CT 15 Data Base Management System

1. A relational database consists of a collection of

a) Tables b) Fields c) Records d) Keys

2. A ________ in a table represents a relationship among a set of values.

a) Column b) Key c) Row d) Entry

3. The term _______ is used to refer to a row.

a) Attribute b) Tuple c) Field d) Instance

4. The term attribute refers to a ___________ of a table.

a) Record b) Column c) Tuple d) Key

5. For each attribute of a relation, there is a set of permitted values, called the ________ of
that attribute.

a) Domain b) Relation c) Set d) Schema

6. Database __________ , which is the logical design of the database, and the database
_______,which is a snapshot of the data in the database at a given instant in time.

a) Instance, Schema b) Relation, Schema c) Relation, Domain d) Schema, Instance

7.Course(course_id,sec_id,semester)

Here the course_id,sec_id and semester are __________ and course is a _________ .

a) Relations, Attribute b) Attributes, Relation c) Tuple, Relation d) Tuple, Attributes

8. A domain is atomic if elements of the domain are considered to be ____________ units.

a) Different b) Indivisbile c) Constant d) Divisible

9. The tuples of the relations can be of ________ order.

a) Any b) Same c) Sorted d) Constant

10. Which one of the following is a set of one or more attributes taken collectively to
uniquely identify a record?

a) Candidate key b) Sub key c) Super key d) Foreign key

11. Consider attributes ID , CITY and NAME . Which one of this can be considered as a super
key ?

a) NAME b) ID c) CITY d) CITY , ID

12. A _____ is a property of the entire relation, rather than of the individual tuples in which
each tuple is unique.

a) Rows b) Key c) Attribute d) Fields

13. Which one of the following attribute can be taken as a primary key ?

a) Name b) Street c) Id d) Department

14. Which one of the following cannot be taken as a primary key ?

a) Id b) Register number c) Dept_id d) Street

15. A attribute in a relation is a foreign key if the _______ key from one relation is used as an
attribute in that relation .

a) Candidate b) Primary c) Super d) Sub

16. The relation with the attribute which is the primary key is referenced in another relation.
The relation which has the attribute as primary key is called

a) Referential relation b) Referencing relation c) Referenced relation d) Referred relation

17. The ______ is the one in which the primary key of one relation is used as a normal
attribute in another relation .

a) Referential relation b) Referencing relation c) Referenced relation d) Referred

relation

18. A _________ integrity constraint requires that the values appearing in specified attributes
of any tuple in the referencing relation also appear in specified attributes of at least one tuple
in the referenced relation.

a) Referential b) Referencing c) Specific d) Primary

19. Using which language can a user request information from a database ?

a) Query b) Relational c) Structural d) Compiler

20. In this query which attribute form the primary key?

a) Name b) Dept c) Tot_cred d) ID

21. Which one of the following is a procedural language ?

a) Domain relational calculus b) Tuple relational calculus c) Relational algebra d) Query

language

22. The_____ operation allows the combining of two relations by merging pairs of tuples, one
from each relation, into a single tuple.

a) Select b) Join c) Union d) Intersection

23. The result which operation contains all pairs of tuples from the two relations, regardless
of whether their attribute values match.

a) Join b) Cartesian product c) Intersection d) Set difference

24.The _______operation performs a set union of two “similarly structured” tables

a) Union b) Join c) Product d) Intersect

25.The most commonly used operation in relational algebra for projecting a set of tuple from
a relation is

a) Join b) Projection c) Select d) Union

26. The _______ operator takes the results of two queries and returns only rows that appear
in both result sets.

a) Union b) Intersect c) Difference d) Projection

27. Which one of the following is used to define the structure of the relation ,deleting
relations and relating schemas ?

a) DML(Data Manipulation Langauge) b) DDL(Data Definition Langauge)

c) Query d) Relational Schema

28. A________ is a pictorial depiction of the schema of a database that shows the relations in
the database, their attributes, and primary keys and foreign keys.

a) Schema diagram b) Relational algebra c) Database diagram d) Schema flow

29. The _________ provides a set of operations that take one or more relations as input and
return a relation as an output.

