IT SKILLS, 20CS01P Subhash J R, SGL/CS RJS Polytechnic-372

IT SKILLS LAB MANUAL – 20CS01P

(Common to All Engineering Branches)

Prepared by
Mr. SUBHASH J R
Senior Grade Lecturer

Computer Science & Engg.

RJS Polytechnic, Bangalore-34.

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IT SKILLS, 20CS01P Subhash J R, SGL/CS RJS Polytechnic-372

Exercise 1
Write an algorithm for programmable problems Example for Reference:
• Add/subtract two numbers
• Find the largest/smallest of 3 numbers
• Calculate and print sum of 'N' numbers

Algorithm:
An algorithm is a set of computation steps performed to obtain the solution for a given problem.
OR
A procedure for solving a mathematical problem (as of finding the greatest common divisor) in a
finite number of steps that frequently involves repetition of an operation.
OR
A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing some end.

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Exercise 2
Design a flowchart for programmable problems Example for Reference:
 Add/subtract two numbers
 Find the largest/smallest of 3 numbers
 Calculate and print sum of 'N' numbers

Flowchart:
A flowchart is a graphical representation of steps. It was originated from computer
science as a tool for representing algorithms and programming logic but had extended to use in all
other kinds of processes.

Benefits:
1. It helps to clarify complex processes.
2. It helps team members gain a shared understanding of the process and use this knowledge
to collect data, identify problems, focus discussions, and identify resources.
3. It serves as a basis for designing new processes.

Flowchart Symbols

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a) ADD / SUBTRACT TWO NUMBERS

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b) FIND THE LARGEST/SMALLEST OF 3 NUMBERS

c) FLOWCHART TO FIND SUM OF FIRST N NUMBERS

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Exercise 3
Design and create simple game using MIT-scratch / Code.org

Fig: User Interface Layout

Menu Bar: It gives easy access to commands that you will use while creating your projects.
Stage Size: It allows you to toggle between three stage sizes: Small stage layout, Regular, and Full
screen.
The Stage: It is the background of your project. It can have scripts, backdrops and sounds like a
sprite, but with a few restrictions.
Sprite: A Sprite is an object in your project controlled by your scripts.
Sprite Info Pane: It is where you will find a thumb nail for each sprite in your project.
Choose a Backdrop: It is marked with a symbol of a background image, and its located to the
right of the choose sprite button.
Code Area: It is where you will build your scripts.

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Below show the categories of programming blocks

1. Motion
2. Looks
3. Sound
4. Events
5. Control
6. Sensing
7. Operators
8. Variables
9. My Blocks

Step 1: Go to https://Scratch.mit.edu website and click on create

Step 2: Using the Programming Blocks create a story like a project and present it as

per your requirement.

Step 3: Code for this project is as follows

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Exercise 4
Design and create simple android application (MIT App Inventor)
The Designer view gives you a visual representation of the application you are building.

Whereas block view shows the visual scripts just like in MIT Scratch

Fig: The Designer view of the AI2 platform

The Blocks view provides a space for building the application logic using various logiccomponents called Blocks.

Fig: The Blocks view of the AI2 platform

To start developing our app we need to open App Inventor and create a new project.

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1. Go to the App Inventor website:

http://appinventor.mit.edu/explore/
2. Now login with your Gmail account in another tab (new tab)
3. Click on Create Apps in the top right corner of the page:

4. Start a new project

5. Name the project as shown below
Type as “TalkToMe”, Remember no spaces. But underscores are OK.

6. Drag and drop the Text Box from the user interface (left side of the panel) on the canvas.

7. Drag and drop Button from the user interface and rename it as “speak”

8. Drag and drop Text To Speech from the Layout.

9. Drag and drop AccelerometerSensor from the Sensors.
Check once the below components are there in your project.
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10. That’s it, Now go to Blocks Editor (Which is in top right side of the window)

11. Design the code as shown in below.

12. Now test your project from your android phone

13. Install MIT AI2 Companion from Google Play store.
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14. Now click on Connect from menu and click the AI Companion

15. It will generate a QR Code and a unique code as shown in below.

16. Open MIT AI2 Companion app in your phone and scan the QR Code or enter the 6-digit
code to test the project.

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OUTPUT
Output is observed in the android mobile screen with the help of interfacing app
(MITAI2 Companion) installed in your mobile

