continuous Dad has been calling you. -
Simple past The monkeys stole food. Food was stolen by the monkeys.
Past continuous Geeta was cleaning the house. The house was being cleaned by Geeta.
Past perfect Chitra had finished the work. The work had been finished by Chitra.
Past perfect continuous Beena had been working. -
Simple future I will write a letter. A letter will be written by me.
Future continuous She will be grating cheese. -
Future perfect Dr Walsh will have discovered A cure will have been discovered by Dr
a cure. Walsh.
Future perfect continuous Maria will have been cooking -
food.

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