a) Schematic representation b) Relational algebra c) Scheme diagram d) Relation flow

30. Which one of the following provides the ability to query information from the database
and to insert tuples into, delete tuples from, and modify tuples in the database ?

a) DML(Data Manipulation Langauge) b) DDL(Data Definition Langauge)

c) Query d) Relational Schema

31. Create table employee (name varchar ,id integer)

What type of statement is this ?

a) DML b) DDL c) View d) Integrity constraint

32. Select * from employee What type of statement is this?

a) DML b) DDL c) View d) Integrity constraint

33. The basic data type char(n) is a _____ length character string and varchar(n) is _____
length character.

a) Fixed, equal b) Equal, variable c) Fixed, variable d) Variable, equal

34. An attribute A of datatype varchar(20) has the value “Avi” . The attribute B of datatype
char(20) has value ”Reed” .Here attribute A has ____ spaces and attribute B has ____ spaces .

a) 3, 20 b) 20, 4 c) 20 , 20 d) 3, 4

35. To remove a relation from an SQL database, we use the ______ command.

a) Delete b) Purge c) Remove d) Drop table

36. Delete from r; r – relation

This command performs which of the following action ?

a) Remove relation b) Clear relation entries c) Delete fields d) Delete rows

37. Insert into instructor values (10211, ’Smith’, ’Biology’, 66000);

What type of statement is this ?

a) Query b) DML c) Relational d) DDL

38. Updates that violate __________ are disallowed .

a) Integrzity constraints b) Transaction control c) Authorization d) DDL constraints

39. Relational Algebra is a __________ query language that takes two relation as input and
produces another relation as output of the query.

a) Relational b) Structural c) Procedural d) Fundamental

40. Which of the following is a fundamental operation in relational algebra ?

a) Set intersection b) Natural join c) Assignment d) None of the mentioned

41. Which of the following is used to denote the selection operation in relational algebra ?

a) Pi (Greek) b) Sigma (Greek) c) Lambda (Greek) d) Omega (Greek)

42. The ___________ operation, denoted by −, allows us to find tuples that are in one
relation but are not in another.

a) Union b) Set-difference c) Difference d) Intersection

43. Which is a unary operation:

a) Selection operation b) Primitive operation

c) Projection operation d) Generalized selection

44. Which is a join condition contains an equality operator:

a) Equijoins b) Cartesian c) Natural d) Left

45. In precedence of set operators the expression is evaluated from

a) Left to left b) Left to right c) Right to left d) From user specification

46. Which of the following is not outer join ?

a) Left outer join b) Right outer join c) Full outer join d) None of these
47. The assignment operator is denoted by

a) -> b) <- c) = d) ==

48. Which of the following is the comparison operator in tuple relational calculus

a) ⇒ b) = c) ε d) All of the mentioned

49. A set of possible data values is called

a) Attribute b) Degree c) Tuple d) Domain

50. An________ is a set of entities of the same type that share the same properties, or
attributes .

a) Entity set b) Attribute set c) Relation set d) Entity model

51. Entity is a

a) Object of relation b) Present working model

c) Thing in real world d) Model of relation

52. The descriptive property possessed by each entity set is _________ .

a) Entity b) Attribute c) Relation d) Model

53. The function that an entity plays in a relationship is called that entity’s _____________.

a) Participation b) Position c) Role d) Instance

54. The attribute name could be structured as a attribute consisting of first name, middle
initial, and last name . This type of attribute is called

a) Simple attribute b) Composite attribute

c) Multivalued attribute d) Derived attribute

55. The attribute AGE is calculated from DATE_OF_BIRTH . The attribute AGE is

a) Single valued b) Multi valued c) Composite d) Derived

56. Not applicable condition can be represented in relation entry as

a) NA b) 0 c) NULL d) Blank Space

57. Which of the following can be a multivalued attribute ?

a) Phone_number b) Name c) Date_of_birth d) All of the mentioned

58. Which of the following is a single valued attribute

a) Register_number b) Address c) SUBJECT TAKEN d) Reference

59. In a relation between the entities the type and condition of the relation should be
specified . That is called as______attribute

a) Desciptive b) Derived c) Recursive d) Relative

60. An entity in A is associated with at most one entity in B, and an entity in B is associated
with at most one entity in A.This is called as

a) One-to-many b) One-to-one c) Many-to-many d) Many-to-one

61.An entity in A is associated with at most one entity in B. An entity in B, however, can be
associated with any number (zero or more) of entities in A.

