Problem – Solution

Giao thông (tắc đường, ô nhiễm không khí) Cause – effect (nguyên nhân – hệ quả)
Cuộc sống thành phố Cause – solution (nguyên nhân – giải pháp)
Môi trường (ô nhiễm, sự nóng lên toàn cầu,…) Effect – solution (hệ quả - giải pháp)
Sức khỏe (đồ ăn nhanh, béo phì,…) Cause – effect – solution (nguyên nhân – hệ quả
- giải pháp)
Problem – solution: This essay will describe some problems of… and suggest several solutions

Cause – effect: This essay will describe the causes and effects of…
There are several reasons why…
The effects of … are very serious
Read the following text from a book about staying single. Over the last twenty years, there has
been a huge increase in the number of people who remain single. Most people who live alone are
young adults who postpone marriage into their late twenties, but some are in their thities and
fortfies. One reason they often give for staying single is that they have not met the right person.
Others say that marriage involves too much commitment and responsibility, or that they prefer
the single lifestyle.

In today's world, many people prefer to lead a single life instead of getting married because of various
reasons. However, this trend also has obvious effects on their life. This essay will shed light on causes
of this trend and assess some of its possible consequences.

There are several reasons why people desire to become a singleton. The first and foremost reason is
that they can have complete control over their lifestyle and living habits. It means that they have
freedom to do anything they want without caring about others. Furthermore, they benefit from better
skill development; for example, they acquire new skills such as independence skills, cleaning and
cooing skills. In addition, people prefer staying single to getting married because marriage lite involves
too much commitment and responsibility. For instance, they have to get on well with their spouses and
deal with any problems that might arise. Moreover, they have to engage in childbearing and child-
rearing, which is not an easy task.

Staying alone has both positive and negative impacts on people. A good side of this trend is that it
promotes economic growth. More specifically, single people are more committed to their careers,
which makes more contribution to the economic growth of the country. Concerning negative sides,
going solo causes loneliness and depression. As a result, people might suffer from psychological
problems. Moreover, it leads to reduced social interaction since people have difficulty establishing
meaningful relationships. Last but not least, they do not receive support from others when they
encounter problems or get sick.

In conclusion, there are two main causes leading people to live alone and its impacts are various. As
negative sides of staying single oulweigh its positive ones, the government should take actions to
encourage young people to get maried so as to mitigate its disadvantages.
Thanks to the everincreasing use of technology, computers are being used more and more in
education. Some people say that this is a positive trend because technology can benefit both
teachers and students at the touch of a button. There are others; however, who argue that it may
deprive people of real human interaction.

The advancement of technology has made education become more convenient than ever before. While
many people suppose that the increasing use of technology in education is a positive development,
others argue that this trend has some negative effects. This essay aims to examine both sides of this
issue.

On the one hand, technology is beneficial to studying and teaching in several ways. In the first place,
the Internet provides learners and teachers with an unlimited source of information. For instance,
students collect information for study purposes such as broadening their knowledge or doing their
homework meanwhile teachers get access to information for making lesson plans. Thus, both teachers
and students are capable of mastering research skills and computer skills. In addition, the Internet
enables sudents to take online course in an easy way. t is not only time-saving but also money-saving
to study online. Furthermore, learners can arrange a time and place to learn at their convenience. The
final merit is that technology is a powerful tool to engage students. To illustrate, students are more
motivated to participate in lessons with games and fascinating images using PowerPoint.

On the other hand, the use of technology brings users some drawbacks. The first one is that it causes
reduced face-to-face interaction. Students have fewer opportunities to discuss topics with their
classmates and ask teachers questions directly. Therefore, they cannot upgrade their sft skills such as
communication skills and group work skills which are valuable for their future jobs. Moreover,
technology is a main source of distraction to learners. Spending a lot of time using the Internet can
make them get bad learning results. Last but not least, it is likely that learners get ino information
because not all information posted online is veritied tor accuracy.

