Static Members
Example 1: Modify static variable in main method and other methods of the class
class Main
{
// static variables a and b
static int a = 10;
static int b;
static void printStatic()
{
a = a /2;
b = a;
System.out.println("printStatic::Value of a : "+a + " Value of b :
"+b);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
printStatic();
b = a*5;
a++;
System.out.println("main::Value of a : "+a + " Value of b : "+b);
}
}
Example 2: Static variable as counter
class Counter
{
static int count=0;//will get memory only once and retain its value
Counter()
{
count++;//incrementing the value of static variable
System.out.println(count);
}
}
class Main
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println("Values of static counter:");
Counter c1=new Counter();
Counter c2=new Counter();
Counter c3=new Counter();
}
}
Example 3: Static Method
class Main
{
// static method
static void static_method()
{
System.out.println("Static method in Java...called without any
object");
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
static_method();
}
}
Example: Static Method Overloading
public class Main {
public static void static_method() {
System.out.println("static_method called ");
}
public static void static_method(String msg) {
System.out.println("static_method(string) called with " + msg);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
static_method();
static_method("Hello, World!!");
}
}
Example: Overriding not possible with static methods
classBase_Class {
// Static method in base class which will be hidden in
substatic_displayclass
public static void static_display() {
System.out.println("Base_Class::static_display");
}
}
classDerived_Class extends Base_Class {
public static void static_display() {
System.out.println("Derived_Class::static_display");
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String args[ ]) {
Base_Class obj1 = new Base_Class();
Base_Class obj2 = new Derived_Class();
Derived_Class obj3 = new Derived_Class();
obj1.static_display();
obj2.static_display();
obj3.static_display();
}
}
Example: a static block example
class Main
{
static int sum = 0;
static int val1 = 5;
static int val2;
// static block
static {
sum = val1 + val2;
System.out.println("In static block, val1: " + val1 + " val2: "+ val2 + " sum:" +
val2 = val1 * 3;
sum = val1 + val2;
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println("In main function, val1: " + val1 + " val2: "+ val2 + " sum:" +
}
}
Example: Multiple Static Blocks in Java (in sequence execution, valies of first block are overwritten by second block
class JavaExample2{
static int num;
static String mystr;
//First Static block
static{
System.out.println("Static Block 1");
num = 68;
mystr = "Block1";
}
//Second static block
static{
System.out.println("Static Block 2");
num = 98;
mystr = "Block2";
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println("Value of num: "+num);
System.out.println("Value of mystr: "+mystr);
}
}
Example: Static method accessed directly in static and non-static method
class JavaExample{
static int i = 100;
static String s = "Beginnersbook";
//Static method
static void display()
{
System.out.println("i:"+i);
System.out.println("i:"+s);
}
//non-static method
void funcn()
{
//Static method called in non-static method
display();
}
//static method
public static void main(String args[])
{
JavaExample obj = new JavaExample();
//You need to have object to call this non-static method
obj.funcn();
//Static method called in another static method
display();
}
}
class Human{
....
}
class Boy extends Human{
public static void main( String args[]) {
/*This statement simply creates an object of class
*Boy and assigns a reference of Boy to it*/
Boy obj1 = new Boy();
/* Since Boy extends Human class. The object creation
* can be done in this way. Parent class reference
* can have child class reference assigned to it
*/
Human obj2 = new Boy();
}
}
Example: Static Binding
class Human{
public static void walk()
{
System.out.println("Human walks");
}
}
class Boy extends Human{
public static void walk(){
System.out.println("Boy walks");
}
public static void main( String args[]) {
/* Reference is of Human type and object is
* Boy type
*/
Human obj = new Boy();
/* Reference is of HUman type and object is
* of Human type.
*/
Human obj2 = new Human();
obj.walk();
obj2.walk();
}
}
Example: Dynamic binding
class Human{
//Overridden Method
public void walk()
{
System.out.println("Human walks");
}
}
class Demo extends Human{
//Overriding Method
public void walk(){
System.out.println("Boy walks");
}
public static void main( String args[]) {
/* Reference is of Human type and object is
* Boy type
*/
Human obj = new Demo();
/* Reference is of HUman type and object is
* of Human type.
*/
Human obj2 = new Human();
obj.walk();
obj2.walk();
}
}
Example: Memory Efficient Static Variable
class Student{
int rollno;//instance variable
String name;
static String college ="ITS";//static variable
//constructor
Student(int r, String n){
rollno = r;
name = n;
}
//method to display the values
void display (){System.out.println(rollno+" "+name+" "+college);}
}
//Test class to show the values of objects
public class TestStaticVariable1{
public static void main(String args[]){
Student s1 = new Student(111,"Karan");
Student s2 = new Student(222,"Aryan");
//we can change the college of all objects by the single line of code
//Student.college="BBDIT";
s1.display();
s2.display();
}
}
Example: Counter without static variable
//Java Program to demonstrate the use of an instance variable
//which get memory each time when we create an object of the class.
class Counter{
int count=0;//will get memory each time when the instance is created
Counter(){
count++;//incrementing value
System.out.println(count);
}
public static void main(String args[]){
//Creating objects
Counter c1=new Counter();
Counter c2=new Counter();
Counter c3=new Counter();
}
}
Example: a static method that performs a normal calculation
class Calculate{
static int cube(int x){
return x*x*x;
}
public static void main(String args[]){
int result=Calculate.cube(5);
System.out.println(result);
}
}
Example: Static Block Evocation
class A2{
static{System.out.println("static block is invoked");}
public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println("Hello main");
}
}
Example: Static Method Example
class StaticTest {
// non-static method
int multiply(int a, int b){
return a * b;
}
// static method
static int add(int a, int b){
return a + b;
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main( String[] args ) {
// create an instance of the StaticTest class
StaticTest st = new StaticTest();
// call the nonstatic method
System.out.println(" 2 * 2 = " + st.multiply(2,2));
// call the static method
System.out.println(" 2 + 3 = " + StaticTest.add(2,3));
}
}