a) One-to-many b) One-to-one c) Many-to-many d) Many-to-one

62. Data integrity constraints are used to:

a) Control who is allowed access to the data

b) Ensure that duplicate records are not entered into the table

c) Improve the quality of data entered for a specific property

d) Prevent users from changing the values stored in the table

63. Establishing limits on allowable property values, and specifying a set of acceptable,
predefined options that can be assigned to a property are examples of:

a) Attributes b) Data integrity constraints

c) Method constraints d) Referential integrity constraints

64. Which of the following can be addressed by enforcing a referential integrity constraint?

a) All phone numbers must include the area code

b) Certain fields are required (such as the email address, or phone number) before the record
is accepted

c) Information on the customer must be known before anything can be sold to that customer

d) Then entering an order quantity, the user must input a number and not some text (i.e., 12
rather than ‘a dozen’)

65. ______ is a special type of integrity constraint that relates two relations & maintains
consistency across the relations.

a) Entity Integrity Constraints b) Referential Integrity Constraints

c) Domain Integrity Constraints d) Domain Constraints

66. Which one of the following uniquely identifies the elements in the relation?

a) Secondary Key b) Primary key c) Foreign key d) Composite key

67. Drop Table cannot be used to drop a table referenced by a _________ constraint.

a) Local Key b) Primary Key c) Composite Key d) Foreign Key

68. ____________ is preferred method for enforcing data integrity

a) Constraints b) Stored Procedure c) Triggers d) Cursors

69. Which of the following gives a logical structure of the database graphically ?

a) Entity-relationship diagram b) Entity diagram

c) Database diagram d) Architectural representation

70. The entity relationship set is represented in E-R diagram as

a) Double diamonds b) Undivided rectangles c) Dashed lines d) Diamond

71.The Rectangles divided into two parts represents

a) Entity set b) Relationship set c) Attributes of a relationship set d) Primary key

72. Consider a directed line(->) from the relationship set advisor to both entity sets instructor
and student. This indicates _________ cardinality

a) One to many b) One to one c) Many to many d) Many to one

73. We indicate roles in E-R diagrams by labeling the lines that connect ___________ to
__________.

a) Diamond , diamond b) Rectangle, diamond c) Rectangle, rectangle d) Diamond,

rectangle

74. An entity set that does not have sufficient attributes to form a primary key is termed a
__________ .

a) Strong entity set b) Variant set c) Weak entity set d) Variable set

75. For a weak entity set to be meaningful, it must be associated with another entity set,
called the

a) Identifying set b) Owner set c) Neighbour set d) Strong entity set

76. Weak entity set is represented as

a) Underline b) Double line c) Double diamond d) Double rectangle

77. The total participation by entities is represented in E-R diagram as

a) Dashed line b) Double line c) Double rectangle d) Circle

78. Which of the following indicates the maximum number of entities that can be involved in
a relationship?

a) Minimum cardinality b) Maximum cardinality c) ERD d) Greater Entity Count

79.In E-R diagram generalization is represented by

a) Ellipse b) Dashed ellipse c) Rectangle d) Triangle

80.What is a relationship called when it is maintained between two entities?

a) Unary b) Binary c) Ternary d) Quaternary

81. Which of the following is a low level operator?

a) Insert b) Update c) Delete d) Directory

82. Key to represent relationship between tables is called

a) Primary key b) Secondary Key c) Foreign Key d) None of the mentioned

83.A window into a portion of a database is

a) Schema b) View c) Query d) Data dictionary

84. A primary key is combined with a foreign key creates

a) Parent-Child relation ship between the tables that connect them

b) Many to many relationship between the tables that connect them

c) Network model between the tables that connect them

d) None of the mentioned

85. Which relationship is used to represent a specialization entity ?

a) ISA b) AIS c) ONIS d) WHOIS

86. The refinement from an initial entity set into successive levels of entity subgroupings
represents a ________ design process in which distinctions are made explicit.