All things considered, although technology has some bad impacts on users, it plays an important part in
education. It is advisable that people use it in a proper way to make use of its merits.
Stress is the feeling of being under too much mental or emotional pressure. Pressure becomes
stress when you teel unable fo cope. Stress can atfect how you feel, think, and behave and even
how your body functions. It is worth taking the time to learn different strategies and techniques
tor managing your stress before ther are serious consequences for your mental and physical well-
being. People have different ways of escaping the stress and difficulties of modern life. Some
read; some exercise; others work in their gardens.
In recent years, stress has become a more popular problem which has negative impacts on human's
lives. The objective of this essay is to examine consequences of stress and recommend several
measures to deal with it.

There are various potential impacs of being under pressure. The most obvious effect is that it leads to
severe health problems. To illustrate, people may suffer from mental illnesses like depression, anxiety
disorders as well as physical problems such as headache and tiredness. As a result, they lose
concentrafion on doing everything, which impacts their work and study badly. In addition, strain eaves
negative consequences on people's behaviors. For instance, it results in bad habits like drug abuse and
alcohol addiction, which is harmful to their health. Moreover, they may show violence and aggression,
which makes them have negative actions and form bad behaviors. Last but not least, pressure
influences people's relationship negatively. Specifically, those who are under pressure do not want to
inieract with others, so they drift apart.

There are various measures which could be taken to release stress. The first solution to mention is that
people get regular physical activity. For instance, participating in outdoor activities such as playing
sports, swimming and jogging enables them to refresh their mind after stresstul hours at school or
work. Another alternative is that people have a balanced diet. To be more specificG, a diet including a
good intake of fruits and protein allows them to stay healthy in order to manage stress. The final
method to escape from pressure is that people keep worklife balance. Having a full sleep is a great way
to not only boost their energy but also release tension.

In summary, although negative effects of stress are various, there are effective stress management
strategies. It is important that people lead a healthy lifestyle to overcome stress of a busy life in modern
society.
One of the growing areas of concern is that of Internet addiction. An Internet addict is someone
who is unable to control his or her own use of the Internet and whose behaviQurs threatens his
or her normal life. Internet addiction can result in many problems including a lack of sleep, bad
performance at work or school or reduced family or social interaction.

The advent of technology comes with a worrying trend that people overuse the Internet. Spending too
much time surfing the Internet leads to Internet addiction which is extremely harmful to users. My
essay will examine consequences of this problem and recommend effective measures to address it.

The addiction to the Internet results in plenty of dangers. First and foremost, it leaves harmful effects
on children' health. For instance, the uncontrolled Use of the Internet leads them to suffer from a lot of
mental and physical health problems such as tiredness, shortsightedness and so on. The second
negative effect is that it makes children distracled from their study. When spending a great deal of time
using the Internetchildren easily lose concentration on study. As a consequence, they may get bad
learning results. Last but not least, geting addicied to the social media leads to reduced social
interaçtion. Kids who use the Internet too much do not have time to not interact with others and neglect
personal relationships. Therefore, it is difficult for them to maintain good relationships in real life.

There are various methods which could be taken to iackle the problems of Internet addiction. The first
way is that parents need to restrict children's Internet access. For example, they should encourage
children to take part in outdoor activities or pursue outside interests instead of using smart phones and
computers. Besides, it is effective to set a timer to limit the use of digital devices. By doing so, children
are able to stay healthier both mentally and physically as well as become less dependenf on the social
media. Another solution to consider is that schools educate children about the negative sides of Internet
addiction and how to use the Internet appropriately. Last but not least, children spend more time
socializing with others face-togfpce. For instance, going out for a coffee or participating in some clubs
with friends allows people to not only enhance social skills but also build stronger relationships.

