LESSON 1
Functions: Representation and Evaluation
MATH 001: General Mathematics
First Semester, AY 2024-2025
Learning Outcomes
Represents real-life situations using 1
functions, including piece-wise
functions
Evaluates a function 2
Relations and
Functions
What comes in
your mind when
you hear the word
RELATION?
RELATION
Consider the following set of ordered pairs:
𝐴 = { 2,3 , −1,5 , 4, −2 , 9, −9 , 0, −6 }
How will you describe the given?
Relation is a set of ordered pairs (x,y)
RELATION
Consider the following set of ordered pairs:
A = { 2,3 , −1,5 , 4, −2 , 9, −9 , 0, −6 }
{−1, 0, 2, 4, 9} {−9, −6, −2, 3, 5)}
Where these sets of numbers came from?
RELATION
Consider the following set of ordered pairs:
A = { 2,3 , −1,5 , 4, −2 , 9, −9 , 0, −6 }
{−1, 0, 2, 4, 9} {−9, −6, −2, 3, 5)}
DOMAIN is the set RANGE is the set of all
of all first (x) second (y) coordinates
coordinates of the of the relation.
relation.
Note: Domain or Range should be written in ascending order.
RELATION
NO REPEATED
A = {(3, 2), (-4,5), (-1, 0), (2, 9)} ELEMENTS
WITH REPEATED
B = {(2, 1), (-1,4), (2, -1), (5, -7)} ELEMENTS
What have you noticed about the domain
of set A and set B?
RELATION
FUNCTION NOT FUNCTION
A Function is a relation in NOT a Function if any value
which EACH value in the in the domain is related to
domain is related to ONLY MORE THAN ONE value in
ONE value in the range. the range.
RELATION
FUNCTION NOT FUNCTION
{(3, 2), (-4,5), (-1, 0), (2, 9)} {(2, 1), (-1,4), (2, -1), (5, -7)}
Representing
Functions
REPRESENTING FUNCTIONS
There are many ways of representing functions. The
most common ones are:
Ø Set of ordered pairs
Ø Table of values
Ø Mapping diagram
Ø Using graph
Ø Using an equation
SET OF ORDERED PAIRS
A set of ordered pair is enclosed in a bracket {}
and is composed of domain (𝑥-values or 1st
element) and range (𝑦-values or 2nd element)
𝐴 = { 2,3 , −1,5 , 4, −2 , 9, −9 , 0, −6 }
SET OF ORDERED PAIRS
𝐹= 1,1 , 3,5 , 4,6 , 8,9
FUNCTION
Each value of 𝑥 is unique.
SET OF ORDERED PAIRS
𝐺= 1, 𝐴 , 2, 𝐵 , 3, 𝐶 , 4, 𝐷 , 5, 𝐸
FUNCTION
Each value of 𝑥 is unique.
SET OF ORDERED PAIRS
𝐻= 3,1 , 9,2 , 3,7 , 8,5
NOT A FUNCTION
The value 3 corresponds to two values: 1 and 7.
SET OF ORDERED PAIRS
𝐼= 3,1 , 4,5 , 8,1 , 9,2
FUNCTION
Each value of 𝑥 is unique.
TABLE OF VALUES
A table of values show the correspondence
of two sets of values in tabular form.
𝒙 𝒚
Monday Blue 𝒙 𝑄 𝑆 𝑈 𝑊 𝑌
Tuesday Brown 𝒚 2 1 3 −2 0
Wednesday Green
TABLE OF VALUES
𝒙 0 1 4 9 16
𝒚 −5 −4 −1 4 11
FUNCTION
Each value of 𝑥 is unique.
TABLE OF VALUES
Item Water Coffee Soda Juice Tea
Price 25 30 35 25 35
FUNCTION
Each value of 𝑥 is unique.
TABLE OF VALUES
𝒙 5 9 5 8 6
𝒚 3 2 9 5 1
NOT A FUNCTION
The value 5 corresponds to two values: 3 and 9.
MAPPING DIAGRAM
A mapping diagram is used to visually connect
elements from one set to elements from another
set.
𝑥 𝑦
1 2
5 3
8 0
MAPPING DIAGRAM
STUDENTS ID NUMBER
MARY 𝟎𝟎𝟏
JOHN 025
KIM 012
FUNCTION
One element in 𝑥 corresponds to exactly one element in 𝑦.
This is called a one−to−one correspondence.
MAPPING DIAGRAM
TEACHER STUDENT
MARK
MR. LIM MARIO
SONIA
NOT A FUNCTION
One element in 𝑥 corresponds to more than one element
in 𝑦. This is called a one−to−many correspondence.
MAPPING DIAGRAM
STUDENT SCORE
MARK
10
MARIO
SONIA 7
FUNCTION
More than one element in 𝑥 corresponds to exactly one
value in 𝑦. This is called a many−to−one correspondence.
MAPPING DIAGRAM
Each element of domain should
always have a corresponding unique
element of range. If each element of
domain does not have corresponding
unique element of range, then it is
NOT a FUNCTION.
NOTE:
GRAPH
To determine if a graph represents a
function, the vertical line test can be used.
A graph represents a function if and only if
each vertical line intersects the graph at
most once.
GRAPH
FUNCTION
The graph
intersects
the vertical
line exactly
once.