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Example 2: digital doodle

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Exercise 5
Design and create webpage for displaying your poem (Title, header, paragraph,
formatting tags)
<html>
<head><title>my first webpage</title></head>
<body bgcolor=cyan>
<center>
<h1><b><u> POEM </b></u></h1> <br>
<h2> <u><i> WE NEED A TEACHER </u></i> </h2> <br>
<h3><p> <i>KRISHNA NEE BEGANE BAARO</i> <br>
<i>KRISHNA NEE BEGANE BAARO</i> <br>
<p>Darkness comin' 'round<br>
And everybody fighting with their brothers<br>
Everybody wants control<br>
Don't hesitate to kill one another<br>
So come back as Jesus<br>
Come back and save the world<br>
Bless all the future<br>
Of every boy and girl<br>
Come back as Rama<br>
Forgive us for what we've done<br>
Come back as Allah<br>
Come back as anyone<br>

<p><i>KRISHNA NEE BEGANE BAARO</i> <br>

<i>KRISHNA NEE BEGANE BAARO</i> <br>
<p>Religion is the reason<br>
The world is breaking up into pieces<br>
Colour of the people<br>
Keeps us locked in hate, please release us (Hmm)<br>
So come down and help us<br>
Save all the little ones<br>
They need a teacher<br>
And you are the only one<br>
We can rely on<br>
To build a better world<br>
A world that's for children<br>
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A world that's for everyone<br>
<p><i>KRISHNA NEE BEGANE BAARO</i> <br>
<i>KRISHNA NEE BEGANE BAARO</i> <br>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT

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IT SKILLS, 20CS01P Subhash J R, SGL/CS RJS Polytechnic-372

Exercise 6
Design and create webpage for your wish list (What you want to do). Also list
challenges and opportunities along with images to present your dreams
(List ordered and unordered, Image, table - use these tags)
<html>
<head>
<title> wish list </title>
</head>
<body bgcolor= lightgreen>
<center>
<strong>MY WISH LIST</strong> <br>
</center>
<p>First i will go with my Dreams<br>
<ol>
<li>Always i wanted to be a good child to my parents as well as to my society
<li>i know i cant satisfy everyone but within my limits i can achieve all my goals.
<li>firstly i should get a good job, so i dreampt to get distinction in my studies and i am trying it everyday honestly.
<li>i wanted to keep my parents always happy in their rest of life.
<br><img src="D:\dreams.jpeg" width=600 height=150>
<br>
<strong>CHALLENGES:</strong>
<ul>
<li>I know life is full of challenges
<li>challenges are like keys to open the door of success in our lives, everyday is a challenge
<li>always i will be ready to accept challenge and i dont turn back until i finish/succeed in my dreams.
<li>so my suggestion to you all: Do not give up, the beginning is always the hardest :)
<br> <img src="D:\challenge.jpeg" width=600 height=100>
<p>
<strong> OPPORTUNITIES:</strong>
<br>A time or set of circumstances that makes it possible to do something.
As i have got opportunities everyday every minute <br>to achieve my dreams, some of them i have mentioned in
the below table
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<table border=3>
<tr>
<td> </td><td>Dream</td><td>oppurtunity</td><td>challenge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td><td>happy schoolings</td><td>i joined to a very good school</td><td>but it was a challenge to me
their to stay happy</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td><td>dreamt to join a good college and <br> with very good marks</td><td>i studied hard and found
success <br> to achieve my dream</td><td>i accepted this challenge i made good friends and <br> i studied hard
to get good marks</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br> <img src="D:\opportunity.jpeg" width=600 height=200>
</body>
</html>

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OUTPUT

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Exercise 7
Design and create webpage using HTML and CSS about an awesome animal
(Use necessary CSS tags)

<html>
<head>
<title> About an Awesome Animal you like </title>
<style>
div img
{
margin:10px;
padding:10px;

border:10px
solid red;
height:250px;
width:250px;
float:left;
}
</style>
</head>
<body bgcolor="pink">
<h1> <font color="Blue">Awesome Animal </font></h1>
<h2><font color="Green">Horse</font></h2>
<div class="img">
<iframe width="790" height="444"
src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Hxm56tAENx0"
title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay;
clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture"
allowfullscreen></iframe>

</div>
</body>
</html>

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OUTPUT

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Exercise 8
Design and create web page for a travel book / reciepe book with more than
3pages, table to list places/recipes (iframe, hyperlink)

Here we implemented 4 web pages for Travel book, so we should create 4 web pages namely
1. travelbook.html (Homepage)
2. ladakh.html (Location1 –Ladakh Range)
3. goa.html (Location2 -Goa)
4. ckm.html (Location3 - Chikkamagalur)

<iframe> tag specifies an inline frame. An inline frame is used to embed another document
within the current HTML document.

<hyperlink> The HTML <a> tag defines a hyperlink. You can click on a link and jump to
another document.

