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782 views61 pages

It Skill Lab Manual

Uploaded by

ಹರಿ ಶಂ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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20CS01P | IT SKILLS - 20CS01P| First Semester |DTE

IT SKILLS - 20CS01P

SUBJECT : IT SKILLS LABORATORY

SUBJECT CODE: 20CS01P

Full PDF is Available on : http://searchcreators.org/dip_first_semester_itskill/

Created By:
Hanumanthu
Dept. CSE

Dedicated To..
My Dear All Friends and Supported YouTube Friends

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1. Write an algorithm for programmable problems Example for Reference:


• Add/subtract two numbers
• Find the largest/smallest of 3 numbers
• Calculate and print sum of 'N' numbers

Algorithm:
An algorithm is a set of computation steps performed to obtain the solution for a given
problem.
OR

A procedure for solving a mathematical problem (as of finding the greatest common
divisor) in a finite number of steps that frequently involves repetition of an operation.

OR
A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing some end.

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2. Design a flowchart for programmable problems Example for Reference:


• Add/subtract two numbers
• Find the largest/smallest of 3 numbers
• Calculate and print sum of 'N' numbers
Flowchart:
A flowchart is a graphical representation of steps. It was originated from computer
science as a tool for representing algorithms and programming logic but had extended to
use in all other kinds of processes.

Benefits:
• It helps to clarify complex processes.
• It helps team members gain a shared understanding of the process and use this
knowledge to collect data, identify problems, focus discussions, and identify
resources.
• It serves as a basis for designing new processes.

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ADD / SUBTRACT TWO NUMBERS

FIND THE LARGEST / SMALLEST OF 3 NUMBERS

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FLOWCHART TO FIND SUM OF 1ST N NUMBERS

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3. Design and create simple game using MIT-scratch / Code.org

Menu Bar:
It gives easy access to commands that you will use while creating your projects.
Stage .

Size: It allows you to toggle between three stage sizes: Small stage layout, Regular, and
Full screen.

The Stage: It is the background of your project. It can have scripts, backdrops and sounds
like a sprite, but with a few restrictions.

Sprite: A Sprite is an object in your project controlled by your scripts.

Sprite Info Pane: It is where you will find a thumb nail for each sprite in your project.

Choose a Backdrop: It is marked with a symbol of a background image, and its located to
the right of the choose sprite button.
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Code Area: It is where you will build your scripts.

Below show the categories of programming blocks

1. Motion
2. Looks
3. Sound
4. Events

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4. Design and create simple android application (MIT App Inventor)

The Designer view gives you a visual representation of the application you are building.

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To start developing our app we need to open App Inventor and create a new project.
1. Go to the App Inventor website: http://appinventor.mit.edu/explore/
2. Now login with your Gmail account in another tab (new tab)
3. Click on Create Apps in the top right corner of the page:

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5. Design and create webpage for displaying your poem (Title, header,
paragraph, formatting tags)

<html>

<head>

<title> Poem </title>

</head>

<body bgcolor="Cyan">

<center>

<font color="Blue">

<h1>Twinkle Twinkle Little Star</h1>

</font>

<font color="Red">

<h2>By Jane Taylor</h2>

</font>

<p align="center">

<b> Twinkle, twinkle, little star,</b><br>

How I wonder what you are!<br>

Up above the world so high,<br>

Like a diamond in the sky!</p>

<p><i> When the blazing sun is gone, </i><br>

When he nothing shines upon,<br>

Then you show your little light,<br>

<b>Twinkle, twinkle, all the night.</b></p>


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<p> Then the traveller in the dark,<br>

Thanks you for your tiny spark,<br>

How could he see where to go,<br>

If you did not twinkle so?</p>

<p> In the dark blue sky you keep,<br>

Often through my curtains peep<br>

For you never shut your eye,<br>

Till the sun is in the sky.</p>

<p> As your bright and tiny spark<br>

Lights the traveller in the dark,<br>

Though I know not what you are,<br>

<b>Twinkle, twinkle, little star. </b></p>

<strong><u><b> "Source: The Golden Book of Poetry (1947)" </b></u></strong>

</body>

</html>

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6. Design and create webpage for your wish list (What you want to do). Also list
challenges and opportunities along with images to present your dreams
(List ordered and unordered, Image, table)

