Introduction

Introduction
The history of human evolution rests on the availability and use of energy. From the
transformation from the early use of fire and animal power that improved lives, to the
present world with use of electricity and cleaner sustainable fuels for a multitude of
purposes – energy has been the enabler of development. Energy presents a
fundamental need ranging from, but not limited to, the essential services of cooking,
heating, cooling, lighting, mobility, and operation of appliances, to information and
communications technology, and machines in every sector of every country. The lack
of access to reliable and clean energy supplies is now considered as a major barrier to
improving human well-being around the globe.
In response to increasing concerns about the effect of anthropogenic greenhouse gases

on global climate, international action has agreed to reduce emissions. Renewable
energy is being explored with renewed commitments as an intelligent solution to be
tapped for addressing challenges such as poverty and global warming. If the world is
to develop sustainably, it has been recognised that it is then necessary to secure access
to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy services while reducing
greenhouse gas emissions and the carbon footprint of the energy sector.
For well-balanced analysis of the energy situation of a country, it becomes imperative

to compile the energy statistics for a greater understanding and course-correction to
the pathway to sustainability.
However, not all energy is an object of statistical observation. Energy existing in

nature and not having a direct impact on society is not measured and monitored as
part of energy statistics conventionally. Energy statistics are a specialized field of
statistics whose scope has been evolving over time and broadly covers (i) extraction,
production, transformation, distribution, storage, trade and final consumption of
energy products and (ii) the main characteristics and activities of the energy
industries. Energy statistics are seen as a multipurpose body of data.
Energy resources refer to “all non-renewable energy resources of both inorganic and
organic origins discovered in the earth’s crust in solid, liquid and gaseous form.”
Energy reserves are part of the resources that, based on technical, economic and other
relevant (e.g., environmental) considerations, could be recovered and for which
extraction is justified to some extent.
The term products are understood in the same way as in economic statistics where it
refers to all goods and services that are the result of production.
Energy products are a subset of products. As a general guideline, energy products

refer to products exclusively or mainly used as a source of energy. They include forms
of energy suitable for direct use (e.g., electricity and heat) and energy products that
release energy while undergoing some chemical or other process (including
combustion). By convention, energy products also include peat, biomass and waste
when and only when they are used for energy purposes.
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Since a number of energy products are transformed into other kinds of energy
products prior to their consumption, a distinction is made between primary and
secondary energy products. This distinction is necessary for various analytical
purposes, including for avoiding the double-counting of energy production in cross-
fuel tabulations, such as energy balances. Energy products can be obtained from both
renewable (e.g., solar, biomass, etc.) and non-renewable sources (e.g., coal, crude oil,
etc.).
The description of the boundary of the universe of energy products in energy statistics
is not always straightforward. For example, different forms of corn/corncobs are: (1)
combusted directly to produce heat; (2) used in the production of ethanol as a biofuel,
(3) consumed as food, or (4) thrown away as waste.
Countries, often in the delineation of energy products, follow the International

Recommendations on Energy Statistics or the IRES.
The United Nations Statistical Commission, at its forty second session (22–25 February
2011), adopted IRES as a statistical standard and encouraged its implementation in all
countries. IRES provide a comprehensive methodological framework for the
collection, compilation and dissemination of energy statistics in all countries
irrespective of the level of development of their statistical system. In particular, IRES
provides of a set of internationally agreed recommendations covering all aspects of
the statistical production process, from the institutional and legal framework, basic
concepts, definitions and classifications to data sources, data compilation strategies,
energy balances, data quality issues and statistical dissemination.
As per the IRES 2011, recommended unit of dissemination for main categories of
energy products are:
Source: IRES, 2011, United Nations
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Energy Statistics India - 2024
Energy Flows
In the context of basic energy statistics and energy balances, the term “energy flow”
refers to the production, import, export, bunkering, stock changes, transformation,
energy use by energy industries, losses during the transformation, and final
consumption of energy products within the territory of reference for which these
statistics are compiled. This territory generally corresponds to the national territory;
however, it can also refer to an administrative region at the sub-national level or even
to a group of countries. The term “rest of the world” is used here to denote all
areas/territories outside the reference territory. The broad sectoral diagram
representation of Energy Flow in an economy is presented below.
Source: IRES, 2011, United Nations
The present publication, Energy Statistics India 2024, is fully compliant with the IRES
2011 and follows the practices prescribed therein.
The publication in its various chapters presents the concepts of production,

consumption, trade, energy balance etc. The data is collected from various line
Ministries/Departments of Government of India including Ministry of Coal, Ministry
of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Ministry of Power, Ministry of New and Renewable
Energy etc. Chapter 1 presents the reserves and potential for generation in the country,
Chapter 2 focuses on Installed Capacity and capacity utilization, Chapter 3 gives the
production statistics of various energy resources and products, Chapter 4 adds up the
statistics on imports-exports and prices in the scenario, the final availability of energy
in the country is then given in Chapter 5, and Chapter 6 highlights the consumption
of energy sector/industry wise. The overall energy balance combining information of
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all the previous chapters are presented in Chapter 7 of the publication while chapter
8 looks at sustainability in energy.
This publication, the 31st in the series, is an updated and integrated repository of
statistics on energy resources and highlights the India’s commitment and the progress
made so far in the area of reliable, sustainable and efficient energy systems in the
country.
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Introduction

In response to increasing concerns about the effect of anthropogenic greenhouse gases

For well-balanced analysis of the energy situation of a country, it becomes imperative

However, not all energy is an object of statistical observation. Energy existing in

Energy products are a subset of products. As a general guideline, energy products

Countries, often in the delineation of energy products, follow the International

Source: IRES, 2011, United Nations

Source: IRES, 2011, United Nations

The publication in its various chapters presents the concepts of production,

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