Travelbook.html (Homepage)

<html>
<body bgcolor=grey>
<h1>MY TRAVEL BOOK</h1><br>
<u><h3>LIST OF PLACES I VISITED</h3><br></u>
<font size=20>
<table border="1px" class="center">
<tr>
<th>Serial Number</th>
<th>places I visited</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1.</td>
<td><a href="ladakh.html">LADAKH</a></td>
</tr>

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<tr>
<td>2.</td>
<td><a href="goa.html">GOA</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3.</td><td>
<a href="ckm.html">CHIKKAMAGALURU</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<img src="D:\ex8image1.jfif">
<img src="D:\ex8image2.jfif">
<img src="D:\ex8image3.jfif">
<img src="D:\ex8image4.jfif">
</body>
</html>

OUTPUT

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Ladakh.html (Location1 –Ladakh Range)
<html>
<head>
<title> ladakh</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=orange>
<p align="center">
<font size="20"><u>Best Places To Visit Leh Ladakh </u> </font></p>
<h2><u>1.Pangong Tso Lake </h2></u>
<img src="https://images.outlookindia.com/public/uploads/articles/2019/9/12/13_571_855.jpg">
<br>
Pangong Tso lake found fame thanks to Aamir Khan's 3 Idiots so without a doubt, this place
deserves to be <br> on your itinerary of places to visit in Ladakh. Pack a sweet picnic basket
and head with your folks to the lake <br>and maybe even camp next to it as you enjoy every
moment of peace and tranquillity.</p>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT

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Goa.html (Location 2- Goa)

<html>
<head>
<title>GOA</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=brown>
<p align="center">

<font size="20"><u>Best Places To Visit Goa </u> </font></p>

<h2><u>1.Calangute Beach </h2></u>
<img align="center" src="https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT2Kk3ysGJqibCSnduSeY7S3b7RMiE8xF6QAQ&usqp=CAU "
style="float:center;" ><br>
Known as the “Queen of Beaches” in Goa, Calangute Beach caters to all types of travellers, from nature lovers to
adventure junkies to party freaks. Acting as a haven for nature lovers, in particular, this beach is the biggest and the
most popular one in North Goa, boasting of scintillating charm as well as beauty.</p>
</body>
</html>

OUTPUT

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ckm.html (Location 3- chikkamagalur)
<html>
<head>
<title>CHIKKAMAGALURU</title>
</head>
<body>
<p align="center">
<font size="20"><u>Best Places To Visit in Chikkamagaluru </u> </font></p>
<iframe width="1280" height="720" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/tGJmv06my1w" frameborder="0"
allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture"
allowfullscreen></iframe><br>
Kudremukha is a mountain range and name of a peak located in Chikkamagaluru district, in Karnataka, India. It is
also the name of a small hill station cum mining town situated near the mountain,
about 20 kilometres from Kalasa. ... Kuduremukha is Karnataka's 2nd highest peak after Mullayanagiri.</p>
</body>

</html>

OUTPUT

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Exercise 9
Design and create web page with JavaScript to design a simple calculator to
perform the following operations: sum, product, difference and quotient
<html>
<head>
<title> MY BASIC CALCULATOR </title>
<script>
function dis(val)
{
document.getElementById("result").value+=val
}

function solve()
{
let x= document.getElementById("result").value
let y= eval(x)
document.getElementById("result").value=y
}
function clr()
{
document.getElementById("result").value=" "
}
</script>
</head>
<body>

<div class="title"> MY BASIC CALCULATOR </div>

<table border="3">

<tr>
<td colspan="3"><input type="text" id="result" /></td>
<td><input type="button" value="c" onclick="clr()"/> </td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><input type="button" value="1" onclick="dis('1')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="2" onclick="dis('2')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="3" onclick="dis('3')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="/" onclick="dis('/')"/></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><input type="button" value="4" onclick="dis('4')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="5" onclick="dis('5')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="6" onclick="dis('6')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="+" onclick="dis('+')"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="button" value="7" onclick="dis('7')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="8" onclick="dis('8')"/></td>
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<td><input type="button" value="9" onclick="dis('9')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="-" onclick="dis('-')"/></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><input type="button" value="0" onclick="dis('0')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="." onclick="dis('.')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="*" onclick="dis('*')"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="=" onclick="solve()"/></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT

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Exercise 10
Design and create a personal webpage with dashboard
<html>
<head>
<title>MY DASHBOARD</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="yellow">
<div align="center">
<font size=20> RJS Polytechnic</font><br>
<img src="D:\logo2.jfif"><br>
#1, Mahayogi vemana Road, Koramangala 3rd Block, <br>Beside BDA Complex, Bengaluru-
560034.
</center>
<br><p>
<div align="left">

<font size=5>
Infra Structure
</font>
&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&n
bsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbs
p&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&
nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nb
sp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp

<font size=5>
Courses
</font>
&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&n
bsp&nbsp

<font size=5>
Achievements
</font>
&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&n
bsp&nbsp

<font size=5>
Placements
</font>
&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&nbsp&n
bsp&nbsp