<html>
<head>
<title> Wish list </title>
</head>
<body>
<center><h1> DREAMS </h1>
<img src="Dreams.jpg" height="200" width="200"></center>
<ol type="1">
<li>Completing my diploma in civil engineering. </li>
<li>Completing my Bachelor degree in a good engineering college.</li>
<li>I want to work hard to score First class / Distinction.</li> </ol>
<center><h2> OPPORTUNITIES </h2>
<img src="Opportunities.jpg" height="200" width="200"></center>
<ul>
<li>Focus on what you can control and have a plan for the rest</li>
<li>Go beyond immediate tasks and think of the big picture</li>
<li>Do a periodic comparison of your annual goals with your to-do list</li></ul>
<center><h3> CHALLENGES </h3>
<img src="Challenges.png" height="200" width="400"></center>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>SL NO</th>
<th>CHALLENGE</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1.</td>
<td>Putting your goals off until someday.</td>
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</tr>
<tr>
<td>2.</td>
<td>Waiting to take action until you 'feel' ready.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3.</td>
<td>Viewing mistakes as failure.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4.</td>
<td>Not making your goal a priority.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

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7. Design and create webpage using HTML and CSS about an awesome animal
(Use necessary CSS tags)

<html>
<head>
<title> Awesome Animal </title>
<style>
div img
{
margin:10px;
padding:10px;
border:10px solid red;
height:250px;
width:250px;
float:left;
}
</style>
</head>
<body bgcolor="cyan">
<h1> <font color="Blue">Awesome Animal </font></h1>
<h2><font color="Green">Lion</font></h2>
<div class="img">
<img src="Lion.jpg">
</div>
</body>
</html>

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8. Design and create web page for a travel book / recipe book with more than 3
pages, table to list places/recipes (iframe, hyperlink)

Here we implemented 4 web pages for recipe book, so we should create 4 web pages
namely

1. Recipe.html (Homepage)
2. Rice.html (Recipe 1)
3. Chapati.html (Recipe 2)
4. Tips.html (Cooking Tips)

<iframe> tag specifies an inline frame. An inline frame is used to embed another
document

within the current HTML document.

<hyperlink> The HTML <a> tag defines a hyperlink. You can click on a link and jump to
another document.

Recipe.html (Homepage)

<html>

<head>

<title>Recipe Book</title>

</head>

<body>

<marquee>

<b><u>Welcome</u></b></marquee>

<center><h1> The Joy of Cooking </h1></center>

<img src="joy of cooking.jpg" height="300" width="500">

<h2> Contents: </h2>

<table border="1">

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<tr>

<th>SL NO</th>

<th>RECIPE NAME</th>

<th>SERVING TIME</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>1.</td>

<td>Rice and Sambar</td>

<td>Afternoon</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>2.</td>

<td>Chapati</td>

<td>Night</td>

</tr>

</table>

<h3> <center> General Cooking Tips is shown below </center></h3>

<center><iframe src="tips.html" height="75%" width="75%">Recipe</iframe></center>

<h3>If you want to know about Recipe #1 & #2, click on below link</h3>

<a href="Rice.html">Recipe #1</a> <br> <br>

<a href="chapathi.html">Recipe #2</a>

</body>

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</html>

Rice.html (Recipe 1)
<html>

<head>

<title>Rice and Sambar</title>

<body bgcolor="green">

<marquee><b><u>The Joy of Cooking</u></b></marquee>

<h1>Rice and Sambar</h1>

<img src="sambar.jpg" height="200" width="200">

<h2>How to make sambar</h2>

<ol>

<li>Before we begin making sambar, it always helps to soak tamarind in water

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earlier.<br>

So soak 1 tablespoon tamarind in 1 by 3 cup hot water for 20 to 30 minutes.</li><br>

<li>Once the tamarind gets soft, then squeeze the tamarind in the water itself. <br>

Discard the strained tamarind and keep the tamarind pulp aside.</li><br>

<li>Rinse half cup toor dal (100 grams) a couple of times in water.</li><br>

<li>Drain all the water and add the dal in a 2 litre pressure cooker. Also add ¼ teaspoon

turmeric powder.</li><br>

<li>Add 1.5 to 1.75 cups of water and mix.</li><br>

<li>Cover and pressure cook dal for 7 to 8 whistles or 10 to 12 minutes on medium

flame.</li><br>

<li>When the pressure settles down on its own, open the lid and check the dal.<br>