a) Hierarchy b) Bottom-up c) Top-down d) Radical

87. A _____________ constraint requires that an entity belong to no more than one lower-
level entity set.

a) Disjointness b) Uniqueness c) Special d) Relational

88. The completeness constraint may be one of the following: Total generalization or
specialization , Partial generalization or specialization . Which is the default ?

a) Total b) Partial c) Should be specified d) Cannot be determined

89. Functional dependencies are a generalization of

a) Key dependencies b) Relation dependencies

c) Database dependencies d) None of the mentioned

90. Which of the following is another name for weak entity?

a) Child b) Owner c) Dominant d) All of the mentioned

91. A domain is ______ if elements of the domain are considered to be indivisible units.

a) Atomic b) Subatomic c) Substructure d) Subset

92. Identify the composite attributes

a) Salary b) Credits c) Section_id d) None of the mentioned

93. Which one is based on multi-valued dependency:

a) First b) Second c) Third d) Fourth

94.If a relation is in BCNF, then it is also in

a) 1 NF b) 2 NF c) 3 NF d) All of the mentioned

95. If every non-key attribute is functionally depedent primary key, then the relation will be
in

a) First normal form b) Second normal form c) Third form d) Fourth normal form

96. If an attribute of a composite key is dependent on an attribute of the other composite

key, a normalization called _____ is needed.

a) DKNF b) BCNF c) Fourth d) Third

97.The term for information that describes what type of data is available in a database is:

a) Data dictionary b) data repository c) Index data d) Metadata

98. A data type that creates unique numbers for key columns in Microsoft Access is:

a) Autonumber b) Boolean c) Sequential key d) Sequential number

99.A dependency exist between two columns when

a) Together they constitute a composite key for the table

b) Knowing the value in one column determines the value stored in another column

c) The table is in 3NF d) Together they constitute a foreign key

100. In the __________ normal form, a composite attribute is converted to individual

attributes.

A) First B) Second C) Third D) Fourth

101. Which of the following relational algebra operations do not require the participating
tables to be union-compatible?
(A) Union (B) Intersection (C) Difference (D) Join
102. Which of the following is not a property of transactions?
(A) Atomicity (B) Concurrency (C) Isolation (D) Durability

103. Relational Algebra does not have

(A) Selection operator. (B) Projection operator. (C) Aggregation operators.

(D) Division operator.

104. Checkpoints are a part of

(A) Recovery measures. (B) Security measures.

(C ) Concurrency measures. (D) Authorization measures.

105. Tree structures are used to store data in

(A) Network model. (B) Relational model.

(C) Hierarchical model. (D) File based system.

106. The language that requires a user to specify the data to be retrieved without specifying
exactly how to get it is
(A) Procedural DML. (B) Non-Procedural DML.

(C) Procedural DDL. (D) Non-Procedural DDL.

107. Precedence graphs help to find a

(A) Serializable schedule. (B) Recoverable schedule.

(C) Deadlock free schedule. (D) Cascadeless schedule.

108. Which of the following relational algebra operations do not require the participating

tables to be union-compatible?

(A) Union (B) Intersection (C) Difference (D) Join

109. Which of the following is not a property of transactions?

(A) Atomicity (B) Concurrency (C) Isolation (D) Durability

110. The language that requires a user to specify the data to be retrieved without specifying
exactly how to get it is

(A) Procedural DML. (B) Non-Procedural DML. (C) Procedural DDL. (D) Non-Procedural DDL.

111. What are the desirable properties of a decomposition

(A) Partition constraint. (B) Dependency preservation. (C) Redundancy. (D) Security

112. In an E-R diagram double lines indicate

(A) Total participation. (B) Multiple participation. (C) Cardinality N. (D) None of the above.