<font size=5>
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Admissions
</font>

<br>
<img src="D:\front.jfif">
<img src="D:\courses.png" width=200 height=170>
<img src="D:\achieve.png" width=200 height=170>
<img src="D:\place.png" width=200 height=170>

<a href="D:\appli.html">Click here to download online application form</a>

<br>
<u>Principals Message</u><p>
RJS Polytechnic affiliated to DTE, Govt. of Karnataka and approved by AICTE,
New Delhi, established in the year 1985 with the prime motto to serve the
best quality based technical education to each and every segment of society
and the campus is located in the heart of Bangalore city. RJS Polytechnic
has 6 Diploma courses of 60 intake each..
Our institution has always stood for discipline and moulding of character
of its students. Our college prides itself in imparting the best quality
education by providing a strong foundation for the holistic education.
RJS Polytechnic aims at continuous growth in the quality of all academic
activities with a sense of commitment to meet the expectations of the
students, parents and society at large..
Teaching is a noble work, RJS polytechnic teaching and non teaching staff
were well qualified and experienced, dedicated, committed and determined
to prune the students as excellent technicians & entrepreneurs and
competitive according to the global industry.
Our vision is to become top college continuously in Karnataka and National
level, to excel in the outcome based education as center of excellent
to produce good diploma engineers. RJS polytechnic is a sister’s concern
college of Karnataka Reddy Jana Sangha group of Institutions, providing
services to the society in the sector of education.
Welcome to RJS polytechnic to be a part of noble work providing quality
of education.. RJS Polytechnic is a temple of knowledge, come & join and be
blessed.
</div>
</body>
</html>

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OUTPUT

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Exercise 11
Design and create web page about advantages of business process automation
with respect to your branch of engineering
<html>
<head>
<title>BUSINESS PROCESS AUTOMATION</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor=gold>
<p align="center">
<font size=20><u>BUSINESS PROCESS AUTOMATION in the field of Mechanical
Engineering.</h1></u></font></p>
<font face="calibri">
<u><h1>Why Automation is Important? </h1></u> <br>

Process automation industry mainly consists of equipment process control through software engineering .
<p>
Although, the process automation industry nowadays has become a platform for software engineer the core
behind the industry
or we can say a heart of the industry beats with the mechanical engineering or the mechanical engineer. Process
automation,
with the help of sensors at thousands of spots around the plant that collect data on temperatures, pressures, flows
and so on.
The information is stored and analyzed by mechanical engineer so as to get proper, efficient output to control the
process as
well as production. Putting your mechanical theory across the manufacturing line to make an efficient process
line.
Software engineer and electronics/electrical engineers are just like a cap for this industry, but the head and hairs
are of
mechanical engineer only. Starting from process knowledge, it's design, R&D, control-analysis, manufacturing,
maintenance,
output, everything is under a mechanical engineer.

<p>
This industry is a couple of steps behind the automotive industry as far as technology and my knowledge is
concern, but the software managed control is putting cherry on icecream of process automation industry.
<p>
Robotic Process Automation in mechanical engineering
Robotic Process Automation is one of the most advanced technologies in the area of computers science,
electronic and communications, mechanical engineering and information technology. It is a combination of both
hardware and software, networking and automation for doing things very simple.

<img src="D:\ITSK\bpa2.jpeg" width=1200 height=300>

<br>
<img src="D:\ITSK\bpa1.jfif">&nbsp&nbsp<img src="D:\ITSK\bpa4.jfif">&nbsp<img
src="D:\ITSK\bpa5.jfif">
</body>
</html>

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OUTPUT

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Exercise 12
Create a workflow for education loan approval in bank / diploma admissionprocess
(Use any tool)

Visit the below URL to create a sequence diagram for creating Diploma Admission
Process:
https://sequencediagram.org/

Sequence of steps

title DIPLOMA ADMISSION PROCESS

participant STUDENT
participant COLLEGE
participant DTE BOARD
STUDENT->COLLEGE: Applies for admission
STUDENT<<--COLLEGE: Check SSLC/PUC marks [Just pass or fail \n andProvide
application]
STUDENT->COLLEGE: Fills in the details given in the application form \n and
submits with the documents.
STUDENT<<--COLLEGE: Verifies the submitted documents
note over COLLEGE,DTE BOARD:**DTE provides a circular for documentsverification**
COLLEGE->DTE BOARD: Submits the Students documents to the DTE Board COLLEGE <<-
- DTE BOARD: Verifies and acknowledges the student admissionSTUDENT <<- COLLEGE:
Provides admission to the student

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OUTPUT

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Exercise 13
Demonstrate ERP with ERPNext Demo for manufacturing, retail and service
sector (Use any other ERP tools)
Click the below web portal and register your free account to maintain a Financial accounts

WEB PROTAL - https://www.bitrix24.com/

TUTORIAL VIDEO - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQRuS6FmU68

DEMO VIDEOS - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJ0c5jQ64mk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDa4279pj70

To experience this ERP, install Bitrix24 App in your mobile phone

From this app the manager of company can register every details of his/her company with
proper details and can add the employees working in the organization with appropriate details of
employees,
Assign jobs/tasks to employees and can schedule the task and get it done within the schedule without
any dues,
Employees can get appreciation and any other messages from the team or manager in this app which is
visible to other employees.
We can conclude that one can manage a company and employees virtually with this app.

