CLASS

VI

2022-23
 INDEX
S.No. Chapter Page No.

1. KNOWING OUR NUMBERS 1

2. WHOLE NUMBERS 6

3. PLAYING WITH NUMBERS 11

4. BASIC GEOMETRICAL IDEAS 17

5. UNDERSTANDING ELEMENTARY SHAPES 30

6. INTEGERS 41

7. FRACTIONS 47

8. DECIMALS 54

9. DATA HANDLING 61

10. MENSURATION 72

11. ALGEBRA 82

12. RATIO AND PROPORTION 87

13. SYMMETRY 93

14. PRACTICAL GEOMETRY 99

 Chapter-1
Knowing Our Numbers
Points to Remember:

 Natural Numbers:
Counting numbers are called natural numbers 1, 2, 3, …. are called natural
numbers. 1 is the smallest natural number.
 Place value:
The place value of a digit depends upon its position in the number.
For e.g.:- The place value of 5 in 4567 is 500.
 Face value:
Each digit has its fixed face value, independent of its place in the number.
For e.g. :- The face value of 5 in 4567 is 5.
 Rounding off the number to the nearest 10, 100, 1000 etc.
1, 2, 3, 4 are numbers nearer to 0 than 10, so they are rounded off to 0.
6, 7, 8, 9 are numbers nearer to 10 than 0, so they are rounded off to 10.
Number 5 is equidistant from 0 and 10, but it is rounded off to 10.

For example: Round off 86512 to nearest:

1. Tens 86510
2. Hundreds 86500
3. Thousands 87000

 ROMAN NUMERALS:
Roman Numerals are expressed by letters of the English alphabet.
I V X L C D M
1 5 10 50 100 500 1000

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 TRICK TO REMEMBER:

My Dear Cow, Loves Xtra Vegetables Immensely.

M(1,000), D(500), C(100), L(50), X(10), V(5), I(1)

 USE OF BRACKETS:
Brackets are symbols used in pairs to group things together.
Types of Brackets
Parentheses or round brackets ( )
Square brackets []
Angled brackets <>
Braces or curly brackets {}

SEE THE DIFFERENCE

(3 + 2) × (6 – 4) 3 + (2 × 6) – 4
=(5) × (2) = 3+12-4=
=5×2 = 11
=10

QUESTIONS:

1. Make the greatest 5-digit number, using the digits 6, 2,5,8,4 only once.
2. Find the product of the place value of two 3’s in 534370.
3. Make the smallest 5 -digit number, using the digits 7, 9,3,8,5 only once.
4. Find the sum of the place values of two 5’s in 75450.
5. Find the value of:45 × (14 ˗ 9)
6. Write 24 in Roman numerals.
7. How many thousands are there in two lakhs?
8. Find the value of: 80 + (15 × 4)
9. A student Ajit’s height is 1m 29 cm. Find his height in cm.

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10. Find the number: 7 ×10000 + 5 ×1000 + 4 × 100 + 8 × 10.
11. Find the difference between smallest 4 -digit number and largest 4 -digit
number.
12. How many seconds make 7 minutes?
13. Simplify: 48 + 5 × 4 –(24 + 6) - 7
14. How many metres should be added to 24 km 450m to make 30 km 550m?
15. Ravi had ` 75500. He gave ` 5350 to Garima and ` 15,150 to Ramesh. How
much money is left with Ravi?
16. Prakash buys 10 notebooks and 20 pens. If the cost of one notebook is ` 35
and cost of one pen be ` 10, how much money did he spend?
17. Find the sum of smallest 3 - digit number and largest 4 -digit number.
18. How many milliliters make a liter?
19. How many centimetres make 18 metres?
20. A box contains 40000 toffees, each toffee weighs 5gm .What is the total
weight of the box in kg?
21. There are 48 pages in a notebook. How many pages are there in 20 such
notebooks?
22. Arrange in ascending order:-
4379, 4739, 4397, 4793
23. Arrange in descending order:-
43251, 43521, 43125, 43152
24. Arrange in ascending order :-
27643, 26743, 27634, 24736
25. Arrange in descending order :-
1548, 1584, 1854, 1845
26. Make the largest 4-digit number using the digits 3,5,7,0.
27. Take two digits 0 and 1. Make the greatest 4 -digit number using both the
digits equal number of times.
28. Take two digits 0 and 1. Make the smallest 4 -digit number using both the
digits equal number of times.
29. Write in Roman numerals :80

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30. The monthly salary of Rohit is ` 20975 and that of Reena is ` 15875. What is
the difference between their monthly salaries?
31. Manish multiplied 100 by 89 instead of multiplying by 79 .How much was his
answer greater than the correct answer?
32. Sangeeta types 25 pages per day. How many pages will she type in the month
of November?
33. How many times the digit 0 comes in 10 crores?
34. Anita's age is 48 years. How is her age represented in Roman system?
35. How many numbers are there containing 3 – digits?
36. The estimated value of 5784 - 437 is?
37. Write the number for the expanded form :-
2 × 10000 + 8 × 10 + 5 × 1
38. The distance between Delhi and Agra is 233 km. What is the distance in
metres?
39. Keeping the place of 5 unchanged in the number 537068, find the smallest
number obtained by rearranging other digits.
40. Estimate the quotient to the nearest tens: 74 divided by 8.

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Answers:
1. 86542 21. 960 pages
2. 9000000 22. 4379<4397<4739<4793
3. 35789 23. 43521>43251>43152>43125
4. 5050 24. 24736<26743<27634<27643
5. 225 25. 1854>1845>1584>1548
6. XXIV 26. 7530
7. 200 27. 1100
8. 140 28. 1001
9. 129cm 29. LXXX
10. 75480 30. ` 5100
11. 8999 31. 1000
12. 420 seconds 32. 750
13. 31 33. 8 times
14. 6100 m 34. XLVIII
15. ` 55000 35. 900
16. ` 550 36. 5400
17. 10099 37. 20085
18. 1000 ml 38. 233000 m
19. 1800 cm 39. 503678
20. 200 kg 40. 10

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 Chapter -2

Whole Numbers
Points to Remember:

 Whole Number: The natural number along with zero 0, form the collection
of whole numbers.
0 is the smallest whole number.
 Predecessor of number: Predecessor is that number which comes
Immediately before the given natural number. It’s obtained by subtracting 1
from the given number.
for e.g. Predecessor of 45 is 45-1=44
0 has no predecessor in whole number.
 Successor of a number: The successor of a whole number is the number
obtained by adding 1 to it.
For e.g. Successor of 45 is 45+1 = 46.
Every whole number has it’s successor.
 Representation of whole number on the number line

 Division of a whole numbers by zero is not defined.

 0 is called the ADDITIVE IDENTITY (because adding 0 to any number, does
not change the number).
 1 is called the MULTIPLICATIVE IDENTITY (because multiplying any
number with 1, does not change the number).

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  Dot patterns : We shall review some types of dot patterns of numbers:
(1) LINE: Every number can be arranged as a line.
E.g. The number 5 is shown as ●●●●●
(2) SQUARE :
E.g. The number 4 is shown as ●●
●●

(3) RECTANGLE :
E.g. The number 8 is shown as ●●●●
●●●●

(4) TRIANGLE :
E.g. The number 6 can be shown as ●
●●
●●●

Questions:

1. Determine the three consecutive whole numbers which come immediately

before 17999.
2. How many whole numbers are there between 25 and 65?
3. Find the predecessor of the smallest 3-digit number.
4. Find the sum of predecessor of smallest 3-digit number and successor of
greatest 3-digit number.
5. Find the product of successor and predecessor of 99.
6. Find the value of: 65×95+65×5.
7. Simplify: 169×20+169×40+169×30.
8. Find the product of: 824×4×25.
9. What is the sum of the original number and the new number if the digits 2
and 7 are interchanged in the number 2997?
10. Find the value of 1+2-3-4+5-6+7+8-9.

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11. What should be added to (70 × 20) so that the sum is (14750 ÷ 10)?
12. Find the successor of the largest number formed by using the digit 7,3,5,4,1
only once.
13. Ravi spends `450 on lunch and dinner. How much money he has to spend on
lunch and dinner for a week?
14. Find the value of: 735+ (150 ÷ 10).
15. Find the product of largest 4-digit number and smallest whole number.
16. A milkman supply 50 liters of milk on Monday. The next day, he supply 40
liters of milk. If the cost of milk be ` 75/ liter. How much did the milkman
earned?
17. Find the value of: 22765 × 145 – 22765 × 45.
18. If the cost of one bat is ` 500 and one ball is ` 50. Then find the cost of 40
bats and 40 balls.
19. The digit 2 and 3 of a number 73024 are interchanged. Find the difference
between the two numbers.
20. There are 70 boxes containing 25 bottles each. If 5 more bottles were added
in each box. Find the total number of bottles.
21. If 66 × 12 = 792, then find the value of 660 × 120.
22. Which least number should be added to 356, to make it exactly divisible by 5.
23. Which least number should be subtracted from 999 so that 33 divided the
new number exactly?
24. Find the product of smallest 3-digit number and its successor.
25. Find the value of:-437 × 149 + 437 × 21 – 437 × 70.
26. Find the product of largest one digit number and smallest 3-digit number.
27. How many times the digit 2 occurs in tens place in the whole numbers from
100 to 300?
28. Find the value of 2 × 3567 × 50.
29. The school canteen charges ` 20 for lunch and ` 5 for milk each day. How
much money will be charged in 8 days on these things?
30. Find the value of 1507 – (625/25).

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31. What is the difference between the predecessor and successor of the greatest
5-digit number?
32. What is the sum of the predecessor of 701 and successor of 299?
33. Find the value of: 3+7(5+1) ÷ 3-2.
34. Find the value of: 8937 × 648 + 8937 × 122 + 8937 × 230 .
35. What is the difference between the successor of the least 5-digit number and
the predecessor of the greatest 3-digit numbers?
36. The difference between 85 and the number obtained by reversing the digit is?
37. By using dot (.) patterns, which smaller 2-digit number can be arranged in
all the three ways namely a line, a triangle and a rectangle?
38. Find the value of: 𝟐𝟒 ÷ (𝟗 ÷ 𝟑).
39. A car driver filled his car petrol tank with 65 liters of petrol on Monday. On
Tuesday, he fills the tank 35 liters of petrol. If the cost of petrol be ` 89/liter.
How much did the driver spend?
40. Find the value of: 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟒𝟎 ÷ 𝟖 × 𝟐 − 𝟗.

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 Answers:

1. 17996, 17997, 17998 21. 79200

2. 39 22. 4
3. 99 23. 9
4. 1099 24. 10100
5. 9800 25. 43700
6. 6500 26. 900
7. 15210 27. 20
8. 82400 28. 356700
9. 10989 29. ` 200
10. 1 30. 1482
11. 75 31. 2
12. 75432 32. 1000
13. ` 3150 33. 15
14. 750 34. 8937000
15. 0 35. 9003
16. ` 6750 36. 27
17. 2276500 37. 10
18. ` 22000 38. 8
19. 990 39. ` 8900
20. 2100 40. 11

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 Chapter-3

Playing with numbers

Points to Remember:

 Factors of a number: A factor of a number is an exact divisor of that number.

For eg. 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 18 are factors of 18.

 Perfect number: The number which is equal to the sum of its proper factors.

For eg. 6 is a perfect number, as proper factors of 6 are: 1, 2, 3 and 6=1+2+3.

 Prime numbers: A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 which has
exactly two factors, 1 and itself.

 Composite numbers: Numbers with more than two factors.