113. The metadata is created by the

(A) DML compiler (B) DML pre-processor (C) DDL interpreter (D) Query interpreter

114. The default level of consistency in SQL is

(A) repeatable read (B) read committed (C) read uncommitted (D) serializable

115. If the closure of an attribute set is the entire relation then the attribute set is a

(A) superkey (B) candidate key (C) primary key (D) not a key

116. DROP is a ______________ statement in SQL.

(A) Query (B) Embedded SQL (C) DDL (D) DCL

117. Which of the following concurrency control schemes is not based on the

serializability property?

(A) Two – phase locking (B) Graph-based locking

(C) Time-stamp based locking (D) None of these .

118. Which of the following is a reason to model data?

(A) Understand each user’s perspective of data

(B) Understand the data itself irrespective of the physical representation

(C) Understand the use of data across application areas (D) All of the above

119. If an entity can belong to only one lower level entity then the constraint is

(A) disjoint (B) partial (C) overlapping (D) single

120. In SQL, testing whether a subquery is empty is done using

(A) DISTINCT (B) UNIQUE (C) NULL (D) EXISTS

121. _______ operator is used to compare a value to a list of literals values that have been

specified.

(A) Like (B) COMPARE (C) BETWEEN (D) IN

122. Isolation of the transactions is ensured by

(A) Transaction management (B) Application programmer

(C) Concurrency control (D) Recovery management

123. An advantage of views is

(A) Data security (B) Derived columns (C) Hiding of complex queries (D) All of the above

124. Which of the following constitutes a basic set of operations for manipulating relational
data?
(A) Predicate calculus (B) Relational calculus
(C) Relational algebra (D) SQL

125. Which is the best file organization when data is frequently added or deleted from a
file?

(A) Sequential (B) Direct

(C) Index sequential (D) None of the above

126. In the relational modes, cardinality is termed as:

(A) Number of tuples. (B) Number of attributes. (C) Number of tables. (D) Number of constraints.
127. Relational calculus is a
(A) Procedural language. (B) Non- Procedural language.
(C) Data definition language. (D) High level language.
128. The view of total database content is
(A) Conceptual view. (B) Internal view. (C) External view. (D) Physical View.
129. Cartesian product in relational algebra is
(A) a Unary operator. (B) a Binary operator. (C) a Ternary operator. (D) not defined.
130. DML is provided for
(A) Description of logical structure of database.
(B) Addition of new structures in the database system.
(C) Manipulation & processing of database.
(D) Definition of physical structure of database system.
131. ‘AS’ clause is used in SQL for
(A) Selection operation. (B) Rename operation. (C) Join operation. (D) Projection operation.
132. ODBC stands for
(A) Object Database Connectivity. (B) Oral Database Connectivity.
(C) Oracle Database Connectivity. (D) Open Database Connectivity.

