Speech

and
Theater
Arts
[Add a quote here from one of your company executives or use this
space for a 1:
MODULE brief summary of the document content.]
COMMUNICATION
 HOW THIS MODULE WORKS
Table of Contents

LEARNING PROGRAM Paradigm

This model depicts the entirety of the program. It makes use of various online platforms which
also serve different purposes depending on the needs of the learners, availability of the
technology that they have, and taking into account data plans as well as their literacy on the
media which are stated above.

This module is also aligned with the OBE Syllabus, ensuring that the instructions are mirrored
on practical evidences of learning embodying their introspection.

On each module, the teacher has to check students’ progress personally by asking questions
that go beyond literal and inferential understanding thru Audio/Video calls for assessment.
 OBJECTIVES
Table of Contents

GENERAL
COURSE OBJECTIVES

a. Demonstrate communication management and leadership skills

b. Practice Communication theories, principles, and practices for
effective communication
c. Develop an in-depth understanding of Theorical and Applied
principles of Speech Communication and Theater Arts

MODULE 1: STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES

a. Design a model of the process of communication using the elements discussed.

b. Describe types of communication by giving examples that are related to their personal
experiences.
c. Define terminologies related to communication
d. Create a comic strip about the use of silence in communication.
Pg. 01 Communication

Communication

The ability to effectively communicate at work, home, and in life is probably one of the most
important sets of skills a person needs. What would our life and world be like without
communication? We cannot get along without it. It is also not easy, and we all have probably
had experiences where our communication failed or ran into a barrier. So, if we can
understand the communication process better and improve it, we will become a more effective
and successful communicator.

Communication Process

ELEMENTS

1. Sender – The communicator or sender is the person who is sending the message.
There are two factors that will determine how effective the communicator will be. The
first factor is the communicator’s attitude. It must be positive. The second factor is the
communicator’s selection of meaningful symbols, or selecting the right symbols
depending on your audience and the right environment.
2. Message – A communication in writing, in speech, or by signals
Pg. 02 Communication

3. Receiver – The receiver is simply the person receiving the message, making sense of
it, or understanding and translating it into meaning. Now think about this for a moment:
the receiver is also a communicator. How can that be? (When receiver responds, he is
then the communicator.) Communication is only successful when the reaction of the
receiver is that which the communicator intended. Effective communication takes place
with shared meaning and understanding.
4. Feedback – Feedback is that reaction I just mentioned. It can be a verbal or nonverbal
reaction or response. It can be external feedback (something we see) or internal
feedback (something we can’t see), like self-examination. It’s the feedback that allows
the communicator to adjust his message and be more effective. Without feedback,
there would be no way of knowing if meaning had been shared or if understanding had
taken place.

How do we describe communication process? “The transmission of the sender’s ideas

to the receiver and the receiver’s feedback or reaction to the sender constitute the
communication process”. The main steps of this cycle are as follows:

1. Input : the information or ideas the sender wants to give the receiver.
2. Channel : letter, fax, phone call, electronic mail, etc.
3. Message : the actual message that is sent.
4. Output : the information the receiver gets
5. Feedback : the receiver’s response (or non-response) to the message
6. Brain drain : the possibility of misunderstanding at any step (or Breakdown)

We can illustrate this process with the help of the following illustrations:
Pg. 03 Communication

BARRIERS
At any point in the communication process a barrier can occur. Barriers keep us from
understanding other’s ideas and thoughts. Barriers can appear at any point of the
communication loop.

2 TYPES OF BARRIERS
INTERNAL BARRIERS EXTERNAL BARRIERS
Fatigue, poor listening skills, attitude noise, distractions, e-mail not working, bad
toward the sender or the information, lack phone connections, time of day, sender used
of interest in the message, fear, mistrust, too many technical words for the audience, and
past experiences, negative attitude, environment
problems at home, lack of common
experiences, and emotions.

IN A NUTSHELL
Communication is a two-way process. The information goes out to a person on the other
end. There is a sender and a receiver. Simply put, effective communication is getting your
message across to the receiver. It is the sender’s responsibility to make sure that the
receiver gets the message and that the message received is the one sent.
Pg. 04 CLASSICATION/TYPES of COMMUNICATION

CLASSICATION/TYPES of COMMUNICATION

According to number receiving the message

• Interpersonal Communication
• Intrapersonal Communication
• Group Communication
• Mass Communication

On the Basis of the Medium Employed

• Verbal Communication
• Non-Verbal Communication
• Meta-Communication

On the Basis of Organizational Structure

• Formal Communication
• Informal Communication

On the Basis of Flow or Direction

• Downward Communication
• Upward Communication
• Horizontal Communication
• Diagonal Communication
Pg. 05 CLASSICATION/TYPES of COMMUNICATION

Interpersonal Communication
Communication between two or more people is called interpersonal communication.

Intrapersonal Communication
A process in which people communicate with

themselves either consciously or unconsciously.

Mass Communication
Communication through electronic gadgets (Mass Media
like books, journals, TV, Newspapers etc.)
• Print Journalism
• Radio Journalism
• Anchoring
• Filmmaking
Pg. 06 VERBAL COMMUNICATION

VERBAL COMMUNICATION
ORAL MEDIA
Where spoken words are used. It includes face-to-face

conversations, speech, radio, and telephone.

WRITTEN MEDIA
Where written signs and symbols are used in
communication. A written message may be printed
or hand written.