 1 is neither prime nor composite (as it has only one factor)

 Co-primes: Number with only 1 as a common factor. For e.g. 9 and 14 are
co-primes.

 Twin primes: Two consecutive prime numbers, having a difference of 2.

eg. 3 and 5 are twin primes.

 Prime triplets: Three consecutive prime numbers, having a difference of 2.

e.g. 3,5,7

 Even number: Natural number that is exactly divisible by 2. For eg. 22, 456

 Odd numbers: Natural numbers that cannot be divided by 2 exactly e.g. 13,177

 Prime factorization: Prime factorization is the method of finding the factors of a

number that are all prime. Prime factorization of any number is unique.

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 Factor tree: Factor tree is a tool that breaks down any number into its prime
factors. For e.g. Factor tree of 48

 H.C.F. (Highest Common Factor): HCF of two or more numbers is the highest
common factor that divides all the given numbers exactly.

 L.C.M. (Least Common Multiple): LCM of two or more numbers is the

smallest/least number that is exactly divisible by the numbers.

 Product of two numbers = HCF × LCM

 Divisibility rules : A number is divisible by :

Number Divisibility rule

2 If last digit is 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8

3 If the sum of digits is divisible by 3

4 If the last two digits are divisible by 4

5 If the last digit is 0 or 5

6 If the number is divisible by 2 and 3

8 If last 3 digits are divisible by 8

9 If the sum of the digits is divisible by 9

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 10 If the last digit is 0

11 Subtract the last digit from the number formed by the remaining
digits. If new number is divisible by 11, the original number is
divisible by 11.

Questions:

1. Which is the smallest odd prime number?

2. How many prime numbers are there between1 to 50?
3. Find all pairs of prime numbers less than 15, whose difference is 2.
4. How many twin primes are there between 20 and 30?
5. Find the greatest 4 digit number divisible by 4.
6. Find the greatest 2 digit prime number.
7. Determine first five multiples of 12.
8. Find the HCF of 9 and 13.
9. Find the LCM of 12 and 15.
10. A vessel has 10 litres 500 ml of milk. In how many glasses each of capacity
150 ml can it be filled?
11. Find all numbers less than 60, which are common multiples of 2 and 3.
12. Find all prime numbers less than 15.
13. Determine all the factors of 27.
14. Find the missing number :-

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15. Complete the factor tree:-

16. Find the least number which when divided by 12, 16, 24 and 36 leaves the
remainder 7 in each case.
17. Three persons start walking at the same time. The lengths of their steps be
80cm, 85cm and 90cm respectively .Find the minimum distance that can be
measured in exact number of steps.
18. Find the sum of prime numbers between 1 and 10.
19. A machine, on an average, manufactures 250 screws a day. How many
screws did it manufacture in the month of November?
20. The Length, breadth and height of a room are 825cm, 675cm and 450 cm
respectively. Find the maximum length of tape that can measure all the
dimensions exact number of times.
21. Determine first five multiples of 9.
22. Find the HCF of 24 and 36.
23. Find the common factors of 4, 8 and 12.
24. Find the smallest 4 -digit number which is divisible by 6, 8 and 9.
25. Find the LCM of 12, 15 and 45.
26. Find the HCF of 27 and 63.
27. If a number is divisible by 10, then what is its one’s digit?
28. Find the largest 3 -digit number which is exactly divisible by 3.
29. Find the prime numbers between 90 and 100.

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30. 5*2 is a 3 -digit number with * as a missing digit. If the number is divisible
by 6, find the least value of the missing digit.
31. What least value should be given to * so that the number 6342*1 is divisible
by 3?
32. What least value should be given to * so that the number 915*26 is divisible
by 9?
33. Find the sum of prime numbers between 60 and 75.
34. If the HCF of two numbers is 16 and their product is 3072. Find their LCM.
35. What is the HCF of two co-prime numbers?
36. If the HCF and LCM of two numbers be 4 and 24 respectively. One of the
numbers is 8, then find another number.
37. How many prime numbers are there between 1 and 30?
38. Which of the following number is not a multiple of 27:- 1, 3, 9 and 6?
39. Which of the given numbers 4, 2, 3 and 8 is not a factor of 12?
40. Which of the given numbers 21, 12, 17 and 39 is a prime number?
41. Which of the following pairs of numbers are co-prime?
(30, 415), (17, 68), (16, 81) and (15,100).
42. Which of the given pair of numbers (7, 15), (12, 49), (18, 23) and (12, 21) are
not co-prime?
43. What is the HCF of 75, 60 and 210?
44. The numbers which have more than two factors are called_____.
45. If A is the 5th prime number and B is the 7th prime number then
what is B ˗ A?
46. Four bells ring at intervals of 6, 7, 8 and 9 seconds respectively. After how
many seconds do all the bells ring together?
47. What is the greatest number that divides 37, 50 and 123 leaving remainders
1, 2 and 3 respectively?
48. What is the least value that should be given to? so that the number 653? 47 is
divisible by 11?
49. The LCM of 64 and 48 is 192. What is the HCF of these numbers?
50. Find the sum of 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 +15?

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Answers:

1. 3 26. 9
2. 15 27. 0
3. (3,5), (5,7), (11,13) 28. 999
4. None 29. 97
5. 9996 30. 2
6. 97 31. 2
7. 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 32. 4
8. 1 33. 272
9. 60 34. 192
10. 70 35. 1
11. 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54 36. 12
12. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 37. 10
13. 1, 3, 9, 27 38. 6
14. 5, 2 39. 8
15. X=2, Y=30, Z=5 40. 17
16. 151 41. (16, 81)
17. 12240cm 42. (12, 21)
18. 17 43. 15
19. 7500 44. Composite numbers
20. 75cm 45. 6
21. 9, 18, 27, 36, 45 46. 504 seconds
22. 12 47. 12
23. 1, 2, 4 48. 1
24. 1008 49. 16
25. 180 50. 64

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 Chapter – 4

Basic Geometrical Ideas

Points to remember:

 Point: Point represents a definite location. It is drawn as a dot (.). It is denoted by

capital alphabets.

 Line Segment: It represents the shortest distance between two points. It has a
definite length.

 Line: It is a line segment that extends indefinitely in both the directions. It doesn’t
have definite length.

Line 𝓵 or ⃡𝐏𝐐 or ⃡𝐐𝐏

 Ray: It is a line segment that extends in only one direction.

Ray 𝐒𝐓
 Collinear Points: Three or more points are said to be collinear if they lie on a single
straight line.

F, G and H are collinear points.

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 Non-Collinear Points: Three or more points which don’t lie on same line are known
as non-collinear points.

A, B and C are non-collinear points.

 Angle: It is formed when two rays have a common
starting point, this common point is called the vertex of
the angle and the rays are called the arms of the
angle.𝐌𝐍 and 𝐌𝐋 are two arms of the angle ∠LMN.

 Intersecting Lines: Two distinct lines meeting (or appearing to meet) at a point are
called intersecting lines.

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 Parallel Lines: Two lines in a plane are said to be parallel if they never meet. Here,
⃡ .
⃡ ∥ 𝐂𝐃
AB and CD are parallel to each other. It is denoted by 𝐀𝐁

 Curve: A curve is a smooth flowing line with no shape changes. In mathematics, a

line is also a curve.

 Simple Curve: A simple curve is a curve that doesn’t cut itself.

For example: are simple curve.

 Closed and Open Curve: A curve is said to be closed if its ends are joined otherwise
it is said to be an open curve.

CLOSED CURVE OPEN CURVE

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 Simple Closed Curve: A closed curve which doesn’t intersect itself at any point.

Simple Closed Curve

 Polygon: A simple closed curve made up of line segments is called a polygon.

 Regular Polygon: A polygon whose all sides and all angles are equal.

 Triangle: A triangle is a three-sided polygon. Triangle has three vertices, three

sides and three angles.
Sides – AB, BC and CA
Angles – ∠ABC, ∠BCA and ∠CAB
Vertices – A, B and C

 Quadrilateral: A quadrilateral is a four-sided polygon. It has four sides AB, BC,

CD and DA, four vertices A, B, C and D, four angles ∠ABC, ∠BCD, ∠CDA and
∠DAB, two diagonals AC and BD.
AB and DC are opposite sides.
∠A and ∠C are opposite angles.
AB and BC are adjacent sides.

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 Circle: A circle is a path taken a point such that its distance from a fixed point is
always constant. The fixed distance is called the radius and the fixed point is the
center of the circle.

(i) Chord: A line segment joining any two points located on the circumference of
the circle.
(ii) Radius: A line segment joining a point on the circumference of the circle to the
centre of the circle.
(iii) Diameter: A chord passing through the centre of the circle. It is twice the
radius.
(iv) Sector: It is the region in the interior of the circle enclosed by an arc and a
pair of radii.
(v) Segment: A chord of a circle divides the circle into two regions, which are
called the segments of the circle.

Questions:
1. How many points are shown in the given figure?

2. How many lines can pass through one given point?

3. How many lines can pass through two given points?
4. Find the number of diagonals in a regular hexagon.
5. Determine the maximum number of points where three lines can intersect.

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6. Find the maximum number of points of intersection where four lines are drawn
in a plane.
7. How many circles can be drawn through two given points?
8. How many circles can be drawn through three non-collinear given points?
9. Name the pair of opposite sides in the given figure.

10. Name the pair of adjacent sides in the given figure.

11. Name the following in the given figure:

(i) Lines containing point E

(ii) Two pairs of intersecting lines
(iii) Rays with B as their starting point

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12. Name the following:
(i) The point in the interior of ∠DOE
(ii) The points exterior of ∠EOF
(iii) Rays starting from point O

13. (i) How many triangles are there? Name them.

(ii) How many angles are there?
(iii) How many line segments are there? Name
them.
(iv) Name the triangles that have ∠B as common.

14. From the given figure, find:

(i) The centre of the circle

(ii) Three radii
(iii) The diameter
(iv) Chords
15. Name the vertices and the line segments in the given figure.

16. Determine the number of diagonals of a pentagon.

17. Determine the number of diagonals of a octagon.

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18. How many angles are there in the given figure?

19. Determine the number of line segments in the given figure.

20. Find the number of triangles in the given figure.

21. Name the common points in the two angles marked in the figure.

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22. Find the number of triangles in the given figure.

23. If the diameter of a circle is 7.4 cm, find its radius.

24. If the radius of a circle is 2.3 cm, find its diameter.

From the figure, find (Q. No. 25 and 26)

25. pair of parallel lines

26. pair of intersecting lines
27. Name the parallel lines in the given figure.

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28. Find the number of line segments in the given figure.

29. Name the lines intersecting each other at B.

From the given figure, find (Q. No. 30 and 31)

30. The vertex opposite to side PQ.

31. Two angles having a common arm PQ.
32. Identify the collinear points.

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From the given figure, find (Q. No. 33 and 34)

33. Number of triangles.

34. Number of line segments.

From the given figure, find (Q. No. 35 to 37)

35. a chord which is also a diameter.

36. centre of the circle.
37. all radii

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38. Find the number of triangles in the given figure.