IT SKILLS LAB MANUAL 20CS01P The dal should be completely cooked and mushy.

mash the dal with a spoon or wired

whisk.</li><br>

</body>

</html>

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Chapati.html (Recipe 2)

<html>

<head>

<title>Chapati</title>

<body bgcolor="cyan">

<marquee><b><u>The Joy of Cooking</u></b></marquee>

<h1>Chapathi</h1>

<img src="chapati.jpg" height="200" width="200">

<h2>How to make chapati</h2>

<ol>

<li>Pour the wheat flour, salt, and ghee into a bowl and mix the ingredients

together.</li><br>

<li>Add half a cup of water to the flour mixture and stir the mixture until it's soft and

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supple.</li><br>

<li>Add the remaining water slowly, stirring until it's fully combined.</li><br>

<li>Place the dough into an oiled bowl and cover it for 25 minutes.</li><br>

<li>Divide the dough into 10-12 small balls, and dip them into flour.</li><br>

<li>Roll the dough with a rolling pin until the balls resemble thin, round

pancakes.</li><br>

<li>Heat a heavy frying pan, tawa, or griddle over medium heat and cook each chapati on

both

sides.</li><br>

<li>Remove the chapati from the heat, and wrap it in a towel until they are all ready to

serve.</li><br>

</body>

</html>

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Tips.html (Cooking Tips)


<html>
<head>
<title>cooking tips</title>
<body bgcolor="pink">
<marquee><b><u>The Joy of Cooking</u></b></marquee>
<h1>General Cooking Tips</h1>
<img src="cooking.jpg" height="200" width="200">
<ol>
<li>Take notes as you go.</li><br>
<li>Read the recipe all the way through before you start.</li><br>
<li>Put a damp paper towel under your cutting board.</li><br>
<li>Set your timer for a few minutes less than the called-for time.</li><br>
<li>Season and taste as you go.</li><br>
<li>Trust yourself!</li><br>
</body>
</html>

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9. Design and create web page with JavaScript to design a simple calculator to
perform the following operations: sum, product, difference and quotient

<html>
<head>
<script>
function dis(val)
{
document.getElementById("result").value+=val
}
function solve()
{
let x = document.getElementById("result").value
let y = eval(x)
document.getElementById("result").value = y
}
function clr()
{
document.getElementById("result").value = ""
}
</script>
<style>
input
{
width:100%;
padding:20px;
background-color:cyan;
}
</style>
</head>

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<body>
<center><h1>MY CALCULATOR</h1>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td colspan="3"><input type="text" id="result"/></td>
<td><input type="button" value="Clear" onclick="clr()"/> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<!-- create button and assign value to each button -->
<!-- dis("1") will call function dis to display value -->
<td><input type="button" value="1" onclick="dis('1')"/> </td>
<td><input type="button" value="2" onclick="dis('2')"/> </td>
<td><input type="button" value="3" onclick="dis('3')"/> </td>
<td><input type="button" value="/" onclick="dis('/')"/> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="button" value="4" onclick="dis('4')"/> </td>
<td><input type="button" value="5" onclick="dis('5')"/> </td>
<td><input type="button" value="6" onclick="dis('6')"/> </td>
<td><input type="button" value="-" onclick="dis('-')"/> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="button" value="7" onclick="dis('7')"/> </td>
<td><input type="button" value="8" onclick="dis('8')"/> </td>
<td><input type="button" value="9" onclick="dis('9')"/> </td>
<td><input type="button" value="+" onclick="dis('+')"/> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="button" value="." onclick="dis('.')"/> </td>

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<td><input type="button" value="0" onclick="dis('0')"/> </td>


<!-- solve function call function solve to evaluate value -->
<td><input type="button" value="=" onclick="solve()"/> </td>
<td><input type="button" value="*" onclick="dis('*')"/> </td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
</body>
</html>

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10. Design and create a personal webpage with dashboard

