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Computing Notes Chap 10

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24 views4 pages

Computing Notes Chap 10

Uploaded by

kellyyh0518
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 10: Communicating Digital Content

1. Communications
- Digital communications describes a process in which two or more computers or
devices transfer data, instructions, and information
• Sending device
• Transmission media
• Receiving device

2. Network : a collection of computers and devices connected together via


communications devices and transmission media
- Advantages of a network include :
• Sharing hardware • Facilitating communications
• Sharing software • Transferring funds
• Sharing data and information

a) Local area network (LAN) : a network that connects computers and devices in a
limited geographical area
b) Wireless LAN (WLAN) : a LAN that uses no physical wires
c) Metropolitan area network (MAN) : connects LANs in a metropolitan area
d) Wide area network (WAN) : a network that covers a large geographic area
e) Personal area network (PAN) : a network that connects computers and devices
in an individual’s workspace with wired and
wireless technology
- The configuration of computers, devices, and media on a network is sometimes
called the network architecture
• Client/server network • Peer-to-peer network

3. Communications Software
- consists of programs and apps that:
• Help users establish a connection to another computer, mobile device, or
network
• Manage the transmission of data, instructions, and information
• Provide an interface for users to communicate with one another
4. Network Communications Standards and Protocols
a) Ethernet : a network standard that specifies no central computer or device on
the network (nodes) should control when data can be transmitted

b) Token ring (standard) : specifies that computers and devices on the network
share or pass a special signal (token)

c) TCP/IP : a network protocol that defines how messages (data) are routed from
one end of a network to another

d) Wi-Fi : identifies any network based on the 802.11 standard that specifies how
two wireless devices communicate over the air with each other

e) LTE : a network standard that defines how high-speed cellular transmissions use
broadcast radio to transmit data for mobile communications

f) Bluetooth : a network protocol that defines how two Bluetooth devices use
short-range radio waves to transmit data

g) UWB (ultra-wideband) : a network standard that specifies how two UWB


devices use short-range radio waves to communicate at
high speeds with each other

h) IrDA : transmits data wirelessly via infrared (IR) light waves

i) RFID : a protocol that defines how a network uses radio signals to communicate
with a tag placed in or attached to an object, an animal, or a person

j) NFC (near field communication) : a protocol, based on RFID, that defines how a
network uses close-range radio signals to communicate
between two devices or objects equipped with NFC technology

5. Communications Lines

- ADSL : a type of DSL that supports faster downstream rates than upstream rates
6. Communications Devices
- any type of hardware capable of transmitting data, instructions, and information
between a sending device and a receiving device
a) Broadband modem : sends and receives data and information to and from a
digital line
- Cable modem
- DSL modem

b) Wireless modem : uses a mobile phone provider’s network to connect to the


Internet wirelessly from a computer or mobile device

c) Wireless access point (WAP) : a central communications device that allows


computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly
among themselves or to a wired network

d) Router : connects multiple computers or other routers together and transmits


data to its correct destination on a network
- Some routers provide additional functionality :
• Broadband router • Wireless router
• Broadband wireless router • Mobile broadband wireless router

e) Network card : enables a computer or device that does not have built-in
networking capability to access a network

f) Hub or switch : a device that provides a central point for cables in a network

7. Home Networks
- Many home users connect multiple computers and devices together in a home
network

8. Transmission Media
- carries one or more communications signals
• Broadband media : transmit multiple signals simultaneously
• Bandwidth : the amount of data, instructions, and information that can travel
over transmission media sometimes
• Latency : the time it takes a signal to travel from one location to another on a
network
a) Physical Transmission Media
i) Twisted-pair cable ii) Coaxial cable iii) Fiber-optic cable

b) Wireless Transmission Media


i) Broadcast radio : a wireless transmission medium that distributes radio signals
through the air over long distances

ii) Cellular radio : a form of broadcast radio that is in wide use for mobile
communications

iii) Microwaves : radio waves that provide a high-speed signal transmission

iv) Communications satellite :


- a space station that receives microwave signals from an earth-based
station, amplifies it, and broadcasts the signal over a wide area to any
number of earth-based stations

v) GPS (global positioning system) :


- a navigation system that consists of one or more earth-based receivers that
accept and analyze signals sent by satellites in order to determine the
receiver’s geographical location

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