From the given figure, find (Q. No. 39 to 40)

39. Name the sides adjacent to HG.

40. Name the sides opposite to GF.

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Answers:

1. 8 16. 5
2. Infinite 17. 20
3. 1 18. 15
4. 9 [Hint : number of diagonals = 19. 10 [PQ, QR, RS, ST, PR, QS, RT,
𝒏 (𝒏−𝟑) PS, QT, PT]
]
𝟐
20. 5
5. 3
21. D, E, F, G
6. 6
22. 8
7. Infinite
23. 3.7 cm
8. 1
24. 4.6 cm
9. AB and CD , AD and BC
25. l3 and l4, l4 and l5, l5 and l3
10. PQ and QR, QR and RP, RP and
PQ 26. l1 and l2, l1 and l3, l1 and l4, l1 and
l5, l2 and l3, l2 and l4 and l2 and l5
11. (i) AE, EF
27. PQ ∥ SR, PS ∥ QR
(ii) CO and AE, EF and AE
28. 7
(iii) BA, BD, BC, BE, BO
29. DE and AC
12. (i) A (ii) A, C, D
(iii) OD, OE, OF 30. R

13. (i) 3 [∆ABC, ∆ABD, ∆ADC] 31. ∠PQR, ∠QPR

(ii) 8 32. H, R, U, S, A ; O, U, G and G, L,

A
(iii) 6 [AB, BD, AD, DC, AC, BC]
33. 8
(iv) ∆ABC, ∆ABD
34. 10
14. (i) O
35. AB
(ii) OA, OB, OC
36. M
(iii) CA
37. MA, MB, MP
(iv) DE, CA
38. 9
15. Vertices:- A, B, C, D, E Line
segments:- AB, BC, CD, DE, EA, 39. HE and GF

AC, AD 40. HE

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 Chapter – 5

Understanding Elementary Shapes

Points to remember:

 The length of a line segment is the distance between its end points.
 An angle is formed by the hands of a clock when they move from one position to
another.
 A reflex angle is larger than a straight angle (1800) and less than a complete angle
(3600).

 Two intersecting lines are perpendicular if the angle between them is 900.

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 Types of triangles:
(A) Based on sides:-
(i) Equilateral triangle:- All sides are equal.
(ii) Isosceles triangle:- Any two sides are equal.
(iii) Scalene triangle:- Three unequal sides.

(B) Based on angles:-

(i) Acute angled triangle:- All angles are acute (less than 900).
(ii) Obtuse angled triangle:- One angle is obtuse (greater than 900).
(iii) Right angled triangle:- One angle is right angle (900).

Note:- A triangle can’t have two obtuse or two right angles.

Page | 31
 Polygon: Two Dimensional figures

Number of Sides Shape Figure

3 Triangle

4 Quadrilateral

5 Pentagon

6 Hexagon

7 Heptagon

8 Octagon

Page | 32
 Three dimensional figures
Vertices/
Shape Figure Faces Edges Corners

Cuboid 6 12 8

Cube 6 12 8

Triangular 4
4 6
Pyramid

Square 5
5 8
Pyramid

Triangular 6
5 9
Prism

Page | 33
Questions:
1. Find the number of lines that can be drawn parallel to a given line 𝓵, from a point
at a distance of 2.5 cm from line 𝓵.

2. If PQ = 9.1 cm and PR = 2.9 cm, then find the length of line segment RQ.

3. Name the type of angle formed between two adjacent sides of a square.
4. Name the type of the quadrilateral PURE.

5. Find the sum of measure of ∠MSR and ∠RST.

6. If two intersecting lines are perpendicular, then find the measure of the angle
between them?

Page | 34
7. Rohan was facing the school at the beginning. He turned clockwise to face South-
East. What angle did he turn through?

8. Name the shape as shown in the figure.

9. Find the measure of the angle between the hour hand and minute hand of a clock
at 5 o’clock.

10. Find the angle between a pair of two consecutive spokes in the given figure.

11. Name the shape of a chess board.

12. Find the measure of the angle between the hour hand and minute hand of a clock
at 6 o’clock.

Page | 35
13. Name the 3D shape as shown in the figure.

14. Name the 3D shape that is represented in the picture.

15. Name the shape of a CPU.

16. Name the shape of a soft drink Can.

Page | 36
17. Name the shape of a dice.

18. Name the shape of your geometry box.

19. Find the number of vertices in a triangular prism.

20. Find the number of acute angles in the given figure.

21. Find the number of edges in a square pyramid.

22. Name the triangle, if MN = 7 cm, MO = 24 cm, ON = 25 cm and ∠M = 900 in
∆NMO.
𝟏 𝟑
23. Name the type of angle formed between 𝟒 and 𝟒 of a revolution.

24. Name the type of triangle PQR, if PQ = QR = RP = 4.5 cm.

25. How many 300 angles make a complete angle?
26. Name the type of the triangle ∆TRY, if m∠T = 500, m∠R = 600 and m∠Y = 700.
27. How many 450 angles make a complete angle?
28. Name the direction you will face, if you start facing East and make three fourth
of revolution clockwise.

Page | 37
29. Name the solid shape having 5 faces, 9 edges and 6 vertices.
30. Name the solid shape having 6 edges, 4 faces and 4 vertices.
31. Find the sum of two adjacent angles of a rectangle.
32. How many faces does a hexagon-based pyramid have?
33. You stand facing North, turn clockwise to West. By what angle have you turned?
34. Find the number of right angles turned through by the hour hand of a clock when
it goes from 12 to 9.
35. Find the number of corners of the given figure.

36. Name the shape of a road-roller.

37. Name the solid with only one vertex.

From the given figure, find: (Q. No. 38 to 43)

38. Number of vertices.

39. Number of edges.
40. Number of faces.
41. If V – vertices and F – faces, find 3V – 2F.
42. If E – Edges and V – vertices, find 2E – 3V.

Page | 38
43. If E – Edge, V – vertices and F – Faces, find F + V – E.
44. How many perpendiculars can be drawn on a line segment from a point outside
it?
45. How many rectangles are there in the figure?

46. How many triangles are there in the figure?

47. How many faces are there in your classroom?

48. Name the type of triangle PQR, if PQ = QR = 5.6 cm and PR = 6.5 cm.
49. Mahesh has 15 (Ten rupees) coins of similar kind. He put them exactly one on
the other. Name the shape will he get.
50. Meena glued 3 identical cubes together as shown in the figure. She painted the
entire solid blue. How many faces of all the cubes were painted blue?

Page | 39
Answers:

1. 2 (Two) 26. Acute angled triangle

2. 6.2 cm 27. 8
3. 900 (right angle) 28. North
4. Parallelogram 29. Triangular prism
5. 1800 30. Triangular pyramid
6. 900 31. 1800
7. 1350 32. 7
8. Quadrilateral 33. 2700
9. 1500 34. 3
10. 450 35. 4
11. Square 36. Cylinder
12. 1800 (straight angle) 37. Cone
13. Cone 38. 7
14. Sphere 39. 12
15. Cuboid 40. 7
16. Cylinder 41. 7
17. Cube 42. 3
18. Cuboid 43. 2
19. 6 44. One
20. 5 45. 15
21. 8 46. 16
22. Scalene and right-angled 47. 6 (Generally)
triangle 48. Isosceles triangle
23. Straight angle (1800) 49. Cylinder
24. Equilateral triangle 50. 14
25. 12

Page | 40
 Chapter – 6

Integers
Points to remember:

 The collection of numbers …, -3, -2, -1, 0,1, 2, 3, … is called integers.

 The numbers -1, -2, -3, … are called negative integers.
 The numbers 1, 2, 3, ... are called positive integers.
 Additive inverse of a positive integer is a negative integer. e.g. additive inverse of
5 is (– 5) .
 Additive inverse of a negative integer is a positive integer. e.g. additive inverse of
(– 8) is 8.
 When two positive integers are added, sum is also a positive integer.
e.g. (+ 6) + (+ 9) = (+ 15)
 When two negative integers are added, sum is also a negative integer.
e.g. (– 11) + (– 7) = (– 18)
 When a positive integer and a negative integer are added, actually they will be
subtracted like whole numbers and the difference will take the sign of the integer
which is greater in magnitude.
e.g. (a) 8 + (– 5) = 3 (b) (– 9) + (+2) = – 7
 The subtraction of an integer is the same as the addition of its additive inverse.
e.g. subtract 4 from 9: 9 – 4 = 9 + (–4) = 5
 The sum of an integer and its additive inverse is always zero.
 Zero is neither a positive integer nor a negative integer.

Page | 41
 Representations through integers:
(a) Going up = Positive integer
(b) Going down = Negative integer
(c) Going right = Positive integer
(d) Going left = Negative integer
(e) Above sea level = Positive integer
(f) Below sea level = Negative integer
(g) Temperature above 00C = Positive integer
(h) Temperature below 00C = Negative integer
(i) Deposit in bank = Positive integer
(j) Withdrawal from the bank = Negative integer
(k) Going East/North = Positive integer
(l) Going West/South = Negative integer

Page | 42
Questions:

1. Find the smallest positive integer.

2. Find the smallest integer greater than all the negative numbers.
3. Find the integer which is neither positive nor negative.
4. Find the opposite of the following and represent with signs:
(i) 1320 metre above sea level
(ii) Going 2 km towards West
(iii) Temperature 7° C above 0° C

Find the integers for the following: (Q. No. 5 to Q. No. 80)
5. Add 5 to additive inverse of (– 12).
6. Subtract (– 123) from (– 456).
7. 9 less than (– 5).
8. 5 more than (– 2).
9. Find the integer which when divided by (– 2) gives (– 24).
10. Find the integer which when divided by (– 3) gives 25.
11. On the number line, which number do we get if we move 5 numbers to the right
of (– 2)?
12. On the number line, which number do we get if we move 9 steps to the left of 4?

13. Find the value of : 4 – {13 – (23 – 18)}

Page | 43
 Observe the given line and find the integers for the following: (Q. No. 14 to Q.
No. 21)

14. Find the integer for K

15. Find the integer for Y
16. Find the integer for M
17. Find the integer for R + P – W
18. Find the integer for Y + P – M
19. Find the integer for W + T + Y
20. Find the integer for S + R + W
21. Find the integer for P – T – M
22. Arrange in increasing order: 3, 0, – 3, 5, – 1
23. Arrange in decreasing order: 23, 15, – 5, 2, – 25
24. Arrange in increasing order: 5, –6, – 4, 0, 8, 6
25. Arrange in decreasing order: 13, – 21, 17, 15, – 15, 10
26. Find the value of 9999 – 999 – 100
27. Find the integers that lie between (– 3) and 1.
28. If you are at (– 3) on the number line, in which direction should you move to
reach (– 8)?
29. If you are at (– 5) on the number line, in which direction should you move to
reach at 2?
30. Subtract (– 104) from the sum of 38 and (– 27).
31. Subtract the sum of (– 100) and 225 from 50.
32. Find: (– 5) – (6) – (– 16)
33. Find: (– 10) + (18) + (– 28) + (– 6)
34. Find: (– 7) + (– 9) + (4) + (16)
Represent the following integers with appropriate sign: (Q. No. 35 to Q. No. 40)
35. A withdrawal of ` 2300 from the bank.

Page | 44
36. A submarine is moving at a depth of five hundred metre below sea level.
37. Gaining a weight of 2 kg.
38. Going 600 metre above sea level.
39. Temperature six degree Celsius above 0 degree Celsius.
40. An aeroplane is flying at a height three thousand five hundred metre above the
ground.
41. Sachin scores 35 runs more than his previous score,
42. The sum of two integers is (– 26). If one of them is 43, then find the other integer.
43. If a = (– 8), b = (– 6) and c = 6, then find the value of a + b – c.
44. The difference of an integer P and (– 5) is 4. Find the value of P.
45. What must be subtracted from (– 3) to get (– 8)?
46. A bucket contains 35 litres of water. Due to a small hole in the bucket, the
quantity of water is decreasing at the rate of 2 litres every hour. Find the
quantity of water in the bucket after 10 hours.
47. An insect crawls 10 cm every second on a 90 cm vertical rod and then falls down
4 cm over the next second. How many seconds will it take to climb the rod?
48. In a class test containing 20 questions. 5 marks are given for every correct
answer, (– 2) marks is given for every incorrect answer. Heena attempts all
questions and 14 of her answers are correct. What is her total score?
49. In a class test containing 20 questions, 5 marks are given for every correct
answer, (– 1) mark is given for every incorrect answer and 0 mark for each
unattempted question. Ravi gets 4 correct and 4 incorrect answers. Find his
score.
50. A certain freezing process requires that room temperature be lowered from
40°C at the rate of 6°C per hour. What will be room temperature 10 hours after
the process begins?

