9 VI June 2021

https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36068
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue VI June 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

Smart Street Lighting System using IoT and Cloud

Computing
J. Nausicaa
UG Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Abstract: Street lights account for the maximum energy expense for any city. A smart street lighting system can cut out lighting
costs by almost 70%. A smart street lighting system is a system that adjusts light output based on usage and movement, i.e.,
automatically detecting movements of either pedestrians or vehicles in the vicinity. For effective street light management, we
propose installing a wireless-based system to remotely track and control the energy consumption of street lights of a particular
city in real-time and take necessary energy conservation measures through power conditioning and adaptive control. The
proposed system should be installed on the street light poles which consist of a wireless module that continuously transmits data
to back-end IT systems where we can uninterruptedly monitor the condition of the lights. We can control the LED street lighting
based on traffic flow in that particular area. The data from the system can be transferred to a central server using wireless
technology and Cloud to have global access to the system. We can automate the system to switch on or off the lights at specific
timings. We can also easily identify any glitches or failures in our system because everything is connected over the Internet.
Keywords: Smart Street Lights, IoT (Internet of Things), Cloud Computing.

I. INTRODUCTION
Streetlights are an elemental part of any city since it facilitates better night visions, secure roads and exposure to the public area but
it consumes a large portion of electricity. In the existing system, the lights are powered on from sunset to sunrise even when there is
sufficient light available. We can avoid this energy wastage by switching off the lights automatically. The saved energy can be
efficiently utilized for residential, commercial, and transportation purposes. This paper aims to propose a system that conserves
energy and reduces the manpower involved in the process.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

The author used smart embedded systems to control the street lights based on the detection of vehicles or other obstacles on the
street by using an IR transmitter and IR Receiver couple to sense an approaching vehicle in [1]. This paper focuses on controlling
the intensity of light considering object movement near the lights. Light sensors and photoelectric sensors are used to detect sunlight
and in the absence of it, the system automatically switches on the lights [2]. The authors propose an adaptive solution that can be
implemented in any city where all the street lights are connected to a central server using the Internet and it can be monitored in
real-time to check for any glitches or system failures.
They can also transmit information about the pollution levels in that locality using temperature and humidity sensors and air quality
sensors [3]. The idea of environment adaptive street lights had put forward in [4] where we can monitor traffic as well as watch the
entire system using a surveillance camera fixed on the lamp posts. The author describes an intelligent smart monitoring street light
system in [5] and Cloud Computing is used to read the data and update the data whenever needed. A Web-based standalone
application is used for controlling and monitoring the lights. In this paper, the wireless microcontroller i.e. NodeMCU is connected
to a smartphone, and Blynk IoT services are used as the server to provide an interface between the lights and users[6]. An agent-
based traffic management system with mobile agent technology is proposed in [7]. The urban traffic management system uses
intelligent traffic clouds for decision support and aids in coping with Big Data. In [9], the authors design an energy-saving solution
using a smart embedded system and uses the IR transmitter-receiver couple to sense an approaching vehicle. In [10], the proposed
system detects vehicle movement and switches ON only a cluster of lights ahead of the vehicle and switches OFF the lights trailing
after the vehicle. They suggest using a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) to detect the amount of light in the surroundings and a
photo-electric sensor to check for the presence/absence of a vehicle. The authors proposed an economical solution for street light
control and monitoring by integrating the system with a Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) [11]. A system is proposed where
the lampposts are furnished with a ZigBee device and they receive control information from the base server where the pedestrians'
locations are periodically stored [12].

©IJRASET: All Rights are Reserved 5014

 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue VI June 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM

In the proposed system, the manpower is reduced by introducing automatic switching of the street lights. Energy consumption is
also reduced so there is the reduction of CO2 emission. It is a wireless communication system so the maintenance cost is also
reduced. We use Light Emitting Diodes(LED) that consume a very minimal amount of electricity and it is a very efficient alternative
for the traditional HID lamps that consume a lot of power. Using the Cayenne application from My Devices, we can easily control
the lights with just a tap on our phones/computers. We are using the concept of home automation services but on a larger scale.
We propose to use Cloud to store and manage all the data that the street lights generate. The data being generated by all the street
lights collectively is Big Data, which cannot be computed using existing conventional methods. To analyze the data efficiently and
get useful information out of the meta-data, Cloud Computing is required.

IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 1. Block Diagram.

The block diagram given above explains the overall working of the proposed system where the street lights can be controlled using
back-end IT systems. The NodeMCU ESP8266 has Wi-Fi capability and it is connected to the single-channel relay using connecting
wires and the relay here is used for switching purposes i.e. to switch on or off the lights. NodeMCU is interfaced with the Cayenne
App in the computer/phone using a USB cable. In the app, we can see the status of the lights and switch on by tapping the power
ON button. The Cloud is used to manage the data that is being generated by the street lights. Since numerous lights are connected,
the amount of data generated is Big Data. To efficiently manage and store this data, we are using the Cloud Interface.

V. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 2. Circuit Diagram.

Vin is used to powering the NodeMCU board and here we are using a 5V output. The mini USB cable is connected to the board and
any signal from the back-end computer/ smartphone will be passed through the D5 pin to the single-channel relay module. The relay
is used to power on/off the bulb.

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue VI June 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

VI. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

1) NodeMCU ESP8266: NodeMCU is an open-source Lua-based firmware and development board specifically targeted for IoT-
based applications. The firmware runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems, and the hardware is based on the
ESP-12 module. It is used for prototyping IoT devices and is also applicable for low-power battery-operated applications.

Fig 3. Development Board.

2) Single-Channel Relay: A relay is an electromagnetic switch operated by a small current that can control a larger current. IN pin
is used to control the relay. It is an active low pin, which means that the relay will be activated when you pull the LOW pin and
it will become inactive when you pull the HIGH pin. VCC pin supplies power to the module.

Fig 4. 1-Channel Relay.

3) LED: A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source and when current flows through it, it emits light. Electrons
from the semiconductor combine with electron holes and release energy in the form of photons. The color of the light is
determined by the energy requirement of electrons to cross the bandgap of the semiconductor. White light is obtained with
multiple semiconductors or by using a layer of light-emitting phosphor on the semiconductor devices.

Fig 5. LED

4) Connecting Wires: Connecting wires allow an electrical current to travel from one point on a circuit to another because
electricity needs a medium through which it can move. The connecting wires are mostly made up of copper or aluminum.
5) Mini USB Cable: Universal Serial Bus is a standard that establishes specifications for cables and connectors and protocols for
connection, communication, and power supply between computers, peripherals, and other computers.

Fig 6. Mini USB Cable

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue VI June 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

VII. ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

A. Automatic switching of street lights.
B. Maintenance cost reduction.
C. Reduction in CO2 emission.
D. Wireless communication.
E. Efficient energy consumption.
F. Reduction of Manpower.
G. Easy to identify faults

VIII. WORKING PRINCIPLE AND OUTPUT

Fig 7. Snapshot of the hardware

Our prototype uses a relay to switch on/off the bulb. The NodeMCU gives signals to the 1-channel relay to operate the bulb. The
NodeMCU is programmed and interfaced with the Cayenne App and works on local Wi-Fi so we can control the switching
mechanism through the app.

Fig 8. Cayenne App Login

Fig 9. Powering ON the Bulb

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue VI June 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com

Fig 10. ON State

IX. CONCLUSION AND FUTURESCOPE

We live in an increasingly data-driven world. By implementing Cloud Computing, IoT, and data analytics technology, we can
hopefully reduce traffic congestion, better pedestrian safety, tackle crime and save money. Most importantly, the smart city systems
don’t just reveal what’s happening today. They could predict incidents of the future, helping cities have more productive and
powerful planning strategies. The intelligent street lighting system described, integrates new technologies, offering ease of
maintenance and energy savings. This is obtained by using the highly economic LED technology and by using the intelligent
management of the lamp posts. The proposed system is apt for street lighting in both urban and rural areas depending on the vehicle
and pedestrian maneuver. Independence of the power network permits to implement it in the areas which are remote where the
classical systems are prohibitively expensive. The Smart Street Lighting System is versatile, fully scalable, and adaptive to user
needs.

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