Scribd
Upload
6 views2 pages

Extraction Processes

Uploaded by

emirkhan1113
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views2 pages

Extraction Processes

Uploaded by

emirkhan1113
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

EXTRACTION PROCESSES

Extraction processes involve separation of medicinally active plants or animals components


through the use of selective solvents.

Extraction procedure for medicinal plants was properly started after 19th century. These
techniques are highly successful in the phytochemical field leading to the isolation of pure
molecules and standardized extracts for therapeutic purpose. Different types of official procedures
are used to prepare preparations popularly known as ‘galanicals’ e.g., green tea and tentures are
examples of galanical preparations.

Purpose of Extraction: The purpose of extraction procedure is to obtain therapeutically desired


portion and eliminate inactive portion by treatment with selective solvents known as ‘menstruum’.

Maceration: Maceration can be defined as the process in which properly communited drug is
placed or soaked in a solvent for a specific period of time until a cellular structure is softened and
penetrated by solvent and soluble constituents are extracted out e.g., tea bags.

Procedure of Maceration: It occurs in different steps;

i. Plant material is crushed into small pieces and placed in a closed vessel.
ii. Whole of the selective solvent is added into the closed vessel.
iii. Keep it for 7-14 days and shake occasionally.
iv. Liquid is strained off and solid residue is pressed.
v. Macerated product is clarified by filtration and is concentrated.

Purpose of Maceration: It is used to obtain therapeutically active compound and eliminate inactive
portion.

Percolation: Different steps are involved in percolation process.

1. Organized vegetable drug is taken in powder form.


2. Uniform soaking with menstruum for a period of 4 hours in a separate vessel.
3. Pack the soaked drug in a percolator.
4. Sufficient menstruum is poured slowly until saturation.
5. Keep it for 24 hours.
6. After maceration the outlet of the percolator is opened and solvent is percolated at control
rate with continuous addition of fresh volume.
7. 75% off the volume of the finished product is collected and more is processed.
8. Liquid is added to the percolate to make the final volume 80-90%.
9. Evaporate the solvent and concentrate the product.

Purpose: Percolation processes is used for the percolation of tentures and fluid extract.

Liquid-Liquid Extraction: It is also known as solvent extraction. It is the method for the
separation of compound based on their relative solubility in the two differently immiscible
liquids usually water and an organic solvent. Liquid-Liquid extraction consist of transferring
one or more solute content in a feed solution to another immiscible liquid.

Purpose: Solvent extraction is used for the production of organic compound and vegetable oil.

Large/Industrial Scale Extraction: The extraction procedure will be same but it is


carried out on large scale. For large scale extraction certain changes can be made. For small
scale extraction occasional shaking is not a problem but for large scale extraction shaking is
the problem because large vessels are involved so for this purpose we use alternatives like
circulatory extraction procedures e.g., spray over rotating containers.

You might also like