Page | 45
Answers:
1. 1 25. 17 > 15 > 13 > 10 > (– 15) > (– 21)

2. 0 26. 8900

3. 0 27. (– 2), (– 1), 0

28. West, left side
4 (i) 1320 m below sea level, -1320m
29. East, right side
4(ii) Going 2 km towards East, + 2 km
30. 115
4(iii) Temperature 7°C below 0°C, – 7°C
31. (– 75)
5. 17
32. 5
6. (– 333)
33. (– 26)
7. (– 14)
34. 4
8. 3
35. − 2300
9. 48
36. – 500
10. (– 75)
37. + 2 kg
11. 3
38. + 600 m
12. (– 5)
39. + 6°C
13. (– 4)
40. + 3500 m
14. -7
41. + 35
15. (+10)
42. (– 69)
16. (+7)
43. (– 20)
17. -7
44. (– 1)
18. (+ 2)
45. 5
19. (+ 18)
46. 15 litres
20. -5
47. 29 seconds
21. -13
48. 58 marks
22. (– 3) < (– 1) < 0 < 3 < 5
49. 16 marks
23. 23 > 15 > 2 > (– 5) > (–25)
50. – 20°C
24. (– 6) < (– 4) < 0 < 5 < 6 < 8

Page | 46
 Chapter – 7

Fractions
Points to remember:

 A fraction is a part of whole or a part of collection

For example:

 Different type of fractions are as follows:

(i) Proper fraction: where numerator is less than denominator.

𝟐 𝟑 𝟕
For example: , ,
𝟑 𝟓 𝟗

(ii) Improper fraction: where numerator is more than denominator.

𝟑 𝟓 𝟗
For example: , ,
𝟐 𝟑 𝟕

(iii) Mixed fraction: which has a whole number and a fractional part.
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
For example: 𝟑 𝟐 , 𝟓 𝟑 , 𝟑 𝟐
𝟏 𝟕
We can express a mixed fraction as an improper fraction for example 𝟑 𝟐 = 𝟐

(iv) Like fractions: fractions with same denominator.

𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟕
For example: , , ,
𝟖 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖

(v) Unlike fractions: fractions with different denominator.

𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
For example: , , ,
𝟑 𝟕 𝟓 𝟒

(vi) Equivalent fractions: Two or more fractions representing the same of a whole.
𝟑 𝟔 𝟗 𝟏𝟐
For example: = 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟐𝟎
𝟓

 To find an equivalent fraction of a given fraction, we multiply both numerator

and denominator of the given fraction by the same non-zero number.

Page | 47
 A fraction is said to be in the simplest form (or lowest form) if its numerator and
denominator have no common factor except 1.
 Comparison of fractions:
(i) For like fractions, smaller the numerator, smaller will be the fraction.
𝟓 𝟕 𝟏 𝟑
For example: <𝟗 , < 𝟏𝟏
𝟗 𝟏𝟏

(ii) For fractions with same numerator, smaller the denominator, bigger will be
the fraction
𝟓 𝟓 𝟏 𝟏
For example: >𝟗 , >𝟕
𝟕 𝟒

(iii) For the fractions with different numerators and denominators, make their
denominators equal before comparing the numerators.

 While adding or subtracting like fractions, only numerators are operated upon
(not the denominators).

𝟑 𝟏 𝟑+𝟏 𝟒
For example: +𝟒= =𝟒=𝟏
𝟒 𝟒
𝟓 𝟐 𝟓−𝟐 𝟑
−𝟕= =𝟕
𝟕 𝟕

 For adding or subtracting unlike fractions, convert them into like fractions.
 Mixed fraction is always greater than proper fraction.
𝟑 𝟐
For example: 𝟏 𝟒 > 𝟑

 If numerator and denominator of a fraction are equal (same), then value of

fraction is 1.

𝟕 𝟏𝟏
For example: =𝟏 , =𝟏
𝟕 𝟏𝟏

Page | 48
 A fraction can be converted to its simplest form by dividing the numerator and
denominator with their HCF.

𝟏𝟑𝟓÷𝟏𝟓 𝟗
For example: = 𝟏𝟎
𝟏𝟓𝟎÷𝟏𝟓

 While adding mixed fractions, we can add the whole number parts separately
and the fractional parts separately.

𝟏 𝟑
For example: 𝟓 𝟖 + 𝟔 𝟖
𝟏 𝟑
=𝟓+𝟔+𝟖+𝟖
𝟒 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟏 + 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏 𝟐

OR

We can convert each mixed fraction into improper fraction and then add them.
𝟏 𝟑
For example: 𝟓𝟖 + 𝟔𝟖
𝟓 𝐗 𝟖+𝟏 𝟔 𝐗 𝟖+𝟑
= +
𝟖 𝟖
𝟒𝟏 𝟓𝟏
= +
𝟖 𝟖
𝟒𝟏+𝟓𝟏 𝟗𝟐 𝟒 𝟏
= = = 𝟏𝟏 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟏 𝟐
𝟖 𝟖

Questions:

1. Find the fraction representing the shaded portion.

Page | 49
2. From the given number line, find the fraction that point ‘A’ denotes.

3. What fraction of 1 hour is 45 minutes?

4. Find the fraction representing the shaded portion.

𝟐
5. Express 𝟏𝟐 𝟑 as improper fraction.
𝟏𝟐𝟑
6. Express as mixed fraction.
𝟏𝟐
𝟖𝟓
7. Reduce 𝟏𝟏𝟗 to the simplest form.

Find the fraction for the following: (Q.8 to Q.12)

8. Seven oranges of two dozen oranges.
9. 27 seconds of a minute.
10. Three months of a year.
11. 80 paise of ` 2.
12. 200 m of a kilometre.
Find the sum of: (Q.13 to Q.16)
𝟐 𝟑
13. and 𝟒
𝟑
𝟕 𝟑
14. and 𝟏𝟓
𝟏𝟎
𝟓 𝟕
15. 𝟐 𝟔 and 𝟑 𝟏𝟐
𝟖 𝟐
16. and 𝟑
𝟏𝟑

17. Arrange the following in ascending order.

𝟐 𝟕 𝟑 𝟏 𝟓 𝟐
, 𝟗 , 𝟗 , 𝟗 , 𝟗 , −𝟗
𝟗

18. Which is the smallest of the fraction?

𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏
,𝟑,𝟒,𝟒,𝟐
𝟑

Page | 50
 𝟓 𝟎 𝟔
19. Find the sum of 𝟏𝟏 + +
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟐
20. If 𝟑 of a number is 12. Find the number.

Find the difference of: (Q.21 to Q. 25)

𝟏𝟑 𝟕
21. −
𝟐𝟒 𝟏𝟔
𝟓 𝟒
22. −
𝟏𝟖 𝟏𝟓
𝟐 𝟒
23. −
𝟑 𝟕
𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟎
24. −
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟑
𝟏𝟏 𝟑
25. −
𝟏𝟐 𝟒
𝟏 𝟕
26. How many 𝟏𝟎 are there in ?
𝟓
𝟑
27. Find the equivalent fraction of 𝟓 having numerator 21.
𝟒𝟓
28. Find the equivalent fraction of 𝟔𝟎 having denominator 240.
𝟑 𝟏
29. Aman spends 𝟏 𝟒 hours in studies, 𝟐 𝟐 hours in playing cricket. How much time

did he spend in all?

𝟑
30. A square paper sheet has 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 cm long side. Find its Perimeter.

31. From the natural numbers 2 to 10, what fraction are prime numbers?
𝟒 𝟔 𝟕
32. Find the sum of 𝟑 𝟏𝟕 + 𝟓 𝟏𝟕 + 𝟕 𝟏𝟕

Find the value of 𝒙 (Q.33 to Q.38)

𝟑𝟗 𝒙
33. =
𝟓𝟐 𝟒
𝟓 𝟏
34. −𝒙=
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝟒 𝟑
35. 𝒙− =
𝟕 𝟕
𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟓
36. 𝒙+ =
𝟐𝟕 𝟐𝟕
𝟐𝟕 𝟑
37. =
𝟒𝟓 𝒙
𝟑 𝟏𝟏
38. −𝒙=
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕

Page | 51
 𝟑
39. A film show lasted for 𝟐 𝟒 hours. Out of this time, 15 minutes spent on

advertisements. What was the actual duration of the film?

𝟏 𝟏
40. Jaspreet bought 𝟑 𝟐 kg rice whereas Kareem bought 𝟔 𝟐 kg of rice. Find the total

amount of rice bought by both of them.

𝟑
41. Seema studied for 𝟏 𝟒 hours a day while Meena studies for 75 minutes a day.

Who studied for a longer time and how much time?

𝟑
42. Rajesh was given 𝟓 of a basket of oranges. Find the fraction of oranges (which

fraction) was left in the basket.

𝟐 𝟑
43. Savita bought 𝟓 m of ribbon and Kavita 𝟒
m of ribbon. Find the total length of

the ribbon they bought.

𝟑 𝟏
44. A piece of wire 𝟒 metre long broke into two pieces. One piece was 𝟐 metre long.

Find the length of the other piece.

𝟑 𝟏
45. In a class, of the students are girls. Out of these, are absent on a particular
𝟓 𝟓

day. Find the fraction of the girls present on that particular day.
𝟐 𝟕
46. Kapil takes 𝟑 𝟓 minutes to walk across the garden. Mohan takes minutes less
𝟒

time to do the same. Find the time taken by Mohan.

𝟐 𝟒
47. A cultural program lasted for 𝟐 𝟓 hours. Out of this, time 𝟓 hours spent on prize

distribution. Find the actual duration of the program

𝟖 𝟏
48. Kanak’s house is 𝟏𝟎 km from his school. She walked 𝟐 km with Rubi, after that

she walked alone. Find the distance in fraction that she walked alone.
𝟕
49. John has ` 1584 with him. He gives of his money to his sister. Out of the
𝟏𝟐

remaining amount, he gives ` 528 to his brother. What fraction of the original
amount is left with him now?
50. There are 24 boys and 33 girls in a class. Find
(a) the fraction representing boys among the total students.
(b) the fraction representing girls among the total students.