OUTPUT

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Exercise 14
Create user account and demonstrate use of Google drive, Google docs, GoogleCo-lab
(Usage of Jupyter Notebook)

CREATING USER ACCOUNT IN GOOGLE

To access Google Drive, Google Docs and Google co-lab we must create a Google
account.

Fill the details to create a Google account.

GOOGLE DRIVE

Easy and secure access to all of your content

Store, share, and collaborate on files and folders from any mobile device, tablet, or
computer

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GOOGLE DOCS
Google Docs is used to create and edit documents right in your browser and no dedicated or
specific software is required. Multiple people can work at the same time and every change is
saved automatically.

FEATURES OF GOOGLE DOCS

Commenting, chat and real-time editing
Work in a single document with teammates or people outside your company. See edits as
others type, communicate through built-in chat and ask questions through including
comments. Create word files excel sheets and powerpoint presentations without needof ms
office software installed in your device

GOOGLE COLABS

What Colab Offers You?

As a programmer, you can perform the following using Google Colab.
 Write and execute code in Python
 Document your code that supports mathematical equations
 Create/Upload/Share notebooks
 Import/Save notebooks from/to Google Drive
 Import/Publish notebooks from GitHub
 Import external datasets e.g. from Kaggle
 Integrate PyTorch, TensorFlow, Keras, OpenCV
 Free Cloud service with free GPU

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Google Colab - Your First Colab Notebook

In this chapter, you will create and execute your first trivial notebook. Follow the steps that
have been given wherever needed.
Note − As Colab implicitly uses Google Drive for storing your notebooks, ensure that you
are logged in to your Google Drive account before proceeding further.
Step 1 − Open the following URL in your browser
− https://colab.research.google.com Your browser would display the following screen (assuming that
you are logged into your Google Drive) −

Step 2 − Click on the NEW PYTHON 3 NOTEBOOK link at the bottom of the screen. Anew
notebook would open up as shown in the screen below.

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As you might have noticed, the notebook interface is quite similar to the one provided in
Jupyter. There is a code window in which you would enter your Python code.

Setting Notebook Name

By default, the notebook uses the naming convention UntitledXX.ipynb. To rename the
notebook, click on this name and type in the desired name in the edit box as shown here −

We will call this notebook as MyFirstColabNotebook. So type in this name in the edit
box and hit ENTER. The notebook will acquire the name that you have given now.
Entering Code
You will now enter a trivial Python code in the code window and execute it.Enter the following two Python
statements in the code window

Executing Code
To execute the code, click on the arrow on the left side of the code window.

After a while, you will see the output underneath the code window, as shown here −
Mon Jun 17 05:58:40 2019

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You can clear the output anytime by clicking the icon on the left side of the output
display.

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Exercise 15
Demonstrate Internet of Things using
with examples
a. Smart home
b. Smart city
c. Smart farming

a. Smart home

We live in an exciting time where more and more everyday things are becoming smart. Appliances
have sensors and can sensors and can communicate to other things and can provide control to more
things. Homes of the 21 st century will become more and more self-controlled and automated due
to the comfort it provides, especially when employed in a private home. A home automation system
is a means that allows users to control electric appliances of varying kind.

There are many types of IoT applications in smart home in general.

1.) Smart Lighting: Helps in saving energy by adapting the lighting to the ambient conditions
and switching on / off or diming the light when needed.

2.) Smart Appliances: Make the management easier and also provide status information to
theusers remotely.

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3.) Intrusion Detection: Use security cameras and sensors (PIR sensors and door sensors) to
detect intrusion and raise alerts. Alerts can be in the form of SMS or E-Mail sent to the user.

4.) Smoke / Gas Detectors: Smoke detectors are installed in homes and buildings to detect that is
typically an early sign of fire. Alerts raised by smoke detectors can be in the form of signals to a
fire alarm system. Gas detectors can detect the presence of harmful gases such as CO, LPG etc.

b. Smart City

Smart Cities is not just a global trend, it’s not some fancy technology revolution that everyone
dreams about, in fact smart cities is a need and have to be apply as soon as possible. It is quite
clear that technology has been filling the gap that could not be solved before such as inequity
information availability and an equal standard life quality for all citizen.