<html>
<head>
<title>MY DASHBOARD</title>
</head>
<body>
<p align="center"><u>MY FINANCIAL DASHBOARD FOR FEBRUARY
2021</h1></u></p>
<u><h1>1. INCOME</h1></u>
<p align="center">
<img src="income.jpg" height="300" width="500">
</p>
<u><h1>2. EXPENSES</h1></u>
<p align="center">
<img src="Expenses.jpg" height="300" width="500">
</p>
<u><h1>3. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE</h1></u>
<p align="center">
<img src="accounts payable.jpg" height="300" width="500">
</p>
<u><h1>4. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE</h1></u>
<p align="center">
<img src="ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE.jpg" height="300" width="500">
</p>
</body>
</html>

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11. Design and create web page about advantages of business process automation
with respect to your branch of engineering

<html>

<head>

<title>BUSINESS PROCESS AUTOMATION</title>

</head>

<body>

<p align="center">

<font size="20"><u>ADVANTAGES OF BPA IN CIVIL ENGG.</h1></u></font></p>

<font face="calibri">

<u><h1>Why Automation is Important? </h1></u> <br>

Given the right tools, automating computer operations can be surprisingly easy and can

reap major benefits. Understanding these benefits—and some obstacles—will help you

develop support for an operations automation project. A recent study by a leading trade

journal asked the question, “What do you see as the most important benefits of an

automated or unattended computer center?” The primary benefits of operations

automation cited most often were <b>cost reduction, productivity, availability,

reliability, and performance.</b><br>

<u><h1>1. Reducing Operational Costs</h1></u> <br>

Given the right tools, automating computer operations can be surprisingly easy and can

reap major benefits. Understanding these benefits—and some obstacles—will help you

develop support for an operations automation project. A recent study by a leading trade

journal asked the question, “What do you see as the most important benefits of an

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automated or unattended computer center?” The primary benefits of operations

automation cited most often were <b>cost

reduction, productivity, availability, reliability, and performance.</b><br>

<u><h1>2. Increasing Productivity</h1></u> <br>

As an organization’s technology demands grow, productivity becomes a bigger concern.

Typically, as other business areas were given tools to increase their productivity and

effectiveness, IT operations took a back seat. The proliferation of desktop productivity

software has created substantial gains in the office and HR environments.<br>

<u><h1>3. Ensuring High Availability</h1></u> <br>

Companies are continually more reliant on their computers. Day-to-day business is

routinely conducted with online systems: order entry, reservations, assembly instructions,

shipping orders—the list goes on. If the computer is not available, the business

suffers.<br>

<u><h1>4. Increasing Reliability</h1></u> <br>

Productivity is an obvious benefit of automation. However, reliability is the real gem that

sparkles with automation. It is the cornerstone of any good IT operations department and

without it you have confusion, chaos, and unhappy users. <br>

<u><h1>5. Optimizing Performance</h1></u> <br>

Every company would like to have their enterprise perform like a thoroughbred. In

reality, it is more likely to be overburdened with work. Even though advancements in

computers make them faster and less expensive every year,<br>

</body>

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</html>

OUTPUT

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12. Create a workflow for education loan approval in bank / diploma admission
process (Use any tool)

Types of Messages in Sequence Diagrams

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Examples of Synchronous, Reply / Return Message and Self Message

Visit the below URL to create a sequence diagram for creating Diploma Admission
Process:
https://sequencediagram.org/
Sequence
title DIPLOMA ADMISSION PROCESS
participant STUDENT
participant COLLEGE
participant DTE BOARD
STUDENT->COLLEGE: Applies for admission
STUDENT<<--COLLEGE: Check SSLC/PUC marks [Just pass or fail \n and
Provide application]
STUDENT->COLLEGE: Fills in the details given in the application form \n and
submits with the documents.
STUDENT<<--COLLEGE: Verifies the submitted documents
note over COLLEGE,DTE BOARD:**DTE provides a circular for documents
verification**
COLLEGE->DTE BOARD: Submits the Students documents to the DTE Board
COLLEGE <<-- DTE BOARD: Verifies and acknowledges the student admission

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STUDENT <<- COLLEGE: Provides admission to the student

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13. Create user account and demonstrate use of Google drive, Google docs,
Google Co-lab (Usage of Jupyter Notebook)
Demonstration of Google Drive, Google Docs (Docs, Excel and Slides (PPT))

Step 1: First sign-in to your google drive by entering your Gmail id and password.