133. Architecture of the database can be viewed as

(A) two levels. (B) four levels. (C) three levels. (D) one level.
134. In a relational model, relations are termed as
(A) Tuples. (B) Attributes (C) Tables. (D) Rows.
135. In the architecture of a database system external level is the
(A) physical level (B) logical level (C) conceptual level (D) view level.
136. An entity set that does not have sufficient attributes to form a primary key is a
(A) strong entity set. (B) weak entity set.(C) simple entity set. (D) primary entity set.
137. In a Hierarchical model records are organized as
(A) Graph. (B) List. (C) Links. (D) Tree.
138. In an E-R diagram attributes are represented by
(A) rectangle. (B) square. (C) ellipse. (D) triangle.
139. In case of entity integrity, the primary key may be
(A) not Null (B) Null (C) both Null & not Null. (D) any value.
140. The language used in application programs to request data from the DBMS is referred
to as the
(A) DML (B) DDL (C) VDL (D) SDL
141 A logical schema
(A) is the entire database.
(B) is a standard way of organizing information into accessible parts.
(C) describes how data is actually stored on disk.
(D) both (A) and (C)
142 Related fields in a database are grouped to form a
(A) data file. (B) data record. (C) menu. (D) bank.
143The database environment has all of the following components except:
(A) users. (B) separate files. (C) database. (D) database administrator.
144 The language which has recently become the defacto standard for interfacing application
programs with relational database system is
(A) Oracle. (B) SQL. (C) DBase. (D) 4GL.
145 The way a particular application views the data from the database that the application
uses is a
(A) module. (B) relational model. (C) schema. (D) sub schema.
146 In an E-R diagram an entity set is represent by a
(A) rectangle. (B) ellipse. (C) diamond box. (D) circle.
147. A report generator is used to
(A) update files. (B) print files on paper. (C) data entry. (D) delete files.
148. The property / properties of a database is / are :
(A) It is an integrated collection of logically related records.
(B) It consolidates separate files into a common pool of data records.
(C) Data stored in a database is independent of the application programs using it.
(D) All of the above.
149. The DBMS language component which can be embedded in a program is
(A) The data definition language (DDL).
(B) The data manipulation language (DML).
(C) The database administrator (DBA).
(D) A query language.
150 A relational database developer refers to a record as
(A) a criteria. (B) a relation. (C) a tuple. (D) an attribute.
151. The relational model feature is that there
(A) is no need for primary key data.
(B) is much more data independence than some other database models.
(C) are explicit relationships among records. (D) are tables with many dimensions.
152. Conceptual design
(A) is a documentation technique.
(B) needs data volume and processing frequencies to determine the size of the database.
(C) involves modelling independent of the DBMS. (D) is designing the relational model.
153. The method in which records are physically stored in a specified order according to a key
field in each record is
(A) hash. (B) direct. (C) sequential. (D) all of the above.
154. A subschema expresses
(A) the logical view. (B) the physical view. (C) the external view. (D) all of the above.
155. Count function in SQL returns the number of
(A) values. (B) distinct values. (C) groups. (D) columns.
156. Which one of the following statements is false?
(A) The data dictionary is normally maintained by the database administrator.
(B) Data elements in the database can be modified by changing the data dictionary.
(C) The data dictionary contains the name and description of each data element.
(D) The data dictionary is a tool used exclusively by the database administrator.
157. An advantage of the database management approach is
(A) data is dependent on programs. (B) data redundancy increases.
(C) data is integrated and can be accessed by multiple programs. (D) none of the above.
158. A DBMS query language is designed to
(A) support end users who use English-like commands.
(B) support in the development of complex applications software.
(C) specify the structure of a database.
(D) all of the above.
159. Transaction processing is associated with everything below except
(A) producing detail, summary, or exception reports. (B) recording a business activity.
(C) confirming an action or triggering a response. (D) maintaining data.
160. It is possible to define a schema completely using
(A) VDL and DDL. (B) DDL and DML. (C) SDL and DDL. (D) VDL and DML.
161. The method of access which uses key trAnsformation is known as
(A) direct. (B) hash. (C) random. (D) sequential.
162. Data independence meAns
(A) data is defined separately and not included in programs.
(B) programs are not dependent on the physical attributes of data.
(C) programs are not dependent on the logical attributes of data.
(D) both (B) and (C).
163. The statement in SQL which allows to change the definition of a table is
(A) Alter. (B) Update. (C) Create. (D) select.
164. E-R model uses this symbol to represent weak entity set ?
(A) Dotted rectangle. (B) Diamond (C) Doubly outlined rectangle (D) None of these
165. SET concept is used in :
(A) Network Model (B) Hierarchical Model
(C) Relational Model (D) None of these