GRAPH
NOT A
FUNCTION
The graph
intersects
the vertical
line more
than once.
FUNCTIONS IN REAL LIFE
A jeepney and its plate number
FUNCTION
Each jeepney can only be assigned to
one plate number.
USING EQUATION
The equation cannot be a function if:
Ø The 𝑦 is in the absolute value symbol
Ø There is no 𝑦 in the equation
Ø The exponent of 𝑦 is an even number
Ø The relationship does not use the equal sign
USING EQUATION
𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏
FUNCTION
USING EQUATION
𝟐 𝟐
𝒚 =𝒙 −𝟑
NOT A FUNCTION
USING EQUATION
𝟐
𝒙 +𝟑
NOT A FUNCTION
USING EQUATION
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏
𝒚=
𝒙+𝟐
FUNCTION
USING EQUATION
𝟐
𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟑
FUNCTION
USING EQUATION
"𝟐
𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙 −𝟑
FUNCTION
USING EQUATION
𝒚≤𝒙−𝟑
NOT A FUNCTION
All functions are
relations but not
all relations are
functions.
Evaluating
Functions
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
Evaluating function is the process of determining the
value of the function at the number assigned to a given
variable.
It is possible to identify specific ordered pairs by
substituting certain values as the input and getting a
different value as the output.
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
4 𝒇 𝒙 =𝒙−𝟑
(input) 𝑓 4 =4−3
𝑓 4 =1 𝟏
(output)
A “function machine” processing raw material to new product
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
To evaluate the value of the function 𝑓(𝑥) for any
value 𝑥, simply replace the substitute the value of 𝑥
in the function, then simplify to get the final result.
𝟏. 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐, 𝑥=0
𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 − 2 Given value of 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 0 = 3(𝟎) − 2 Substitute 𝑥 with 0
=𝟎−2 Multiplication
𝒇 𝟎 = −𝟐 Subtraction
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
𝟐. 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐, 𝑥 = −2
𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 − 2 Given value of 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 −2 = 3(−𝟐) − 2 Substitute 𝑥 with − 2
= −𝟔 − 2 Multiplication
𝒇 −𝟐 = −𝟖 Subtraction
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
𝟑. 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐, 𝑓(10)
𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 − 2 Given value of 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 10 = 3(𝟏𝟎) − 2 Substitute 𝑥 with 10
= 𝟑𝟎 − 2 Multiplication
𝒇 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟐𝟖 Subtraction
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
𝟐
𝟒. 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏, 𝑥=2
𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥 ! − 4𝑥 + 1 Given value of 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑔 2 = 2(𝟐)! −4(𝟐) + 1 Substitute 𝑥 with 2
= 2(𝟒) − 4(2) + 1 Exponents
=𝟖−𝟖+1 Multiplication
𝒈 𝟐 =𝟏 Subtraction and Add
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
𝟐
𝟓. 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏, 𝑥 = −1
𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥 ! − 4𝑥 + 1 Given value of 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑔 −1 = 2(−𝟏)! −4(−𝟏) + 1 Substitute 𝑥 with − 1
= 2(𝟏) − 4(−1) + 1 Exponents
=𝟐+𝟒+1 Multiplication
𝒈 −𝟏 = 𝟕 Addition
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
𝟐
𝟔. 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏, 𝑔(−3)
𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥 ! − 4𝑥 + 1 Given value of 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑔 −3 = 2(−𝟑)! −4(−𝟑) + 1 Substitute 𝑥 with − 3
= 2(𝟗) − 4(−3) + 1 Exponents
= 𝟏𝟖 + 𝟏𝟐 + 1 Multiplication
𝒈 −𝟑 = 𝟑𝟏 Addition
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
𝟐
𝟕. 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏, 𝑔(0)
𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥 ! − 4𝑥 + 1 Given value of 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑔 0 = 2(𝟎)! −4(𝟎) + 1 Substitute 𝑥 with 0
= 2(𝟎) − 4(0) + 1 Exponents
=𝟎−𝟎+1 Multiplication
𝒈 𝟎 =𝟏 Subtraction&Addition
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
𝑥−2
𝟖. 𝒉 𝒙 = ℎ(−3)
4−𝑥
𝑥−2
ℎ 𝑥 = Given value of ℎ(𝑥)
4−𝑥
(−𝟑) − 2 Substitute 𝑥 with − 3
ℎ(−3) =
4 − (−𝟑)
−𝟓 Subtraction
=
𝟕
𝟓 Rewriting the expression
𝒉(−𝟑) = −
𝟕
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
𝟗. 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐, 𝑓(3𝑥)
𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 − 2 Given value of 𝑓(3𝑥)
𝑓 3𝑥 = 3(𝟑𝒙) − 2 Substitute 𝑥 with 3𝑥
= 9𝑥 − 2 Multiplication
𝒇 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟗𝒙 − 𝟐
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
𝟏𝟎. 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐, 𝑓(3𝑥 − 1)
𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 − 2 Given value of 𝑓(3𝑥 − 1)
𝑓 3𝑥 − 1 = 3(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏) − 2 Substitute 𝑥 with 3𝑥 − 1
= 9𝑥 − 3 − 2 Multiplication
𝒇 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟗𝒙 − 𝟓
Piecewise
Functions