Page | 52
Answers:

𝟏 𝟗 𝟐𝟏
1. 14. 27.
𝟐 𝟏𝟎 𝟑𝟓

𝟑 𝟓 𝟏𝟖𝟎
2. 𝟓
15. 𝟔 𝟏𝟐 28. 𝟐𝟒𝟎

𝟑 𝟏𝟏 𝟏
3. 16. 𝟏 𝟑𝟗 29. 𝟒 𝟒 hours
𝟒
𝟒 𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 30. 43 cm
4. 𝟕
17. −𝟗 < 𝟗 < 𝟗 <
𝟒
𝟑𝟖 𝟑 𝟓 𝟕 31.
5. <𝟗<𝟗 𝟗
𝟑 𝟗

𝟏 𝟏 32. 16
6. 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 18. 𝟒
33. 3
𝟓 19. 1
7. 𝟏
𝟕 34.
20. 18 𝟑
𝟕
8. 𝟐𝟒 𝟓 35. 1
21.
𝟗 𝟒𝟖
𝟏𝟒
9. 36.
𝟐𝟎 𝟏 𝟐𝟕
22.
𝟏 𝟗𝟎
10. 37. 5
𝟒 𝟐
23. 𝟖
𝟐𝟏
11.
𝟐 38. − 𝟏𝟕
𝟓 𝟓
24. 𝟏
𝟏𝟑
12.
𝟏 39. 𝟐 𝟐 hours
𝟓 𝟏
25.
𝟓 𝟔 40. 10 kg
13. 𝟏 𝟏𝟐
26. 14
𝟏
41. hour , Seema studied for longer time
𝟐

𝟐 𝟐 𝟑
42. 45. 48. km
𝟓 𝟓 𝟏𝟎

𝟑 𝟏𝟑 𝟏
43. 𝟏 metres 46. 𝟏 minutes 49.
𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟐
𝟏 𝟑 𝟖
44. metre 47. 𝟏 𝟓 hours 50. (i) 𝟏𝟗
𝟒
𝟏𝟏
(ii) 𝟏𝟗

Page | 53
 Chapter – 8

Decimals
Points to remember:

 Decimal fractions: Fractions with denominator 10, 100, 1000………. are called
decimal fractions.
 Place value chart:

Ten Thousandths
Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones Tenths Hundredths
Thousands

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
10,000 1000 100 10 1 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎

 Representing decimals on number line:

 Expansion and contraction of decimal numbers:

𝟑 𝟎 𝟓
For example: (i) 157.305 = 100 + 50 + 7 + + +
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟑 𝟒
(ii) 700 + 8 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 = 708.034

 Writing decimals as fractions and vice versa:

𝟑𝟕𝟒
For example: (i) 3.74 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟑𝟓
(ii) 0.135 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟒𝟏
(iii) 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
= 0.041

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 Conversions:

(i) rupees to paise : multiply by 100

For example: ` 5 = 5 × 100 = 500 paise
(ii) paise to rupees : divide by 100
𝟓
For example: 5 paise = ` = ` 0.05
𝟏𝟎𝟎

(iii) kilogram (kg) to grams : multiply by 1000

(iv) grams to kilogram (kg) : divide by 1000
(v) kilometre (km) to metres (m) : multiply by 1000
(vi) metres (m) to kilometre (km) : divide by 1000
(vii) metres (m) to centimetres (cm) : multiply by 100
(viii) centimetres (cm) to metres (m) : divide by 100
(ix) centimetres (cm) to millimetres (mm) : multiply by 10
(x) millimetres (mm) to centimetres (cm) : divide by 10
(xi) metres (m) to millimetres (mm) : multiply by 1000
(xii) millimetres (mm) to metres (m) : divide by 1000
(xiii) kilolitres (kl) to litres (l) : multiply by 1000
(xiv) litres (l) to kilolitres (kl) : divide by 1000
(xv) litres (l) to millilitres (ml) : multiply by 1000
(xvi) millilitres (ml) to litres (l) : divide by 1000

 Like and Unlike decimals:

(i) Decimals having same number of decimal places are called like
decimals.
For example: In 3.714 and 105.303, both have 3 decimal places.
(ii) Decimals having different number of decimal places are called unlike
decimals.
For example: 17.8, 17.08, and 17.108

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 When decimal numbers are multiplied by 10, 100, 1000,……. etc. the decimal
point shifts to the right depending upon the number of zeros in 10, 100,
1000,…….. etc. .
For example: 0.5 × 10 = 5, 0.5 × 100 = 50, 0.05 x 100 = 5
 When decimal numbers are divided by 10, 100, 1000,……. etc. the decimal
point shifts to the left depending upon the number of zeros in 10, 100,
1000,…….. etc. .
𝟎.𝟕𝟓 𝟑.𝟓𝟕
For example: = 0.0075, = 0.0357
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎

 To convert the fractions into equivalent fractions with denominator as

multiples of 10.
𝟏 𝟏×𝟓 𝟓
= =
𝟐 𝟐×𝟓 𝟏𝟎
𝟏 𝟏×𝟐 𝟐
= =
𝟓 𝟓×𝟐 𝟏𝟎
𝟏 𝟏×𝟓 𝟓
= =
𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟕 𝟕×𝟒 𝟐𝟖
= =
𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓 × 𝟒 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟑 𝟑×𝟖 𝟐𝟒
= =
𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟐𝟓 × 𝟖 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

Questions:
𝟗
1. Find the decimal form of .
𝟐

2. Find the decimal for the following:

(i) Twelve and seven tenths.
(ii) Four tens seven ones and three hundredths.
3. Find the decimal number for the points A, B and C as shown in the
number line.

4. Find 3 km and 120m in km using decimal.

Page | 56
 𝟑
5. Find the decimal form of 7 𝟒 .

Express each of the following as decimals (Q. 6 to Q. 10)

𝟐
6. 90 + 3 + 𝟏𝟎
𝟗 𝟗
7. 900 + 90 + 9 + 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟕
8. 200 + 5 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟑 𝟐
9. 4 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟖
10. 30 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

11. Find the value of 0.125 × 100

12. Find the fractional form of 0.125
𝟏𝟑
13. Find the decimal form of .
𝟖

14. Find the sum of 9.75 + 3.05 + 7.2

15. Express the following decimal as fraction in lowest form:
(i) 0.028
(ii) 0.75
(iii) 0.02
16. Find the place value of 4 in 12.045.
17. Find the digit which is at thousandth place in 753.864.
18. Find the decimal form of Seventy – eight, Eight tenths and nine hundredths.
19. Find the sum of 12.5 + 2.35 + 0.006
20. Find the value of 0.2 – 0.06
Find the value of x (Q. 21 to Q. 25)
21. 3.2+ 0.32 + x = 3.99
22. 0.123 + 1.23 + 12.3 = x
23. 18.25 – 8.25 – x = 3.54
24. 7 + 7.7 + 7.77 + 77.777 = x
25. 3.5 – 8.8 + x = 10
Arrange the following in ascending order (Q. 26 to Q. 28)
26. 13.5, 2.37, 0.89, 1.25, 15.2

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27. 0.89, 0.013, 0.325, 1.256, 2.1
28. 9.36, 3.9, 1.675, 1.089, 1.007
Find the next term of the series (Q. 29 to Q. 31)
29. 174, 17.4, 1.74, ……
30. 2 , 2.2 , 2.42 , …..
31. 1.008 , 5.04 , 25.2 , …..
Arrange the following in descending order (Q. 32 to Q. 34)
32. 3.03, 33.03, 3.3, 3.33, 3.34
33. 45.6, 4.56, 0.45, 5.46, 5.5
34. 4.04, 0.04, 44.4, 4.440, 4.444
35. Convert the following in decimal:
(i) 6 m 90 cm into m
(ii) 4210 g into kg
(iii) 80 mm into cm
36. Find the value of 0.89 + (0.89 × 100) – 10
𝟖𝟐𝟒
37. Find the value of – 80.1
𝟏𝟎

38. Express 50 rupees 95 paise as rupees using decimal.

39. Express 8888 m as km using decimal.
40. Express 15ml as litre using decimal.
41. The weight of a baby elephant was 105.85 kg. After one year his weight
increased by 54.95 kg. Find the weight of the baby elephant after one year.
42. Renu had a rope of 45.65 m. She cut the rope into two pieces. If the length of
one piece was 24.89 m, find the length of the other piece.
43. ABCD is a quadrilateral. Find the sum of the lengths of sides of the
quadrilateral.

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44. The length of a ribbon is 1.25 m. The length of a rope is 3.54 m longer than the
ribbon. Find the length of the rope.
45. A pail holds 10.5 litres of water. A bottle holds 8.9 litres less water than the
pail. Find the volume of water in the bottle.
46. Tina bought vegetables weighing 10 kg. Out of this 3.250 kg are onions, 2.750
kg are tomatoes and the rest are potatoes. Find the weight of potatoes.
47. Rashid bought 2 kg 50 g of grapes, 3 kg 250 g of apples and 4 kg 300 g of
mangoes. Find the total weight of all the fruits (in kg) he bought.
48. Tarun has ` 20. He bought toffees for ` 15.75. Find the balance amount left
with Tarun.
49. Mitali bought a box of pencils for ` 25.50. She gave ` 500 to the shopkeeper.
Find the amount did she get back from the shopkeeper.
50. If A = 2.35 and B = 1.75, then find the value of 3A – 2B.

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Answers:
1. 4.5 26. 0.89 < 1.25 < 2.37 < 13.5 < 15.2
2. (i) 12.7 (ii) 47.03 27. 0.013 < 0.325 < 0.89 < 1.256 < 2.1

3. A = 0.8, B = 1.6, C = 2.8 28. 1.007 < 1.089 < 1.675 < 3.9 < 9.36

4. 3.120 km 29. 0.174

5. 7.75 30. 2.662

6. 93.2 31. 126

7. 999.909 32. 33.03 > 3.34 > 3.33 > 3.3 > 3.03

8. 205.07 33. 45.6 > 5.5 > 5.46 > 4.56 > 0.45

9. 4.032 34. 44.4 > 4.444 > 4.440 > 4.04 > 0.04

10. 30.008 35. (i) 6.90 m (ii) 4.21 kg (iii) 8 cm

11. 12.5 36. 79.89

𝟏 37. 2.3
12. 𝟖
38. ` 50.95
13. 1.625
39. 8.888 km
14. 20
40. 0.015 litre
𝟕 𝟑 𝟏
15. (i) 𝟐𝟓𝟎 (ii) 𝟒 (iii) 𝟓𝟎
41. 160.80 kg
𝟒
16. or Four hundredths 42. 20.76 metres
𝟏𝟎𝟎

17. 4 43. 17 cm

18. 78.89 44. 4.79 metres

19. 14.856 45. 1.6 litres

20. 0.14 46. 4 kg

21. 0.47 47. 9.600 kg

22. 13.653 48. ` 4.25

23. 6.46 49. ` 474.50

24. 100.247 50. 3.55

25. 15.3

Page | 60
 CHAPTER – 9

Data Handling
Points to remember:

 Data: Collection of information in the form of numerical figures is called data.

 The original form of data is called raw data e.g. marks scored by 6 students are
38, 57, 98, 72, 48 and 56. This collection of data is raw data.
 Frequency is the number of times an event is repeated.
 Organisation of Data: It helps in bringing about meaningful conclusion from the
data.
 Tally is a symbol like a vertical bar as shown where each vertical bar
represents 1 entry and represents 5 entries.
 Pictograph: A pictograph is a way of representing data using pictures, things or
symbols to match the frequencies of different information or events.
 Bar Graph: Bar graph is a chart with rectangular bars of equal width and
lengths, proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be
horizontal or vertical with equal spacing between them. It is also called column
graph.

Questions:

1. How many units will represent 90 on the scale if 1 unit of length is equal to 5?
2. If the scale of 1 unit length is equal to 10 thousand, then how many thousand
will represent by the bar of length of 10 units?
3. If the scale of 1 unit length is equal to 50 kilograms, then how many kilograms
will be represented by the bar of length of 8 units?
4. How many units will represent 70 on the scale if 1 unit of length is equal to 20?

Page | 61
5. The following table represents the number of students in class VI who choose
third language among Sanskrit/ Urdu/ Punjabi :

S.No Subject Number of Students

1. Sanskrit 27

2. Urdu

3. Punjabi 19

Total 70

Answer the following questions according to the table:

(i) How many students prefer to take Urdu?