In summary, although effects that Internet addiction brings to users are harmful, there are effective
measures that parents, school and children could take to deal with it. Children should use the Internet
in a proper way to take advantage of its benetits.
Obesity is a serious global problem in today's society, especially among young people. More than
one-third of adults and 17% of youth in the United States are obese, although the prevalence
remained stable between 2003- 2004 and 2009-2010. Obesity causes a lot of conditions including
heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and certain types ot cancer, some of the leading causes of
preventable death.
In recent years, there has been an increasing number of obesity cases, especially among the young.
Being overweight has become a worrying problem which impacts people's life negatively. This essay
will point out causes leading to obesity among children and recommend some measures to toackle it.

There are several factors resulting in youth obesity. One of the most obvious causes is that children
follow gn unbalanced diet. It is apparent that children tend to absorb food which is rich in fat,
cholesterol and sugar such as fast food and soft drinks. Besides, parents today seem to be so occupied
at work that they cannot cook healthy meals for their children. Therefore, take away food can be a
choice for their children, which is harmful fo children's health. Another cause is that children havea
sedentary lifestyle. More specifically, many children prefer playing video games, walching TV and
surfing the Internet rather than getting involved in physical activity. As a consequence, children have
high risks of being obese.

There are some effective methods which could be taken to address children's obesity. The first and
foremost solution is that parents could encourage their children to have a balanced diet. For example,
they could arrange time to prepare healthy meals for children. Besides, they could encourage children
to cut down on the amount of carbohydrate and fat in their diets and increase the intake of water, fruits
and vegetables. Furthermore, parents could help their children to lead an active lifestyle. For example,
participating in outdoor activities allows children to improve their physical fitness. Last but not least,
the government could contribute by limiting junk food advertising or even putting a ban on unhealthy
items. As a result, children can avoid weight gain by not taking unhealthy food.

In conclusion, there are wo factors contributing to obesity including an unbalanced diet and a sedentary
lifestyle. However, if parents and the government ake these suggested actions, this worrying issue can
be tackled soon.
More and more people today are choosing to travel internationally. Many people believe that the
cost of travelling overseas has become cheaper these days and it has boosted the tourism industry
in many countries. Others say that a rise in middle class income coupled with advances in
aviation result in the rising travelling abroad.

In recent years, the world has witnessed a massive rise in the number of people who travel overseas for
different purposes. This trend is a positive development fo the growth of many fields, especially
tourism industry. My essay will examine factors that lead to the increase in international travel.

The first and foremost cause is that travelling internationally becomes more convenient than ever
before. With the advancement in aviation, airlines offer passengers more international flights. The
growing demand for travel enables the cost of air travelling to come down. Purchasing affordable
airfares encourages more people to enjoy vacations in wel-known destinations overseas. Besides, more
online platforms for trovel research ond bookings make it easy for people to find out information about
journeys and book flights.

The second reason for the trend of worldwide travel is that there is a rise in the number of households
withhigher income. It means that many families can earn more money to afford international travel.
Moreover, the higher quality of life enables people to explore several new ways to spend some time
and money. One of the most interesting ways is to go sightseeing in the most popular tourist attractions
abroad.

The last reason is the growth in alobal trade opportunities. In a globalized world, multinational
corporations open their offices and branches in different countries. As a result, people who work for
these corporations have to get involved in overseas Iravel on a regular basis. Furthermore, some people
set up their own business abroad, which increases worldwide travel.

In summary, it is obvious that there are three factors that contribute to rising international fravel. If the
global economy becomes more developed, travelling abroad will skyrocket.
Involvement of youth in crimes is increasing at an alarming rate. Recent figures show an
increase in violent crime among youngsters under the age of 18. Some psychologists claim that
the basic reason for this is that children these days are not geting the social and emotional
learning they need from parents and teachers.
The society has witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of young criminals. Specifically, it is
shown that violent crime rate among young people is on the rise, which is a worrying issue. Discussed
below are factors leading to violent offences and solutions to this alarming problem.

