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FMHM Lab - Lecture - 8

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50 views11 pages

FMHM Lab - Lecture - 8

Uploaded by

Rakesh Mahalik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Dr.

Ratnakar Swain
(M. Tech. & Ph.D., IIT KGP)
Asst. Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
NIT Rourkela
Syllabus
1. Determination of Coefficient of Discharge for Venturimeter.
2. Determination of Coefficient of Discharge for V-notch.
3. Determination of Coefficient of Discharge for Rectangular notch.
4. Determination of Coefficient of Discharge for Orifice meter.
5. Verification of Bernoulli’s Theory
6. Determination of Friction loss through Pipes.
7. Determination of minor losses due to bends, fittings and elbows in pipes.
8. Determination of Efficiency of Francis Turbine.
9. Determination of Efficiency of Pelton Turbine.
10. Determination of Efficiency of Centrifugal Pump.
11. Determination of Efficiency of Reciprocating Pump.
12. Determination of cavitation of the test rig.
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Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL
Aim of the Experiment

To determine the value of coefficient of discharge (Calibration) of the orifice


meter.
Theory
oOrifice meter is a device used to measure discharge
in a pipeline or a closed conduit. Orifice is a hole
through which liquid is made to pass through.

oIt works on Bernoulli’s principle or venturi effect


and continuity equation.

oOrifice meter consists of a flat plate with a circular


hole at the centre. The circular hole is called orifice.

oThe section of flow where the area is minimum is


called vena-contracta. At vena-contracta the velocity
is maximum. 3
Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL
o Because of the energy loss which takes place as the water passes down the tank and through
the orifice, the actual velocity vact in the plane of vena-contracta will be less than the theoretical
velocity, vth.

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Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL
Coefficient of discharge (𝐶𝑑): the ratio of the actual discharge to that theoretical
discharge given by

Merits and Demerits of orifice meter over venturimeter


 Orifice meter occupies less space than venturimeter.
 Simple in construction and hence cheaper than venturimeter.
 In case of orifice meter expansion and contraction are sudden and hence loss of energy is
more.
 The co-efficient of discharge of venturimeter is high (about 0.9) where as that of orifice meter
is low (about 0.6).
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Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL
Apparatus used

1. Supply pipe of Ø22.5 mm (3/4”) connected to inlet manifold.

2. Orifice meter size inlet Ø22.5 mm and throat Ø15 mm

3. Differential mercury manometer tapings provided at inlet and throat of Orifice

meter.

4. Manometer size 50 cm height.

5. Measuring tank size - 600 mm x 400 mm x 300 mm height.

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Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL
Procedure
i. Clean water in the sump tank is filled to approx. ¾ of its height.

ii. The pressure relief valves above the manometer tubes are fully open.

iii. The pressure valves of both the meters are fully closed.

iv. The bypass gate valve, drain valve of the measuring tank and the gate valve of the meter
which is to be calibrated is kept open while that of the gate valve of the other meter is kept
fully closed. Now, start the flow.

v. Open the manometer pressure cocks of the. Let the water flow through the pressure relief
valves above the manometer. Remove all the air bubbles and than close both the pressure
relief cocks slowly and simultaneously so that mercury does not get lifted out from the
manometer. Observe the mercury head difference in the manometer.

vi. Close the gate valve of measuring tank and measure the time required for 10 cm rise of the
water in the measuring tank. Repeat the procedure by changing the discharge.
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Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL
OBSERVATION
• Inlet diameter of Orifice meter = 22.5 mm= 0.0225 m
• Throat of Orifice meter diameter = 15 mm = 0.015 m

Sr. No. Manometer diff. Time for 10 cm rise in measuring tank. (sec)
h(m)

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Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL
CALCULATIONS
𝟎.𝟔×𝟎.𝟒×𝟎.𝟏
• Actual discharge, 𝑸𝒂 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟒/𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒄

HL= the water head across manometer (m) = Manometer difference in m x 12.6

a1 = cross-sectional area at inlet = 6.16 x 10-4 m2

a2 = Cross-sectional of throat = = 1.54 X 10-4m2

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Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL
SAMPLE CALCULATION

𝑄𝑎 = 0.024/𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

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Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL
RESULTS

The average co-efficient of discharge of the orifice meter are found to be_______.

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Dr. R. Swain, Asst. Prof., NIT RKL

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