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Differentiation Rule

BASIC CALCULUS DIFFERENTIATION RULE

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19 views23 pages

Differentiation Rule

BASIC CALCULUS DIFFERENTIATION RULE

Uploaded by

sodabass04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Definition

The process of finding the derivative, or the rate of change, of a


function is called differentiation.

Definition
A function 𝑓 is said to be differentiable at 𝑥 if

′
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
exists.
The Constant Rule
If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑐 where 𝑐 is a constant, then 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 0.
Examples:
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 1 2. 𝑓 𝑥 = −10 3. 𝑦 = 5 4. 𝑦 = 𝜋
The Power Rule
If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑛 where 𝑛 is any real number, then 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 .
Examples:
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 3. 𝑦 = 𝑥 4. 𝑦 =
1
𝑥4
The Constant Multiple Rule
If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘 ⋅ 𝑢 𝑥 where 𝑘 is a real number and 𝑢 is a differentiable
function at 𝑥, then 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑘 ⋅ 𝑢′ 𝑥 .
Examples:
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 4 3. 𝑦 = 4 3 𝑥 3
4. 𝑦 = 𝑥 5
The Sum/Difference Rule
If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑢 𝑥 ± 𝑣 𝑥 where 𝑢 and 𝑣 are differentiable functions at 𝑥,
then 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑢′ 𝑥 ± 𝑣 ′ 𝑥 .
Examples:
1 3
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 4 2. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 3. 𝑦 = 6𝑥 −1 + 5𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1
The Product Rule
If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑢 𝑥 𝑣 𝑥 where 𝑢 and 𝑣 are differentiable functions at 𝑥, then
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑢 𝑥 𝑣 ′ 𝑥 + 𝑣 𝑥 𝑢′ 𝑥 .
Examples:
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝑥 3 − 1
The Product Rule
If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑢 𝑥 𝑣 𝑥 where 𝑢 and 𝑣 are differentiable functions at 𝑥, then
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑢 𝑥 𝑣 ′ 𝑥 + 𝑣 𝑥 𝑢′ 𝑥 .
Examples:
2. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1 𝑥 − 3
The Product Rule
If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑢 𝑥 𝑣 𝑥 where 𝑢 and 𝑣 are differentiable functions at 𝑥, then
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑢 𝑥 𝑣 ′ 𝑥 + 𝑣 𝑥 𝑢′ 𝑥 .
Examples:
3. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥
The Quotient Rule
𝑢 𝑥
If 𝑓 𝑥 = where 𝑢 and 𝑣 are differentiable functions at 𝑥 with
𝑣 𝑥
𝑣 𝑥 ≠ 0, then
𝑣 𝑥 𝑢′ 𝑥 −𝑢 𝑥 𝑣 ′ 𝑥
𝑓′ 𝑥 = 𝑣 𝑥 2
.

Examples:
3
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥−1
The Quotient Rule
𝑢 𝑥
If 𝑓 𝑥 = where 𝑢 and 𝑣 are differentiable functions at 𝑥 with
𝑣 𝑥
𝑣 𝑥 ≠ 0, then
𝑣 𝑥 𝑢′ 𝑥 −𝑢 𝑥 𝑣 ′ 𝑥
𝑓′ 𝑥 = 𝑣 𝑥 2
.

Examples:
3𝑥+5
2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 +4
The Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
𝐷𝑥 sin 𝑥 = cos 𝑥 𝐷𝑥 tan 𝑥 = sec 2 𝑥 𝐷𝑥 sec 𝑥 = sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥
𝐷𝑥 cos 𝑥 = − sin 𝑥 𝐷𝑥 cot 𝑥 = − csc 2 𝑥 𝐷𝑥 csc 𝑥 = − csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥
Examples:
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − 2 tan 𝑥
The Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
𝐷𝑥 sin 𝑥 = cos 𝑥 𝐷𝑥 tan 𝑥 = sec 2 𝑥 𝐷𝑥 sec 𝑥 = sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥
𝐷𝑥 cos 𝑥 = − sin 𝑥 𝐷𝑥 cot 𝑥 = − csc 2 𝑥 𝐷𝑥 csc 𝑥 = − csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥
Examples:
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
The Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
𝐷𝑥 sin 𝑥 = cos 𝑥 𝐷𝑥 tan 𝑥 = sec 2 𝑥 𝐷𝑥 sec 𝑥 = sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥
𝐷𝑥 cos 𝑥 = − sin 𝑥 𝐷𝑥 cot 𝑥 = − csc 2 𝑥 𝐷𝑥 csc 𝑥 = − csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥
Examples:
tan 𝑥
3. 𝑦 = sec 𝑥
The Derivative of the Natural Exponential Function
If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 , then 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 .
Examples:
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑒 𝑥 2. 𝑦 = 2𝑒 𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 3. 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥
The Derivative of the Natural Exponential Function
If 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 , then 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 .
Examples:
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑒 𝑥 2. 𝑦 = 2𝑒 𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 3. 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥
Differentiability
A function 𝑓 is said to be differentiable at 𝑥 if

′
𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
exists.

Continuity
A function 𝑓(𝑥) is said to be continuous at 𝒙 = 𝒄 if the following three
conditions are satisfied:
a) 𝑓 𝑐 exists;
b) lim 𝑓(𝑥) exists; and
𝑥→𝑐
c) 𝑓 𝑐 = lim 𝑓(𝑥).
𝑥→𝑐
Illustration
5𝑥, 𝑥<1
Is 𝑓 𝑥 = ൜ differentiable at 𝑥 = 1?
2𝑥 + 3, 𝑥 ≥ 1

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