There are several reasons why youngsters are engaged in violent crime. The first reason is that parents
do not pay enough attention fo children. It is obvious that financial burden in modern life makes
parents too occupied working, so they do not have time to spend with their children. Due to the limited
interaction, parents have fewer opportunities to educate children about moral qualities; for example,
how to behave well in society. The second reason is that young people lack knowledge about social
and emotional values. In tact, teachers concentrate on delivering academic knowledge to students
rather than teaching them about social and emotional qualities to improve in a person. As a result, the
young might commit crimes including violence. The last cause is many youngsters get addicted to
using social media. For example, they access violent videos or play violent games, actions and have
negative behaviors in real-life situations. which leads them to imitate violent

There are various methods which could be taken to adaress this problem. The first way to mention is
that adults pay sufficient attention to children's social and emotional issues. They should spend more
time instructing children on behaviors which are positive for their personal development. Additionally,
they need to warn children about negative consequences of violent crime. Furthermore, children's use
of social media should be under parents' supervision. The last measure is that the government gives
more severe punishments to violene cases. Consequently, there is a declining number of criminals
related to violence, which results in a lower crime rate in society.

To summarize, there are factors contributing to violent crime including adults' insufficient attention to
children, children's lack of social and emotional leaming, and the overuse of social media among
youngsters. Families, schools and the government could take suggested actions to cope with this
problem.
Nowadays many men and women are making the decision to have children later in lite. Some
people want to devote time to career development. Others are afraid of the cost and
responsibility for raising children. However, scientists believe that delaying childbirth especially
after 35 years old can lead to negative effects on women and the society.
In recent years, the number of young couples who dete rmine to give birth af later stages of life has
been on the rise. Delaying childbearing has become a concerning issue which hos negative impocs on
family and sociely. This essay will clarify reasons for this worrying trend and examine some of its
consequences.

There are various factors leading womento have babies late, The first reason is that women desire to
devołe their time to improving career prospecs, Due to the compefitive labor market, some women
might pursue higher education fo gain success at work in the future. Some others want to get job
promotions. In contrast, if getting invoved in childrearing early, working mothers will have difficulty
in managing work and childcare well. What is more, motherhood may not ensure job security for
women. In fact, many women are made redundant after returning from maternity leave. The last caUse
is that childbearing isa challenging task that scares some women. For instance, they have to take full
responsibility for looking after children and face financial burden on children's upbringing. Also,
parenting makes it dificult for them to spend much time caring for themselves and pursuing their
interests.

Delaying childbirth results in various influences on family and society. First and foremost, having
children later in life increases the risk of health problems for women. To illustrate, postponing giving
birth for a long time may make it very difficult for them to get pregnant. Furthermore, they may sufer
from illnesses such as diabetes and high blood pressure during childbearing, which is harmful for both
moms and babies. As a result, they can bea burden on the healthcare system when they get older.

All things considered, there are various reasons why women opt to postpone having children and the
effects of this trend are severe. They should take this matter into account and raise awareness of the
risks of delaying childbearing
It is believed that young people can get a good job after getting a college degree. However, the
fact is that they have many difficulties in finding a suitable job because of lacking the essential
skills including communicative, emotional and social skills.

It is apparent that the mojority of university graduates encounter difficulties in seeking for a suitable
career due to the lack of communicative, social and emotional skills. The objective of this essay is to
propose some methods which benefit youngsters in developing these important skills.

The first way is that the youth take part in various extra-classroom activities, To illustrate, participating
in team sports or becoming a club member gives students chances to communicate with new people.
As a result, they are able to establish Irusting relationships and expand social network. Another
example to mention is the young get involved in charity work. Through supporting people who are
disabled and disadvantaged, they can show empathy and sympathy for those people. Developing
empathy and sharing is beneficial to their emotional development. Volunteering also establishes a close
connection between them and others in communily and boosts their social skills

Another measure is that schools could provide soft skill training courses for students. Taking these
courses, students are able to acquire various soft skills such as teamwork, cooperalion and problem-
solving, which allows them to meet demands of the future work as well as improve their career
prospects. Furthermore, a communication skill course helps students enhance communication skills. As
a consequence, they can learn how to interact with colleagues and clients at the workplace in the best
way, and increase their work efficiency.