Step 2: For uploading files to your Google Drive click on NEW → File Upload →
Select which files you want to upload and click open. Now the file will start
uploading and you can see the progress of the file

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Similarly Create Google Sheets (Excel) and Google Slides (PPT) by following
above steps
Demonstration of Google Co-lab (Usage of Jupyter Notebook)

As Colab implicitly uses Google Drive for storing your notebooks, ensure that you
are logged in to your Google Drive account before proceeding further.

Step 1: Open the following URL in your browser https://colab.research.google.com


Your browser would display the following screen

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14. Demonstrate Internet of Things using with examples


 Smart home
 Smart city
 Smart farming

Smart Home

 We live in an exciting time where more and more everyday things are becoming
smart.

 Appliances have sensors and can sensors and can communicate to other things and
can provide control to more things.

 Homes of the 21st century will become more and more self-controlled and
automated due to the comfort it provides, especially when employed in a private
home.

 A home automation system is a means that allows users to control electric


appliances of varying kind.

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There are many types of IoT applications in smart home in general.


1. Smart Lighting: Helps in saving energy by adapting the lighting to the ambient
conditions
2. and switching on / off or diming the light when needed.
3. Smart Appliances: Make the management easier and also provide status
information to the
users remotely.
4. Intrusion Detection: Use security cameras and sensors (PIR sensors and door
sensors) to
detect intrusion and raise alerts. Alerts can be in the form of SMS or E-Mail sent to
the user.
5. Smoke / Gas Detectors: Smoke detectors are installed in homes and buildings to
detect that is typically an early sign of fire. Alerts raised by smoke detectors can be
in the form of signals to a fire alarm system. Gas detectors can detect the presence
of harmful gases such as CO, LPG etc.

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Smart City

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d.) Crop Management: You can monitor your crop growth and any anomalies to
efficiently prevent any diseases or infestations that can harm your yield.

e.) Agricultural drones: Perhaps one of the most promising advancements is the use of
agricultural drones in smart farming. Also knows ad UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles),
drones are better equipped than airplanes and satellites to collect agricultural data

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15.Installation of Antivirus Software


There are many antivirus products available in market like Avast, Quick Heal, McAfee,
Kaspersky,

Norton, Trend, AVG Antivirus, Avira, etc.


Now we are considering Quick Heal Antivirus and below are the steps to install.
First ensure no other application or antivirus software is running on your PC.

Step 1: Click or Type the below link in your internet browser’s address bar (URL).
https://www.quickheal.com/download-free-antivirus

This link redirects you to file download page.

Step 2: Click on Download button.

Step 3: Wait for sometimes until download completes.

Step 4: Right the setup.exe as administrator and then click yes

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Step 5: Read the User and License and Agreement carefully and check the box that says
‘I Agree’

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Step 6: Select the drive where the software is to be installed.

Step 7: Let it install files in the selected drive, till it is 100% complete.

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20CS01P | IT SKILLS - 20CS01P| First Semester |DTE

Step 8: Once completed, it will ask you to register the product. Click on ‘Register Now’

Step 9: Registering Quick Heal Antivirus License Offline There are two ways of
registering your Quick Heal copy.
 You can register offline if the system or device isn’t connected to the
Internet.Before visiting the offline activation page, ensure that you have the
product key and the installation number with you.
 The product key can be found printed either on or inside the product packaging or
will be provided when you purchase Quick Heal Antivirus Total Security online.
 With the help of a connected device, visit the offline activation pageFill the
registration form and enter the product key received after buying the product.

Step 10: Installing Quick Heal Antivirus with Product Key Online Buy Quick Heal Total
Security key after installing the free version from the .
 exe file downloaded from the website. For premium and pro versions, register the
product key provided with the product purchase

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20CS01P | IT SKILLS - 20CS01P| First Semester |DTE

16.Demonstration and hands-on browser settings

Google Chrome

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17.Demonstration and hands-on privacy settings and password policy.

There are many steps you can take to keep your private data secure.
1.) Password-protect for everything

➢All your digital devices like computers, tablets, smartphones or any other
gadget with personal data on them should be password protected for increased
security. A lost or stolen gadget without password protection is a source of
personal information for whoever has it. This can lead to identify theft and
worse.