In order to create an ideal Smart Cities for the citizen, there are least 5 element that a city must
have:

Smart Governance: “SMART Governance” is about the future of the public services, SMART
Governance utilize technology such as business application to facilitate and support better
planning, decision and even the monitoring, it will also be improving governance transparency to
transform the way public services are delivered.

Smart Living: Smart Living is about providing opportunities to improve the quality of its citizens’
lives by guaranteeing a sustainable social including healthcare education and safety. By
incorporating the latest technology into citizen daily activity, it will not only boost their
productivity but also will help accelerating growth through digital world.

Smart Health Monitoring: Uses a network of sensors to monitor the vibration levels in the

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structure such as bridges and buildings.

Smart Environment: Ensuring liveable conditions within the cities is also an important matter in
developing smart cities, the concept of smart city is the use of technology to improve sustainability
and better manage natural resources.

Smart Grid: Smart grids are digitally monitored, self-healing energy systems that deliver
electricity or gas from generation sources. Smart grid solutions can be across industrial, residential
as well as in transmission and distribution projects.

c. Smart farming

By using IoT sensors to collect environmental and machine metrics, farmers can make informed
decisions, and improve just about every aspect of their work – from livestock to crop farming. For
example, by using agriculture sensors to monitor the state of crops, farmers can define exactly how
many pesticides and fertilizers they have to use to reach optimal efficiency.

There are many types of IoT sensors for agriculture as well as IoT applications in agriculture in
general:

a.) Smart Irrigation: To determine moisture amount in soil.

b.) Gren House Control: Typically, farmers use manual intervention to control the greenhouse
environment to improve productivity.

c.) Monitoring of climate conditions: Probably the most popular smart agriculture gadgets are
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weather stations, combining various smart farming sensors. Located across the field, they collect
various data from the environment and send it to the cloud. The provided measurements can be
used to map the climate conditions, choose the appropriate crops, and take the required measures
to improve their capacity.

d.) Crop Management: You can monitor your crop growth and any anomalies to efficiently
prevent any diseases or infestations that can harm your yield.

e.) Agricultural drones: Perhaps one of the most promising advancements is the use of
agricultural drones in smart farming. Also knows ad UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), drones
are better equipped than airplanes and satellites to collect agricultural data.

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Exercise 16
Installation of Antivirus Software

There are many antivirus products available in market like Avast, Quick Heal, McAfee, Kaspersky,
Norton, Trend, AVG Antivirus, Avira, etc.

Now we are considering Avast Antivirus and below are the steps to install.

First ensure no other application or antivirus software is running on your PC.

Step 1: Click or Type the below link in your internet browser’s address bar (URL).
https://www.quickheal.com/download-free-antivirus
This link redirects you to file download page.

Step 2: Click on Download button.

Step 3: Wait for sometimes until download completes.

Step 4: Right the setup.exe as administrator and then click yes

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Step 5: Read the User and License and Agreement carefully and check the box that says ‘I Agree’

Step 6: Select the drive where the software is to be installed.

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Step 7: Let it install files in the selected drive, till it is 100% complete.

Step 8: Once completed, it will ask you to register the product. Click on ‘Register Now’.

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Step 9: Registering Quick Heal Antivirus License Offline

There are two ways of registering your Quick Heal copy. You can register offline if the system or
device isn’t connected to the Internet.

Before visiting the offline activation page, ensure that you have the product key and the installation
number with you.

The product key can be found printed either on or inside the product packaging or will be provided
when you purchase Quick Heal Antivirus Total Security online.

With the help of a connected device, visit the offline activation page

Fill the registration form and enter the product key received after buying the product.

Step 10: Installing Quick Heal Antivirus with Product Key Online

Buy Quick Heal Total Security key after installing the free version from the .exe file downloadedfrom the website.
For premium and pro versions, register the product key provided with the productpurchase.

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Exercise 17
Demonstration and hands-on browser settings
Google Chrome

1. Mute noisy sites

No one likes their browsing interrupted by auto-playing ads or videos. If one site is proving
particularly annoying, you can silence it permanently. Right-click on the site'stab at the top of
Chrome, then choose Mute Site. Pages from that particular domain won't be able to make a
peep until you choose Unmute Site from the same menu.

2. Bring back closed tabs

Chrome keyboard shortcuts can make a real difference to how quickly you can get stuff done;
see here for a full list. One of our favorites is Ctrl+Shift+T on Windows
(or Cmd+Shift+T on a Mac): It brings back the tab that you most recently closed. You can keep
pressing the same shortcut to open more and more recently closed tabs.

3. Change the look of Chrome

Chrome comes with a theming tool that you might not have discovered yet. Open up a new tab,
then click on the Customize button in the bottom right. You can choose an entire theme based
around a background image (Background), or set a specific gallery of colors (Color and
theme), and even change the shortcuts that show up on new tabs (Shortcuts).