In summary, there are several ways young people can consider to boost emotional and social skills. If
above-mentioned suggestions are implemented, they will find it easy to look for a desirable job after
university graduation.
Several studies indicate that brain drain phenomenon has become a common trend in developing
countries. It means that many developing countries continually lose a significant number of high-
level educated workers, especially scientists, engineers, academics, and physicians, who decide to
move and stay abroad in more developed countries in search of higher income and a better
standard of living. It is believed that this phenomenon causes a huge financial loss to the home
countries. Thus, it is important to the home countries to find the solution to overcome this
problem immediately.
In this day and age, there is an increasing number of highly educated and skilled professionals
migrating to more developed countries. This phenomenon is regarded as brain drain which has
negafive impacis on home countries. Discussed below are reasons for this worrying trend and several
recommended measures to tackle it.

There are several factors leading to human capital fliaht. The first and foremost caUse is that
developed nations offer a higher standard of living. To be more specific, these countries provide
sufficient and high-quality facilities, which enables people to lead a more fulflling life. In contrast, in
developing areas, there are inadequate infrastructure and outdated facilities, resulting in low quality of
life. Moreover, people may have to encounter various social problems like water shortage, traffic
congestion, povertly and so on. Another factor leading to brain drain is that people desire to pursue
advanced studies and research in more developed countries. To illustrate, they are able to access
quality education system as well as experience professional learning and research environment. As a
consequence, they obtain higher level of education, which benefits their future life. Last but not least,
highly trained labour have more chances to boost iheir career prospecis. For example, in developed
countries, there are emerous famous corporations which provide people with better employment
opportunities; consequently, they can get a well-paid job and get promotions.

There are several strategies which the governments could take to slow down brain drain. In the first
place, the governments could invest more budget in enhancing Iliving conditions, improving education
system, increasing political stability, elc. More specifically, they promote the availabiliy of more
institutes for research and higher education. Another alternative is that the governments should
encourage enterprises to provide more favorable working conditions and create more job opportunities
for wellqualified workers so that these people can develop their talents in the best way. For instance,
high-level skilled workers should be paid a competilive salary based on their capacity. This allows a
country to keep talented people who contribute to the development of the country.

In summary, there are various causes of the growing rate of brain drain in developing countries. The
governments should implement aforementioned policies to promote brain gain and limit brain drain.
 Discussion
Important research has already been done for decades on the negative effects of gaming,
including addiction, depression and aggression. However, many people believe that playing video
games may boost children's learning. problem-solving skills a'd social skills.
In modern life, video gomes have attracted the interest of many people, especially children. While I
accept that video games have positive impacts on children, I also believe that kids' lives might be
ruined by playing these games.

On the one hand, playing video games offers kids great advantages. The most obvious one is that most
games are created for entertainment purposes. Entering imaginary worlds of some interesting games
gives children the feeling of excitement and promotes relaxation. In the second place, computer games
slimulate children's imagination and creativity. Playing games such as a puzzle requires children fo
have problem-solving skills and logical thinking so as to get the highest point or win the games, which
is advantageous for their study and real life. Last but not least, gaming enables children to enhance
social skills. For example, multiplayer games become virtual social worlds for thousands of players
worldwide; consequently, taking part in these games allows children to have a larger circle of friends
and brodden their social relationships.

On the other hand, there are some neactive consequences of playing computer games. First and
foremost, it leaves harmful effects on children's health. It is easy for children to get addicied to games;
asa result, spending lots of time getting stuck in tront of computer screens may lead them to suler
iromn a iot of physical and mental health problens such as obesity, eye strain, exhaustion and so on.
Moreover, video games make children distracted from their study. As result, they may get bad learning
results. The final negative side is that gaming impacts children's emotional and social behaviors
severely. Many games contain violent actions or aggressive characters, therefore, children possibly
imitate problem behoviors in their daily life.