➢The same advice goes for online accounts. Since most of these need a
password to set up, the challenge is making strong passwords.

➢Change the default passwords for anything connected to your home network.
2.) Keep your computer virus-free

➢Digital security has a lot to do with digital privacy. If your computer, infected
by a virus or malware, not only can hackers dig through your data to steal your
identity, but they may lock up your files and ask for a ransom to get them back.
The solution is to run an antivirus program to watch for viruses and keep your
information very safely.

➢Make sure your operating system is up to date with latest security patches. To
make that process easier, we recommend turning on auto-update features for OS
that you use.

3.) Secure your browser

➢Your browser is how you interact with the digital world, and if you aren’t
careful, you could be leaving a trail of footprints behind you as you browse.

➢The first step for keeping advertisers out of your browser is turning off third
part cookies.

➢Use Incognito Mode / private browsing mode. This deleted your cookies,
browsing history and other temporary files whenever you close the windows.
(For example: In Firefox → Go to File / Menu → Click on New Private
Window.)

4.) Switch search engines Most search engines keep tabs on what you’re looking for so
they can target ads your tastes. If you have a habit to use multiple browsers then the site
doesn’t track any of your personal data.
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5.) Be careful what you share on social media

Social media can feel like a conversation with your closest friends, but it may be
a conversation the whole world can see. If you post enough on social media, the
information can be used to track where you are and what you’re up to.

6.) Don’t fall for scams

Beware of websites, phone calls and emails that try to part you from your personal
information. A common tactic with scammers is to pressure you into giving up your
personal information.
Example: A Scammer may tell you that you’re being audited by the IRS or that your
computer has a dangerous virus and they can fix it by handing over your personal
information.

7.) Only use software you trust


Whether you’re installing new software on your phone or your computer, make sure
you’re getting it from a source you trust. Legitimate-looking software can sometimes turn
out to be a complete scam.

8.) Only use secure Wi-Fi Connections


It’s not convenient to use the free Wi-Fi service at coffee shops, railway stations or
airports, because there is no one telling who is watching that internet traffic. If you use
public Wi-Fi, don’t use it to convey private information.

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20CS01P | IT SKILLS - 20CS01P| First Semester |DTE

19.Demonstration of common security threats (using videos)

a. Phishing
b. DoS attack
c. Man in the middle attack
d. Spamming
e. Virus

Phishing
Phishing is a type of Social Engineering attack often used to steal user data,
including login details, account numbers and credit card information.

Types of Phishing Attacks

1. Spear Phishing
2. Whaling
3. BEC (Business Email Compromise)
4. Clone Phishing
5. Vishing
b. Dos Attack

A Denial-of-Service (Dos) attack is an attack meant to shut down a machine or network,


making it inaccessible to its intended users. It is used to deny legitimate users access to a
resource such as accessing a website, network, emails etc.

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20CS01P | IT SKILLS - 20CS01P| First Semester |DTE

Types of Dos Attacks


1. Application-layer Flood / Dos
2. Distributed DoS

Man in the Middle Attack


A man in the middle (MITM) attack is a general term for when a perpetrator
positions himself in a conversation between a user and an application-either to eavesdrop
or to impersonate one of the parties, making it appear as if a normal exchange of
information is underway.
The goal of an attack is to steal personal information, such as login credentials,
account details and credit card numbers.

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Types of Man in the Middle Attacks

1. IP Spoofing
2. DNS Spoofing
3. HTTPS Spoofing
4. SSL Hijacking
5. Email Hijacking
6. Wi-Fi Eavesdropping
7. Stealing browser cookies

Spamming
Spamming is when one person or company sends an unwanted email to
another email to another person. Spam emails are the computer version of unwanted
“Junk Mail”that arrives in mailbox, such as advertising pamphlets and brochures.

Types of Spam
1. Advance-fee scams
2. Phishing Emails
3. Malspam

Virus
A computer virus is type of malicious code or program written to alter the way a
computer operated and is designed to spread from one computer to another. In the
process, a virus has the potential to cause unexpected or damaged effects, such as
harming the system software by corrupting or destroying data.

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Types of Computer Virus

1. Boot sector virus


2. Web scripting virus
3. Browser hijacker
4. Resident virus
5. Macro virus
6. File infector virus

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