4. Look up your passwords

Chrome does an excellent job of remembering your passwords and usernames for various
sites, but you might not always be logging on inside Chrome. If you need to look up a
password, open the Chrome menu and choose Settings, then Passwords. You can search
for a specific username or URL at the top, then click the eye icon to reveal the password.

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5. Switch between profiles
Just like you can have user profiles for different people on Windows or macOS, you can have
multiple Chrome profiles. It keeps passwords, history, settings, and more separate, and it works
for different family members or just for different parts of your life, like work versus home.
Click your avatar (top right) then Manage People to get started.
6. Embrace the emoji
If you think one emoji is worth a thousand words, you'll be interested in this one. You can right-
click inside any text box in Chrome on Windows or macOS, then
choose Emoji & Symbols to quickly access a gallery of icons and pictures. If you can't find
what you're looking for straightaway, use the search box at the top or the category list at the
bottom.
7. Find tabs you've opened elsewhere
As long as you're signed into the same Google account, you can quickly access open tabs on
other computers where Chrome is installed. It's helpful for bringing back a tab from your office
computer while you're at home, for example. From the Chrome menu, choose History, then
History again, then click on Tabs from other devices to see a list.

8. Load up the task manager

Chrome has a task manager, just like Windows and macOS. It's useful for troubleshooting
problems, closing problem tabs, and generally seeing which sites are hogging all of your system
resources. To get it onscreen, open the Chrome menu (three dots, top right), then choose More
Tools and Task Manager. Click on any entry in the list, then End Process to instantly kill it.

9. Cast your tabs

Google Chrome can send open tabs—or even your entire desktop—to a Chromecast device on
your local Wi-Fi network. It's perfect for everything from big-screen presentations at the office
to sharing photos with the family at home. Click the Chrome menu button, then Cast to choose
a local Chromecast device.

10. Send pages to other devices

We've talked about checking on open tabs on different devices, but you can be more proactive
about this if you want. Right-click on a tab header and choose Send to Your Devices and
you'll see a list of all your devices where you're signed into Google Chrome, from phones to
laptops. Take your pick to send the tab to the other device.

11. Quiet the notifications

Plenty of sites now ask to send you notifications through your browser, and if you think this is
getting a bit out of hand, you can take back control. On any site, click the icon to the left of the
address bar (either a padlock or an info symbol), then choose Site settings, then Notifications
to choose whether to enable alerts from the site.

12. Pack the bookmarks bar

When you save a bookmark to the Bookmarks Bar, it shows up underneath your tabs. (Choose
Bookmarks and Show Bookmarks Bar from the Chrome menu if you can't see it). Right-click
on each of these bookmarks in turn, choose Edit and clear
the Name field, and you'll be left with a compact row of favicons, so you can pack a lot more
bookmarks in.

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Exercise 18
Demonstration and hands-on privacy settings and password policy.
There are many steps you can take to keep your private data secure.

1.) Password-protect for everything

 All your digital devices like computers, tablets, smartphones or any other gadget with
personal data on them should be password protected for increased security. A lost or stolen
gadget without password protection is a source of personal information for whoever has it.
This can lead to identify theft and worse.
 The same advice goes for online accounts. Since most of these need a password to set up,
the challenge is making strong passwords.
 Change the default passwords for anything connected to your home network.

2.) Keep your computer virus-free

 Digital security has a lot to do with digital privacy. If your computer, infected by a virus or
malware, not only can hackers dig through your data to steal your identity, but they maylock
up your files and ask for a ransom to get them back. The solution is to run an antivirus
program to watch for viruses and keep your information very safely.
 Make sure your operating system is up to date with latest security patches. To make that
process easier, we recommend turning on auto-update features for OS that you use.

3.) Secure your browser

 Your browser is how you interact with the digital world, and if you aren’t careful, you
could be leaving a trail of footprints behind you as you browse.
 The first step for keeping advertisers out of your browser is turning off third part cookies.
 Use Incognito Mode / private browsing mode. This deleted your cookies, browsing history
and other temporary files whenever you close the windows. (For example: In Firefox 
Go to File / Menu  Click on New Private Window.)

4.) Switch search engines

Most search engines keep tabs on what you’re looking for so they can target ads
your tastes. If you have a habit to use multiple browsers then the site doesn’t track any of your
personal data.

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5.) Be careful what you share on social media

Social media can feel like a conversation with your closest friends, but it may be
a conversation the whole world can see. If you post enough on social media, the information can
be used to track where you are and what you’re up to.