ORAL COMMUNICATION WRITTEN

• Face to face
• Telephonic conversation
COMMUNICATION
• Lectures • Reports
• Interviews • Circulars
• Meetings • Magazines
• Conferences • Manuals
• Symposiums • Memoranda
• Radio Talks • Newspapers
• TV • Pictures
• Cinema shows • Diagrams
• Announcements • Graphs
• Notice Boards
Pg. 07 NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Sending and Receiving wordless messages, such as gesture, body language, posture, tone
of voice or facial expressions are nonverbal communication.
• Kinesics (Body Language) e
• Haptics (Touch Language)
• Proxemics (Space Language)
• Chronemics (Time Language)
• Silence
• Paralanguage
• Sign

Kinesics
The interpretation of body language such as facial expressions and gestures or, more formally,
nonverbal behavior related to movement, either any part of the body as a whole.

• Facial Expression
• Postures
• Body Movement
• Gestures
• Eye contact
• Haptics
Pg. 08 NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Proxemics
The distance an space as factors in communication. The amount of distance we need and the
amount of space we perceived as belonging to us is influenced by number of factors including
social norms, situational factors, personality etc..
Pg. 09 NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

SIGNS

SILENCE
Silence could mean anything.

• Allowing silence in conversation puts pressure on the other person

• Silence can indicate hostility
• Silence can indicate disagreement.
• Silence can indicate respect.
• Silence could indicate contemplation
• Silence can be the creation of a listening space.
• Silence can be an indication of empathy.
Pg. 10 NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

PARALANGUAGE
Attributes of speaking which include the pitch, tone, the volume, tempo, rhythm. Articulation,
resonance, nasality, and even accent of the speaker is collectively known as
PARALANGUAGE.

Chronemics
It is the study of the use of time in nonverbal communication. The way that one perceives and
values time, structures time and reacts to time frames communication. Across cultures, time
perception plays a large role in the nonverbal communication.
Pg. 11 NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Meta
Communication
It is a secondary communication (Including indirect cues about how a piece of information is
meant to be interpreted.) It is based on the idea that the same message accompanied by
different Meta-Communication can mean something entirely different, including its opposite.
Pg. 12 Organizational Structure

Organizational Structure

Informal Communication
Includes instances of free and unrestrained communication between people who share a
casual rapport with each other.

• Casual conversation
• Personal Conversation
• Friend or Family

Formal Communication
Formal Communication implies the flow of the information along the lines of authority formally
established by the enterprise.

• Conferences
• Meetings
• Policy Manuals
• Corporate Letters
Pg. 13 Organizational Structure

VERTICAL COMMUNICATION
Communication between a superior and subordinate is known to be as vertical communication.

Vertical Communication maybe downward vertical or upward vertical communication.

SUPERIORS SUPERIORS
D
O U
W O
N W
W A
A R
R D
D

SUBORDINATES

SUBORDINATES

Downward Communication
Follows the line from authority from top to the bottom of organization hierarchy.

Upward Communication
Flow of information from the lower levels of organization to the higher levels of authority.

Diagonal Communication
Transfer of information between people who are neither in the same department nor same
level of organization hierarchy is called Diagonal Communication.
Pg. 14 Organizational Structure

Horizontal Communication
The transmission of information and understanding between people at the same level of
organization hierarchy is called Horizontal Communication.

GRAPEVINE COMMUNICATION
Information flows in any order.
Spreads very rapidly in all channels of communications.
It can be harmful as information can be baseless
Pg. 15 TASKS

TASKS
RECALL (a)
Classification/Types of Communication

According to number receiving the message

1.
2.
3.
4.
On the Basis of the Medium Employed

1.
2.
3.

On the Basis of Organizational Structure

1
2.

On the Basis of Flow or Direction

1.
2.
3.
4.
Pg. 16 TASKS

RECALL (b)
Having been acquainted with the elements of communication,
design a model of communication of your own.

Brief explanation

CRITERIA

Creativity 5pts Completeness 10pts

Pg. 17 TASKS

BUZZWORDS
Fill in the words that are missing in each item and define them using your own
understanding of the terminologies.

1. C_r_ne_i_s

2. _ines_c_

3. H_pti_s

4. P_o__mic_

5. _ar_ang_age
Pg. 18 TASKS

REFLECT
Using bubble thoughts, create a comic strip which presents the peculiarity of
SILENCE when used in communication.

CRITERIA

Creativity 5pts Content 10pts

Pg. 19 TASKS

MAKING CONNECTIONS
Using the empty table below, write atleast four types of speech communication and
indicate your personal experiences.

CRITERIA

Relatedness 5pts Content 10pts

Pg. 20 TASKS

punch answer
Answer each question/prove response in each item CONCISELY AND BRIEFLY

1. Without the use of any dictionary, define communication.

2. Can the digital advancement in technology negatively affects communication? Why?

3. Do you consider soliloquy a communication? Why?

4. Between Verbal and Nonverbal Communication, which comprises the lion share of
human communication?

5. For you, what is the main goal of COMMUNICATION?

Pg. 21 READINGS

READINGS
NOTE

Control + Click to follow the link

MODULE 1 COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION PROCESS

1. Communication/Process/Elements
2. Communication Models
3. Noam Chomsky LAD
4. Chomsky’s LAD
5. MAXIMS OF CONVERSATION