(ii) Which subject was taken by the maximum number of students?
(iii) How many students are there in class VI?
6. The following table represents T-shirt size of students of a class:

T- shirt Size Tally marks

30

32

34

36

38

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Answer the following questions according to the table:

(i) How many students wear T-shirt of size 34?

(ii) How many students are there in the class?

7. A survey was carried out in a certain school to find out the popular school
subject among the students of class VI to class VIII. The data in this regard is
displayed as pictograph given below:

Subject Number of students

Hindi

English

Mathematics

Science

Social Science

Scale: = 50 students

Page | 63
 From this pictograph answer the questions:-
(i) Which subject is more popular among the students?
(ii) How many students like Mathematics?
(iii) Find the number of students who like subjects other than Hindi and
English.

8. Given pictograph shows different kinds of trees planted in park:

Banyan Tree

Neem Tree

Coconut Tree

Mango Tree

Scale is given below:

= 7 Banyan Trees

= 7 Neem Trees

= 7 Coconut Trees

= 7 Mango Trees

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 From the given pictograph answer the following questions:-
(i) How many trees are there in all?
(ii) Which tree is the least in the park?
(iii) How many banyan trees are there?
9. The following table represents the games that 700 students of a school would
like to play:
S.No. Games Number of students

1. Basket Ball 140

2. Table Tennis 120

3. Cricket ?

4. Badminton 115

5. Hockey 92

6. Football 84

Answer the following questions using the above table:

(i) How many students like to play football?
(ii) Which game was most liked by the students?
(iii) How many students like to play cricket?
10. The following table represents the choice of milk shakes of class VI students:
S.No Choice of milk shakes Tally marks

1. Mango shake only

2. Banana shake only

3. Mango shake and Banana shake both

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 Answer the following questions according to the table:
(i) How many students like banana shake only?
(ii) Which shake was least liked by the students?
(iii) How many students like both the shakes?

11. 13 workers were paid the following wages (in ` ) on a particular day:
135, 175, 140, 150, 120, 90, 85, 115, 90, 180, 120, 200, 120
(i) How many workers get wages more than ` 100?
(ii) How much money is received by most of the workers?

12. In a mathematics test, the following marks were obtained by 20 students:

5, 7, 9, 6, 5, 8, 3, 7, 6, 5, 2, 9, 8, 1, 3, 5, 4, 8, 6, 10,
(i) How many students obtained marks below 5?
(ii) How many students obtained marks equal to or more than 7?
13. In the following bar graph answer the following questions:

(i) Which is the fastest animal?

(ii) What is the speed of deer?
(iii) How much faster is deer than dog?

Page | 66
14. The result of pass percentage of class VI of 20 government schools in a locality
in the year 2019 was as follows:
66, 70, 90, 95, 90, 80, 75, 82, 74, 82, 74, 65, 66, 70, 90, 98, 85, 88, 99, 76
(i) How many schools had pass percentage more than 70% but less than
85%?
(ii) How many schools had pass percentage more than 90%?
15. The following pictograph shows the number of absentees in a class of 40
students in a particular week:

Days Number of absentees

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Scale: = 1 absentee

Answer the following questions:

(i) What was the total number of absentees in that week?
(ii) On which day there was full attendance?
(iii) How many students were present on Monday?

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16. The different mode of travelling to school by 120 students are given below:

Mode Number of students

Walking

Bicycle

Bus

Scale is given below:

= 10 students (Walking)

= 10 students (Bicycle)

= 10 students (Bus)

Observe the above pictograph and answer the following questions:

(i) How many students travel by bus?
(ii) How many students go by walking?
(iii) How many students go by bicycle?
(iv) Which mode is used by maximum number of students?

Page | 68
17. The colours of cars preferred by people living in an apartment are represented
by the pictograph shown below:
Colour Number of people

White ####
Yellow #######
Black #####∥
Red ##

Scale: # = 20 people
∥ = 10 people
Observe the above pictograph and answer the following questions:
(i) How many people prefer white colour?
(ii) How many people prefer black colour?
18. Shoe size of 18 students in a class are as follows:
5, 4, 4, 6, 7, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 5, 4, 6, 7, 8, 4, 4, 6
Which shoe size is worn by maximum number of students?
19. The expenditure of a company during the year 2017 under different heads is
as follows:
Heads Expenditure (in lakhs Rs.)

Salary 32

Conveyance 12

Rent 10

Machines 8

Interest 3

What is the total expenditure of company during the year 2017?

Page | 69
20. The following bar graph shows the marks obtained by Neeraj in five subjects:

According to the bar graph answer the following questions:

(i) In which subject does Neeraj get the lowest marks?

(ii) How many marks does he get in Mathematics?
(iii) In which subject does he get less than 75 marks?

Page | 70
Answers:

1. 18 units
2. 100 thousand
3. 400 kilograms
4. 3.5 units
5. (i) 24 (ii) Sanskrit (iii) 70
6. (i) 7 (ii) 30
7. (i) Hindi (ii) 350 (iii) 700
8. (i) 154 (ii) Neem tree (iii) 42
9. (i) 84 (ii) Cricket (iii) 149
10. (i) 14 (ii) Mango (iii) 12
11. (i) 10 (ii) ` 120
12. (i) 5 (ii) 8
13. (i) Lion (ii) 50 km/hr (iii) 10 km/hr
14. (i) 6 (ii) 3
15. (i) 25 (ii) Saturday (iii) 35
16. (i) 30 (ii) 50 (iii) 40 (iv) Walking
17. (i) 80 (ii) 110
18. 6
19. ` 65 lakhs
20. (i) Science (ii) 100 (iii) Science

Page | 71
 CHAPTER – 10

Mensuration
Points to remember:

 Perimeter
(i) Perimeter of any closed figure is the distance covered along its
boundary.
(ii) Perimeter of ABCDE = AB + BC + CD + DE + EA

(iii)Unit of Perimeter is mm (millimetre), cm (centimetre), m (metre),

km (kilometre) etc.
 Area
(i) Area of any closed figure is the surface enclosed by its boundary.
(ii) Area of PQRS = Shaded portion

Page | 72
 (iii)Unit of area is mm2 (square millimetre), cm2 (square centimetre),
m2 (square metre), km2 (square Kilometre) etc.
 Regular Polygons
(i) Figures, in which all sides and all angles are equal, are called regular
polygons.
(ii) Perimeter of regular closed figure = n × length of side
where ‘n’ is number of sides of the regular closed figure
(iii)Perimeter of Equilateral triangle = 3 × length of side

(iv) Perimeter of square = 4 × length of side

(v) Perimeter of regular pentagon = 5 × length of side

Page | 73
 (vi) Perimeter of regular hexagon = 6 × length of side

 Perimeter of Rectangle = 2 × ( Length + Breadth)

 Area of Rectangle = Length × Breadth

 Area of Square = Side × Side

 If an area of floor/wall is to be covered by tiles,

𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐥𝐨𝐨𝐫/ 𝐰𝐚𝐥𝐥
then number of tiles =
𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐨𝐟 𝟏 𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐞

Page | 74
Questions:

1. Poonam walks around a park 350 m long and 150 m wide. She took 3 complete
rounds. What was the distance covered by her?
2. Raju runs a total distance of 2 km around a square field of side 50 m. How
many rounds will he complete?
3. What is the perimeter of the figure?

4. What will be the length of a rectangular park which is 70 m wide and has a
Perimeter 520 m?
5. What is the perimeter of a rectangle whose length is 7.5 m and breadth is
2.7 m?
6. What is the perimeter of a square of side 6.75 mm?
7. Find the width of the rectangle whose area is 209 sq. m and length is 19 m.
8. Find the length of that rectangle whose area is 4200 sq. m and width is 35 m.
9. Radhika takes one round of a square field and travels 3496 m. Find the side of
the square field.
10. What is the perimeter of a rectangle whose length is 1225 cm and breadth is
1 m?
11. What is the cost of fencing of a square park of length 325 m at the rate of ` 20
per metre?
12. What is the cost of fencing a regular pentagon park of side 120 m at the rate
of ` 25 per metre?
13. What is the cost of fencing the park with sides given below, if the cost of fencing
is ` 20 per metre?

Page | 75
14. Sakshi has 1 m lace. She uses it to put it around a square hanky which had one
side equal to 17.5 cm. How much lace will be left?
15. The perimeter of regular pentagon is 209 cm. What is the measure of each
side?
16. What will be the length of rectangular wooden strip required to frame a
picture whose length is 4 m 25 cm and width 65 cm?
17. The perimeter of a triangle is 62 cm. What is the measure of third side of the
triangle if the measure of two sides is 27 cm and 14 cm?
18. Find the value of x in the given figure, if the perimeter of the figure is 200 cm.

19. Find the value of y in the given figure if the perimeter of the figure is 110 cm.

Page | 76
20. An isosceles triangle has a perimeter of 54 cm. If the measure of unequal side
is 21 cm, then what will be the measure of each of the two equal sides?
21. What is the area of a square if its perimeter is 44 cm?
22. What is the perimeter of a square if its area is 36 sq. cm?
23. The length and breadth of a rectangle are 24 cm and 8 cm respectively. If its
length is doubled and breadth is halved, then what is its new area?
24. The area of a rectangle is 12 sq. cm. If its length is doubled and breadth is
halved, then what is its new area?
25. The length and breadth of a rectangle are 18 cm and 7 cm respectively. If its
length is halved and breadth is doubled, then what is its new perimeter?
26. The length of a rectangle is thrice its breadth. If its perimeter is 80 m, then
what is its area?
27. The length of a rectangle is thrice its breadth. If its area is 75 sq. m, then what
is its perimeter?
28. A square of side 12 cm has the same area as a rectangle with length 16 cm.
What is the perimeter of the rectangle?
29. What is the area of the given figure?

30. A rectangular floor with dimensions 150 m and 60 m is to be paved with square
tiles of side 3 m. How many tiles will be required?
31. What is the area of rectangle in sq. cm whose dimensions are 6.5 cm and 4 m?

Page | 77
32. What is the cost of tiling a rectangular floor with length 40 m and breadth
30 m at the rate of ` 5 per square metre?
33. What is the length of a rectangle if its area is 15 sq. m and breadth is 2.5 m?
34. What is the area of the shaded portion in the given figure?

35. If the perimeter of two squares are 36 cm and 44 cm respectively. What will
be the side of the square whose perimeter is equal to the sum of the perimeters
of these two squares?
36. If the perimeter of three squares are 48 cm, 28 cm and 44 cm respectively.
What will be the side of the square whose perimeter is equal to the sum of the
perimeters of these three squares?
37. If the perimeter of two squares are 24 cm and 52 cm. What will be the area of
the square whose perimeter is equal to the sum of the perimeters of these two
squares?
38. If the area of two squares is 36 sq. cm and 64 sq. cm respectively. What will be
the side of the square whose perimeter is equal to the sum of the perimeters of
these two squares?
39. If the area of two squares is 9 sq. cm and 16 sq. cm respectively. What will be
the perimeter of the square whose area is equal to the sum of the areas of these
two squares?

Page | 78
40. In a square park of side 15 m, four squared flower beds each side 5 m are to
be made as shown in figure. What is the area of remaining part of the park
without flower beds?

41. What is the perimeter of 10-sided regular polygon whose length of each side
is 3.5 m?
42. What is the distance travelled in taking 3 rounds of a regular pentagon of side
5 m?
43. What will be the area of shaded portion in the figure?