In summary, it is undeniable that video games have both beneficial and negative sides; however, their
cons far outweigh their pros. Therefore, it is advisable that parents control their children's time of
playing games so that children can focus on their study and real life.
English is not only used asa mere communication tool, but it is also used in business, diplomatic
policies, tourism, in entertainment and educational sectors, and to communicate between two
non-English native nations. Thus, English has become an international language and people
should only learn English instead of their mother tongue. However, many people believe that
English will not replace the native language because it is related to the culture of a country.
English, which is one of the most dominating languages in the world, plays a crucial role in every field
of life. While it is claimed that people should opt to learn English instead of their native language,
some people argue that English will not be a replacement for the mother tongue. My essay will shed
light on both perspectives and give my personal opinion.

On the one hand, English should be learned instead of the native lanquage due to the following
reasons. In the first place, English has gained the status as an international language. Statistics
demonstrate that English is spoken as the first or second language in more than 60 countries by both
native and non-native speakers. With a quarter of the population in the word speaking English,
acquiring English is essential to integrate into the world. In the second place, English is a popular
medium in almost every aspect of life. For instance, it is a usetul communication means among people
of different backgrounds. Moreover, it is ufilized as the main language in industries, technology,
education and so on. As a result, mastering English enables people to access the global world and
promole their future sucCess. Last but not least, it is easier lo study English than other languages.
Speciically, English has a simple letter system and easy-to-understand vocabulary compared to some
other languages sUch as Chinese, Japanese with complex letter writing system.

On the other hand, there are reasons why the mother tongue cannol be replaced by any other languages
including English. First and foremost, the native language allows effective communication among
native speakers. It enables them to interact with native-language community. Additionally, it helps to
avoid misunderstanding which may arise by communicating in English as the second languane. The
second main reason is that the traditional language has a close relation with the culture and history of a
country. As the origin of a native language is associated with culture, the language strengihens cultural
identity of a country. There is a need for people to master their first language so that they can
appreciate their roots and preserve cultural values related to their home country.

In summary, although English achieves a global status, people should never disregard the importance
of their native language. They should master two languages simultaneously to make use of their
benefits.
Some people believe that the subjects that children are taught in schools should be decided by
central authorities because they can guarantee the starndardization of teaching. Others say that
teachers, not politicians, should be responsible for this task as they can choose subjects based on
students' interests and abilities, which can promote learning.
The curriculum is of greot importance to the quality of education. Many people state that governments
should be in charge of deiermining school subjects, others argue that the decision of educational
program should be made by teachers. My essay will shed liqht on both views of this issue and qive my
personal view.

On the one hand, there are some reasons why central authorities should decide subjects taught to
children., First and foremost, they iake responsibiliy for guaranteeing the standardization of national
education system. To be more specific, they makea comparison of varioUs schools educational needs
and make a decision of education standards. It means that they can opt for a curriculum which is
appropriate for students of different levels, aiming to increase level of education of the country. In
addition, they are well aware of society's demands. As politicians have a broad range of knowledge and
experience related to different fields, they are capable of selecting subjects which provide students with
knowledge and skills needed in society. This helps to improve students career prospects and tackle
unemployment among graduates in the future.

On the other hand, teachers should be responsible for designing school curriculum due to some causes.
The first one is that they are more experienced in teaching than politicians. As a result, they are more
concerned about what and how to educate children in the best way. They are also able to adapt
teaching materials and change the syllabus to make it more suitable with their students. Furthermore,
they tend to determine educational materials based on students' interests. Learning subjects attracting
their interest makes them more engaged in learning and promotes their strengths. As a consequence,
they can gain better academic performance,

All things considered, both governments and educators play essential parts in determining national
education program. In my opinion, it is advisable that both parties share a common responsibility for
selecting the most appropriate school curriculum and enhoance the quality of education system.