166. Relational Algebra is

(A) Data Definition Language (B) Meta Language (C) Procedural query Language (D) None of these
167. Key to represent relationship between tables is called
(A) Primary key (B) Secondary Key (C) Foreign Key (D) None of these
168. _______ produces the relation that has attributes of R1 and R2
(A) Cartesian product (B) Difference (C) Intersection D) Product
169. The file organization that provides very fast access to any arbitrary record of a file is
(A) Ordered file (B) Unordered file (C) Hashed file (D) B-tree
170. DBMS helps achieve
(A) Data independence (B) Centralized control of data
(C) Neither (A) nor (B) (D) both (A) and (B)
171. Which of the following are the properties of entities?
(A) Groups (B) Table (C) Attributes (D) Switchboards
172. In a relation
(A) Ordering of rows is immaterial (B) No two rows are identical
(C) (A) and (B) both are true (D) None of these.
173. Which of the following is correct:
(A) a SQL query automatically eliminates duplicates.
(B) SQL permits attribute names to be repeated in the same relation.
(C) a SQL query will not work if there are no indexes on the relations
(D) None of these
174. It is better to use files than a DBMS when there are
(A) Stringent real-time requirements.
(B) Multiple users wish to access the data.
(C) Complex relationships among data.
(D) All of the above.
175. The conceptual model is
(A) dependent on hardware. (B) dependent on software.
(C) dependent on both hardware and software . (D) independent of both hardware and software.
176. What is a relationship called when it is maintained between two entities?
(A) Unary (B) Binary (C) Ternary (D) Quaternary
177. Which of the following operation is used if we are interested in only certain columns of a
table?
(A) PROJECTION (B) SELECTION (C) UNION (D) JOIN
178. Which of the following is a valid SQL type?
(A) CHARACTER (B) NUMERIC (C) FLOAT (D) All of the above
179. The RDBMS terminology for a row is
(A) tuple. (B) relation. (C) attribute. D) degree.
180. Which of the following operations need the participating relations to be union compatible?
(A) UNION (B) INTERSECTION (C) DIFFERENCEqq (D) All of the above
181. The full form of DDL is
(A Dynamic Data Language (B) Detailed Data Language
(C) Data Definition Language (D) Data Derivation Language
182. Which of the following is an advantage of view?
(A) Data security (B) Derived columns (C) Hiding of complex queries (D) All of the above
183. Which of the following is a legal expression in SQL?
(A) SELECT NULL FROM EMPLOYEE; (B) SELECT NAME FROM EMPLOYEE;
(C) SELECT NAME FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE SALARY = NULL; (D) None of the above
184. The users who use easy-to-use menu are called
(A) Sophisticated end users. (B) Naïve users. (C) Stand-alone users. (D) Casual end users.
185. Which database level is closest to the users?
(A) External (B) Internal (C) Physical (D) Conceptual
186. Which are the two ways in which entities can participate in a relationship?
(A) Passive and active (B) Total and partial (C) Simple and Complex (D) All of the above
187 The result of the UNION operation between R1 and R2 is a relation that includes
(A) all the tuples of R1
(B) all the tuples of R2
(C) all the tuples of R1 and R2
(D) all the tuples of R1 and R2 which have common columns
188.Which of the following is a comparison operator in SQL?
(A) = (B) LIKE (C) BETWEEN (D) All of the above
189. Cartesian product in relational algebra is
(A) a Unary operator. (B) a Binary operator. (C) a Ternary operator. (D) not defined.
190. ‘AS’ clause is used in SQL for
(A) Selection operation. (B) Rename operation. (C) Join operation. (D) Projection operation.
191. Architecture of the database can be viewed as
(A) two levels. (B) four levels. (C) three levels. (D) one level
192. In a relational model, relations are termed as
(A) Tuples. (B) Attributes (C) Tables. (D) Rows.
193. In the architecture of a database system external level is the
(A) physical level. (B) logical level. (C) conceptual level (D) view level.
194. An entity set that does not have sufficient attributes to form a primary key is a
(A) strong entity set. (B) weak entity set. (C) simple entity set. (D) primary entity set.
195. In a Hierarchical model records are organized as
(A) Graph. (B) List. (C) Links. (D) Tree
196. The way a particular application views the data from the database that the application
uses is a
(A) module. (B) relational model. (C) schema. (D) sub schema.
197. A report generator is used to
(A) update files. (B) print files on paper. (C) data entry. (D) delete files.

198. The method in which records are physically stored in a specified order according to a key
field in each record is
(A) hash. (B) direct. (C) sequential. (D) all of the above.

199. Count function in SQL returns the number of

(A) values. (B) distinct values. (C) groups. (D) columns.

200. Which one of the following statements is false?

(A) The data dictionary is normally maintained by the database administrator.
(B) Data elements in the database can be modified by changing the data dictionary.
(C) The data dictionary contains the name and description of each data element.
(D) The data dictionary is a tool used exclusively by the database administrator.