6.) Don’t fall for scams

Beware of websites, phone calls and emails that try to part you from your personal information. A
common tactic with scammers is to pressure you into giving up your personal information.
Example: A Scammer may tell you that you’re being audited by the IRS or that your computer
has a dangerous virus and they can fix it by handing over your personal information.

7.) Only use software you trust

Whether you’re installing new software on your phone or your computer, make sure you’re getting
it from a source you trust. Legitimate-looking software can sometimes turn out to be a complete
scam.

8.) Only use secure Wi-Fi Connections

It’s not convenient to use the free Wi-Fi service at coffee shops, railway stations or airports, because there is no
one telling who is watching that internet traffic. If you use public Wi-Fi, don’tuse it to convey private information.

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Exercise 19
Demonstration of common security threats (using videos)
A. Phishing
B. DoS attack
C. Man in the middle attack
D. Spamming
E. Virus

Cyber security threats reflect the risk of experiencing a cyber attack. A cyber attack is an
intentional and malicious effort by an organization or an individual to breach the systems of
another organization or individual. The attacker’s motives may include information theft,
financial gain, espionage, or sabotage.

Check this link to watch about “8 Most Common Cybersecurity Threats | Types
of Cyber Attacks | Cybersecurity for Beginners | Edureka” and the link is

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dk-ZqQ-bfy4

A. PHISHING
Phishing is a cybercrime in which a target or targets are contacted by email, telephone or textmessage by someone
posing as a legitimate institution to lure individuals into providing sensitive data such as personally identifiable
information, banking and credit card details, andpasswords. The information is then used to access important
accounts and can result in identitytheft and financial loss.

Prevent Phishing Attacks:

Though hackers are constantly coming up with new techniques, there are some things that
you can do to protect yourself and your organization:
1. To protect against spam mails, spam filters can be used. Generally, the filters assess
the origin of the message, the software used to send the message, and the appearance
of the message to determine if it’s spam. Occasionally, spam filters may even block
emails from legitimate sources, so it isn’t always 100% accurate.
2. The browser settings should be changed to prevent fraudulent websites from opening.

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Browsers keep a list of fake websites and when you try to access the website, the
address is blocked or an alert message is shown. The settings of the browser should
only allow reliable websites to open up.

3. Many websites require users to enter login information while the user image is
displayed. This type of system may be open to security attacks. One way to ensure
security is to change passwords on a regular basis, and never use the same password
for multiple accounts. It’s also a good idea for websites to use a CAPTCHA system
for added security.

4. Banks and financial organizations use monitoring systems to prevent phishing.

Individuals can report phishing to industry groups where legal actions can be taken
against these fraudulent websites. Organizations should provide security awareness
training to employees to recognize the risks.
Refer this video link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7zNlEMDmI4

B. DOS ATTACK

A Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack is an attack meant to shut down a machine or network,

making it inaccessible to its intended users. DoS attacks accomplish this by flooding the target
with traffic, or sending it information that triggers a crash. In both instances, the DoS attack
deprives legitimate users (i.e. employees, members, or account holders) of the service or
resource they expected.

There are two general methods of DoS attacks: flooding services or crashing services. Flood
attacks occur when the system receives too much traffic for the server to buffer, causing them
to slow down and eventually stop.

Watch this video to know about DoS(DENIAL OF SERVICE) attack

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilhGh9CEIwM(DoS
Attack Explained)

C. MAN IN THE MIDDLE ATTACK

A man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack is when an attacker intercepts communications between two parties either to
secretly eavesdrop or modify traffic traveling between the two. Attackersmight use MitM attacks to steal login
credentials or personal information, spy on the victim, or sabotage communications or corrupt data.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DgqID9k83oQ (
What Is A Man-in-the-Middle Attack?)

D. SPAMMING

Sending junk email sent in bulk by email, most email spam messages are commercial in nature.
Whether commercial or not, many are not annoying, but also dangerous because they may
contain links that lead to phishing web sites or sites that are hosting malware or include
malware as file attachments. Spammers collect email addresses from chat rooms, websites,
customer lists, newsgroups and viruses that harvest users address books. These collected email
addresses are sometimes also sold to other spammers.

E. VIRUS

A VIRUS is abbreviated as “Vital Information Resource Under Seize”

A computer virus is a type of computer program that, when executed, replicates itself by
modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code If this replication succeeds, the
affected areas are then said to be "infected" with a computer virus
Computer viruses generally require a host program. The virus writes its own code into
the host program. When the program runs, the written virus program is executed first,
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causing infection and damage. A computer worm does not need a host
program, as it isan independent program or code chunk. Therefore, it is
not restricted by the host program, but can run independently and actively
carry out attacks.
Trojan Horse is another type of Virus

A Trojan Horse is any malware which misleads users of its true intent.
The term is derived from the ancient Greek story of the deceptive Trojan
horse that led to fall of thecity of Troy.

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