44. The perimeter of an equilateral triangle is 87 cm. What is the length of its each
side?

Page | 79
45. What is the area of the figure given below?

46. Mohan wants to cover the floor of a room 3 m wide and 4 m long by square
tiles. If each tile is of side 0.5 m, then calculate the number of tiles he want to
buy.
47. A square of 100 m side can be divided into how many rectangles of size
2 m × 1 m?
48. Ritu wants to cover the floor of a room 10 m wide and 12 m long by
rectangular tiles. If the length and breadth of each tile are 2 m and 3m
respectively, then calculate the number of tiles she wants to buy.
49. What is the area of that square whose perimeter is 40 m?
50. What is the perimeter of the figure?

Page | 80
Answers:

1. 3000 m 18. 47 35. 20 cm

2. 10 19. 9 36. 30 cm

3. 230 m 20. 16.5 cm 37. 361 sq. cm

4. 190 m 21. 121 sq. cm 38. 14 cm

5. 20.4 m 22. 24 cm 39. 20 cm

6. 27 mm 23. 192 sq. cm 40. 125 sq. m

7. 11 m 24. 12 sq.cm 41. 35 m

8. 120 m 25. 46 cm 42. 75 m

9. 874 m 26. 300 sq. m 43. 68 sq. cm

10. 26.5 m 27. 40 m 44. 29 cm

11. ` 26000 28. 50 cm 45. 21 sq. cm

12. ` 15000 29. 210 sq. cm 46. 48

13. ` 2320 30. 1000 47. 5000

14. 30 cm 31. 2600 sq. cm 48. 20

15. 41.8 cm 32. ` 6000 49. 100 sq. m

16. 9 m 80 cm 33. 6m 50. 36 cm

17. 21 cm 34. 20 sq. m

Page | 81
 CHAPTER – 11
ALGEBRA
Points to remember:

 Algebra: It is a branch of Mathematics in which we use letters. Use of letters

will allow us to write rules and formulas in a general way. A letter stands for
an unknown quantity. By learning methods of determining unknown, we
develop powerful tools for solving problems of daily life and puzzles
 Variable: 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄 … … … 𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛, etc. are used as variables. The variables obey
all the rules and signs of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
𝟓 × 𝒙 = 𝟓𝒙

𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟓𝒙
𝒙 × 𝒚 = 𝒙𝒚
In 𝟓𝒙, we have 5 as the numerical factor and 𝒙 as the variable factor.
 Algebraic Expression: A combination of constants and variables using any of
the signs (+, − × & ÷) is called algebraic expression e.g., 𝟕𝒚, 𝟓𝒛 + 𝟐 etc.
 Equation: An equation has equal sign (‘=’) between the two sides. An equation
is a condition on a variable. It is expressed by an expression with a variable
which is equal to a fixed number e.g., 𝒙 + 𝟕 = 𝟏𝟎

Questions:
1. Express the perimeter of square of the side 𝒙 units.
2. Express the perimeter of rectangle of length 5 cm and breadth 𝒚 cm.
3. In a N.C.C. parade, there are 12 cadets in a row. What is the rule which gives the
total number of cadets, if the number of rows is ‘𝒛’?
4. What is the rule for finding the next number in the following series:
I. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ………
II. 3, 7, 11, 15 ……….
III. 5, 10, 15, 20 ……....

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5. In a Rangoli, there are 6 dots in every row. What is the total number of dots if
there are ‘z’ rows?
6. Express the perimeter of regular octagon of side ‘p’ units.
7. 6 chocolates were left with Manoj after he gave ‘t’ chocolates to his friend Raj.
How many total chocolates Manoj had?
8. Express the perimeter of isosceles triangle whose equal sides are of 5 cm and
third side of ‘y’ cm.
9. Sheena got “x” marks in English and 50 marks in Hindi. What are the total
marks in two subjects?
10. Ashu writes one page in ‘y’ hours. How many pages can he write in 10 hours?

State the following algebraic expressions using numbers, variables and

arithmetic operations in Q 11 to Q 20:-
11. 12 subtracted from a.
12. 10 added to b.
13. p multiplied by 5.
14. c divided by 9.
15. ‘a’ multiplied by (– 7).
16. 5 times m added to 8.
17. 10 times x added to (– 15).
18. 24 subtracted from 4 times q.
19. 12 less than 4y.
20. Cost of (x + 5) kg of rice, if cost of 1kg rice is ` 20.

Write the statements for the given expressions in Q 21 to Q 25:-

21. 𝒂 + 𝟓
22. 𝒚 − 𝟖
23. 𝟖 − 𝒛
24. 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟓
𝟓𝒚+𝟓
25. 𝟐

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 Solve the following equations (Q 26 to Q 35):
26. 𝒙 + 𝟗 = 𝟏𝟓
27. 𝒎 − 𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒎
28. =𝟔
𝟒

29. 𝟐𝒂 + 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟑
30. 𝟖𝒎 = 𝟔𝟒
31. 𝟖𝒕 − 𝟓 = 𝟑
𝟗
32. −𝟑𝒑 + 𝟐 = 𝟎
𝒙
33. + 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟑
𝟐

34. 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐 = 𝟑 − 𝒙
𝟓𝒙−𝟗
35. =𝟕
𝟑

36. Sum of two integers is −𝟖𝟑. If one of them is −𝟗𝟑, then what is the second
integer?
37. I am an integer. If 21 is subtracted from me I become 9. Who am I ?
38. The sum of two integers is −𝟐𝟓. If one of them is – 50, then find the other
integer.
39. If sum of two angles is 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 and greater angle is 5 times the smaller angle, then
what are the measures of both angles?
40. The length of rectangular park is thrice its breadth. If perimeter of park is 640
m, then what are the dimensions of park?
41. Fare for hiring a taxi is ` 20 for first km, then Rs.10 for every additional
kilometre travelled. What is the taxi fare for travelling 12 kilometres?
42. Father is 5 times as old as his son. Sum of their ages is 54 years. What are their
ages?
43. On adding 21 to integer 𝒙, the result is−𝟗. What is the value of 𝒙?
44. Anita got 45 marks in English, 48 marks in Hindi, 𝒙 marks in Mathematics, 32
marks in Science and 𝒚 marks in Social Science. Find the total marks she got.
45. The height of plant is 12 cm. If it increases by 𝒙 cm everyday, then what will be
its height after 10 days?

Page | 84
46. If 4 is subtracted from 5 times a number 𝒒, the result is 21. What is the value of
𝒒?
47. Find the value of y in
𝟏
(𝟐𝒚 + 𝟑) = 𝟏𝟗
𝟓

48. Two third of a number is 16, find the number.

49. Rahul’s age is 𝒙 years. Rahul is 4 years older than Reeta. If the sum of their
ages is 20 years, what will be their ages?
50. Complete the following table: -

𝒙 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

𝟔−𝒙

Page | 85
Answers:

1 4𝑥 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 26 𝑥=6
2 (10 + 2𝑦) 𝑐𝑚 27 𝑚 = 12
3 12𝑧 28 𝑚 = 24
4 (i) 2𝑛 (ii) 4𝑛 − 1 (iii) 5𝑛 29 𝑎=5
5 6𝑧 30 𝑚=8
6 8𝑝 31 𝑡=1
3
7 6+t 32 𝑝=
2
8 (10 + 𝑦) 𝑐𝑚 33 20
9 50 + 𝑥 34 1
10 10𝑦 35 6
11 𝑎 − 12 36 10
12 𝑏 + 10 37 30
13 5p 38 25
14 c÷9 39 300 & 1500
15 −7𝑎 40 240 m & 80 m
16 5𝑚 + 8 41 `130
17 10𝑥 − 15 42 45 years and 9 years
18 4𝑞 − 24 43 -30
19 4𝑦 − 12 44 125 + 𝑥 + 𝑦
20 `(20𝑥 + 100) 45 (12 + 10𝑥) 𝑐𝑚
21 5 added to a 46 5
22 8 subtracted from y 47 46
23 𝑧 subtracted from 8 48 24
Rahul’s age 12 years,
24 5 added to 4 times x 49 Reeta’s age 8 years
25 Half of the sum of 5 times y and 5 50 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3, -4

Page | 86
 CHAPTER – 12

Ratio and Proportion

Points to remember:

 Ratio: A method of comparing two quantities of same kind and same unit by

division.

 Ratio can be obtained only for quantities with same units.

 It can be expressed in its simplest form.

 Four quantities are said to be in proportion, if the ratio of the first and the

second quantities is equal to the ratio of the third and the fourth quantities.

Example: If 4, 8, 24 and 48 are in proportion, then

𝟒 𝟐𝟒
=
𝟖 𝟒𝟖
 Four quantities are in proportion if

Product of extreme terms= product of middle terms.

Example: If 𝒂: 𝒃: : 𝒄: 𝒅 then 𝒂 × 𝒅 = 𝒃 × 𝒄.

 Unitary Method: The method in which we find the value of one unit is known

as “Unitary Method”.

Example: 4 kg apples cost ` 480, then find the cost of 7kg apples.

Cost of 4 kg apples = ` 480

Cost of 1 kg apples = ` =` 𝟏𝟐𝟎 (Division)

𝟒𝟖𝟎
𝟒

Cost of 7 kg apples = 120×7 = ` 840 (Multiplication).

Page | 87
Questions:

1. Find the ratio of 𝟗𝟔: 𝟏𝟎𝟖.

2. Find the ratio of 40 minutes to 12 minutes.
3. Find the ratio of 4 weeks to 28 days.

4. The cost of a chocolate is ` 10 and the cost of a toffee is 50 paise. Find the ratio

of the cost of chocolates to the cost of 2 toffees.

5. Vijay writes one page in 10 minutes and Vijeta writes two pages in an hour.

Find the ratio of time taken to write one page by Vijay to the time taken to
write one page by Vijeta.
6. Give 3 equivalent ratios of 𝟑: 𝟏𝟏.

7. The present ages of Anuj and Teena is 28 years and 34 years respectively.

What was the ratio of their ages 4 years ago?

8. Divide 800 km into 𝟗: 𝟕.
9. Ratio of two numbers is 𝟑: 𝟕. If sum of the numbers is 180, find the greater
number?

10. Divide ` 80 into the ratio𝟏: 𝟐: 𝟓 between Anish, Reena and Yamini.

11. A total of 2275 people come to see an exhibition. Out of them 850 were male

and the remaining are females.What is the ratio of number of males to

females?

12. What is the ratio of smallest two-digit number and smallest three-digit

number?
13. What is the ratio of 4th multiple of 3 and 2nd multiple of 6?
14. Divide ` 200 between Rinku and Tinku in the ratio 𝟑: 𝟐.

Answer Q.15 to Q.20 using the following statement:

“The present age of Raj is 12 years and his grandfather is 60 years old.”

15. Find the ratio of present age of Raj to the present age of grandfather.

Page | 88
16. What is the ratio of present age of grandfather to the age of Raj 10 years ago?
17. What is the ratio of age of Raj after 8 years to the present age of grandfather?
18. What is the ratio of age of Raj to the sum of present ages of Raj and
grandfather?

19. If Raj’s father is 28 years older to him. What is the ratio of age of Raj’s father

to the age of grandfather?

20. What is the ratio of age of Raj to the age of grandfather when grandfather was
49 years old?

Whether the following are in proportion or not (Q.21 to Q.25)?

21. 15, 45, 20, 120

22. 40, 60, 80, 120

23. 𝟑𝟐𝒎 ∶ 𝟔𝟒𝒎 = 6 minutes : 12 minutes

24. 8 minutes∶ 9 minutes = ` 24 : ` 27

25. 5km : 75km & 𝟖𝒎 ∶ 𝟓𝟔𝒎

26. Find the value of 𝒙 in the given proportion:
𝒙 ∶ 𝟒𝟖: : 𝟏𝟔𝟐 ∶ 𝟓𝟒
27. Find the value of 𝒙 in the given proportion:
𝟏𝟒 ∶ 𝒙: : 𝟐𝟖 ∶ 𝟏𝟗𝟔
28. Find the value of 𝒙 in the given proportion:
𝟗𝟐 ∶ 𝟒: : 𝟒𝟔 ∶ 𝒙
29. Find the value of 𝒙 in the given proportion:
𝟐𝟏 ∶ 𝟑𝟓: : 𝒙 ∶ 𝟓
30. Find the value of 𝒙 in the given proportion:
𝟐𝟎 ∶ 𝟑𝟎𝟎: : 𝟒𝟎 ∶ 𝒙

Fill the given number in the blanks to make them in proportion (Q.31 to Q.35):

31. 4, 10, 8, & 5

𝟖
=
𝟓

Page | 89
32. 5, 21, 35, & 3

=
𝟑𝟓 𝟓
33. 9, 45, 10, & 2
𝟐
=
𝟒𝟓
34. 32, 6, 12, & 64

=
𝟏𝟐 𝟔
35. 0.9, 0.4, 4, & 10

𝟏𝟎
=
𝟎. 𝟑𝟔
36. 7 boxes contain 294 apples. How many apples will be there in 5 boxes?

37. A salesman earns ` 75,000 in 3 months. How much will he earn in a year?

38. Neeraj buys 10 pens for ` 120 and Navya 8 pens for ` 72. Who bought the

pens at a cheaper rate and by how much?

39. Rishabh made 72 runs in 6 overs and Kartik made 63 runs in 9 overs. Who

made more runs per over?

40. The rent of a scooter is ` 1000 for 5 days. How much does Raj has to pay

rent for 30 days?

41. If 3 pens costs ` 𝟐𝟕 𝟒. What is the cost of one dozen pens?

𝟏

42. If the cost of a dozen bananas is ` 48. What is the cost of 7 bananas?

43. If 27 books weigh 108kg. What is the weight of 12 books?

44. 34 students of class collected ` 510 for a class party. If all the students have

given equal contribution, then how much money will be collected by 150
students of the school?

Page | 90
45. A family of 6 members consume 3 litres of milk. What is the consumption of

milk in a family of 15 members?

46. The first, third and fourth terms of a proportion are 2, 9, and 45. What is

the second term of the proportion?

47. Rahul’s annual salary is ` 80,000. How much salary does he earn in 3

months?

48. Vishakha and Ravi together have 60 kg of sweets. They want to divide it in

the ratio of 𝟏: 𝟐. How much will each of them get?

49. In a year, Sohan earns ` 5,00,000 and saves ` 3,00,000. Find the ratio of

money earned to the money saved?

50. In a year, Sohan earns ` 5,00,000 and saves ` 3,00,000. Find the ratio of

money earned to the money spent?

Page | 91
Answers:

1. 8:9 27. 98
2. 10 : 3 28. 2
3. 1:1 29. 3
4. 10 : 1 30. 600
5. 1:3 31.
𝟒
= 𝟏𝟎
𝟖
𝟓
6. 6 : 22, 9 : 33, 12 : 44 𝟐𝟏 𝟑
32. =𝟓
𝟑𝟓
7. 4:5
𝟏𝟎 𝟐
33. =
8. 450 km, 350 km 𝟒𝟓 𝟗

𝟔𝟒 𝟑𝟐
9. 126 34. =
𝟏𝟐 𝟔
10. ` 10, ` 20, ` 50 𝟎.𝟗 𝟏𝟎
35. =
𝟎.𝟑𝟔 𝟒
11. 34 : 57
36. 210
12. 1 : 10
37. ` 300000 (` Three lakh)
13. 1:1
38. Navya, cheaper by ` 3
14. ` 120, ` 80
39. Rishabh
15. 1:5
40. ` 6000
16. 1 : 25
41. ` 109
17. 1:3
42. ` 28
18. 1:6
43. 48 kg
19. 2:3
44. ` 2250
20. 1 : 49
45. 7.5 litres
21. No
46. 10
22. Yes
47. ` 20,000
23. Yes
48. 20 kg, 40 kg
24. Yes
49. 5:3
25. No
50. 5:2
26. 144

Page | 92
 CHAPTER – 13

SYMMETRY
Points to remember:

 Symmetry: Dividing the given figure into two identical parts.

 Line of Symmetry: The line along which the figure is divided into two identical
parts.
 Types of line of Symmetry: Vertical, horizontal or diagonal.

 A line has no line of symmetry.

 A regular polygon has as many lines of symmetry as the number of sides.
 An object and its image are symmetrical with reference to the mirror.
 An object can have many symmetrical lines while another object can have no
symmetrical line at all. eg circle has infinite lines of symmetry whereas scalene
tringle doesn’t have any line of symmetry.

Page | 93
Questions:

1. How many symmetrical lines does a regular pentagon has?

2. Which quadrilateral has only two lines of symmetry?
3. How many lines of symmetry does a circle have?
4. Which alphabets have horizontal lines of symmetry?

B A T M R S
5. How many symmetrical lines does a regular Octagon has?
6. Which alphabets have no lines of symmetry?

M S K O P H
7. What is line ‘n’ in the following figure if B is the image of A?

Page | 94
8. Which alphabets have the same image?

C A O R B H
9. Complete the following figures such that dotted line acts as a line of symmetry?

(A) (B)

10. Complete the following figures such that lines ′𝒍 ' and '𝒎′ are lines of
symmetry?

(A) (B)
11. Which alphabets have vertical lines of symmetry?

B G T E W

Tell the number of lines of symmetry and draw them (Q. 12 to Q. 31):

Page | 95
12. 13.

14. 15.

16. 17.

18. 19.

20. 21.

Page | 96
22 23.

24. 25.

26. 27.

28. 29.

30.

Page | 97
Answers:

1. 5 lines of symmetry
2. Rectangle
3. Many Lines of symmetry
4. B
5. 8
6. S and P
7. Line of symmetry
8. A, O and H
9. Do it yourself
10. Do it yourself
11. W
12. Two
13. no line of symmetry
14. One
15. One
16. Two
17. One
18. One
19. One
20. One
21. no line of symmetry
22. One
23. Eight
24. One
25. One
26. One
27. many lines of symmetry
28. One
29. One
30. Two

Page | 98
 CHAPTER – 14

PRACTICAL GEOMETRY
Points to remember:

 Circle:
 A Circle is the set of all those points in a plane whose
distance from a fixed point remains constant.
 Fixed point is called Centre of the circle. In figure,
O is the centre.
 Fixed distance is called radius.
In figure, radius OA = radius OB = radius OC.
 Line segment joining any two points on the
circumference of circle is called chord. In figure, EF
is a chord.
 Diameter is the line segment joining two points on the circumference of the
circle passing through the Centre.
 Diameter of a circle is the longest chord. A C is diameter.
 An arc is a part of circumference of a circle.FGE is an arc of circle
 A circle can be constructed by taking the measurement of radius with the help
of compass.
 Diameter of circle = 2 × radius of circle

 Line segment:

 Line segment is a part of line ⃡𝑨𝑩 or ‘ 𝒍 ’.

 A line segment has two end points.
 A line segment has a definite length.
 A line segment of given length can be constructed using a ruler.

Page | 99
  A line segment whose length is sum of two lines segments can be constructed.
 A line segment equal in measurement of a given line segment can be
constructed with the help of compass.
 Perpendicular:
Perpendicular lines: Two lines are said to be perpendicular if
they intersect each other at an angle of 𝟗𝟎𝒐 .
In figure, CD ⊥ AB.
 Perpendicular to a line through a point on it can be
constructed.
 Perpendicular to a line through a point outside the line can also be constructed.
 Perpendicular bisector:
 It is also known as axis of symmetry of a line segment.
 It divides the line segment into two equal parts.

 Angles:
 An angle is a figure formed by two rays with
the same initial points.
 line OP and line OQ are forming an angle
POQ, where O is the vertex of angle.
 Any angle having measure of a multiple of 𝟏𝟓𝒐
can be constructed using a compass like 𝟏𝟓𝒐 ,
𝟑𝟎𝒐 , 𝟒𝟓𝒐 , 𝟔𝟎𝒐 , 𝟕𝟓𝒐 etc.

 Angle bisector:
 It is a ray which divides the angle in two equal
parts.
 The ray OY is an angle bisector of angle XOZ.
∠𝑿𝑶𝒀 = ∠𝒀𝑶𝒁

Page | 100
 Questions:

1. Name the geometrical instrument which is used to measure and draw line
segments.
2. Name the geometrical instrument used to draw a circle.
3. A line segment of measurement 15 cm is divided into three equal parts. Tell the
𝟏
length of of line segment.
𝟑

4. What is the diameter of a circle of radius 4.5 cm?

5. ∠𝑨𝑩𝑪 = 𝟖𝟎𝒐 and BD is the angle bisector. Find the measure of ∠𝑨𝑩𝑫.

6. A line segment CD is twice the length of ̅̅̅̅

𝑨𝑩 = 𝟑. 𝟖 𝒄𝒎. What is the length of
line segment CD?

7. Name the points in the interior, exterior and on the circle from below figure:

8. Tell the number of line segments in the given figure.

Page | 101
9. In the given figure if OP = PQ = QR , what will be the measure of ∠𝑷𝑶𝑹 ?

10. In the figure, n ⊥ m. How are lines l and m related to each other?

11. In the given figure, O is the centre of a circle of radius 6 cm, OC = AC, then
what will be the length of BC and OC?

12. How many circles can be drawn through the following four scattered points?

13. For dividing a line segment into four equal parts. How many perpendicular
bisectors will be drawn?

Page | 102
14. What is the measure of angle AOB ?

15. In the figure, AB = 9.6 cm and CD is perpendicular bisector of AB. What is

the measure of AC and BC?

16. What are the measurements of line segments equal to the sum and difference
of given line segments?

17. What are the names of parts represented by AB and PQ in given figure?

18. What is the measure of angle between two perpendicular lines?

19. If line segment AB = 8.4 cm such that AP = PQ =BQ. What are the measures
of line segments PQ, AQ and BQ ?

Page | 103
20. If the diameter of a circle is 7.8 cm. What is the length of its radius?
21. If radius of a circle is 4 cm, what is the length of longest chord ?
22. At which points the perpendicular bisectors of two chords of a circle meets?
23. What is the measure of a supplementary angle of 𝟓𝟎𝟎 ?
24. A circle is drawn on a line segment as a diameter. At which point the centre
of the circle lies?
25. An angle is equal to its supplementary angle. What is the measure of angle?

Page | 104
Answers:

1. Ruler
2. Compass
3. 5 cm
4. 9 cm
5. 40°
6. 7.6 cm
7. Interior Points: U, V, W, X, Y, Z
Exterior Points: D, E
Points on the Circle: A, B, C
8. 10
9. 120°
10. l is parallel to m
11. BC = 9 cm and OC = 3 cm
12. None
13. 3
14. 180°
15. 4.8 cm
16. 13.1 cm and 2.7 cm
17. AB Arc and PQ  chord
18. 90°
19. PQ = 2.8 cm, AQ = 5.6 cm and BQ = 2.8 cm
20. 3.9 cm
21. 8 cm
22. Centre
23. 130°
24. midpoint
25. 90°

Page | 105