2

EXERCISE 8.5
1. (i) Express all T-ratios in terms of sin A; (A is an acute angle). [CBSE 2012]
(i) Express allT-ratios in terms of cot A; (A is an acute angle). [CBSE 2012]
Prove the following identities where the angles involved are acute angles for which the expressions are defined (Qs.2- 20)1:
2. sin A cot A = cos A 3. cosec A tan A= secA
(1+ sec 0) (1+ cosec A)
4.
sec is
= (1 + cos 0) 5.
COsec A
= (1 + sin A)

sec -1 1- cos cot A -cos A cos ec A -1

6. 7. [CBSE 2008]
sec +1 1+ cos0 cot A + cos A cOs ecA+1

cos 1+sin 9
8. + =2sec0 [CBSE 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013]
1+ sin9 Cos
(1+ tan A), (1+ cot A) =2(cosec A+ sec
9.
COs A
A)
sin A

10. (1 + cot A) sin' A=1 11. tan A + cot A = cosec A sec A

 cot [CBSE 2010, 2011]
12. 1+
1+ cosec @
= cOsec 0 13. tan' 0+ cot 0+2= sec' 0cosec' 0
14. sin A cos A (tan A + cot A) = 1 15. (1-tan 0) + (1 + tan 0) = 2sec 0
16. (1+ cot 0)+ (1 - cot 0) = 2 cosec' 0 17. (sin A+cos A)- (sin A-cos A)' = 4 sin Acos A
18 (sin 0-cos ) (tan 0 + cot 0) = sec 0 - cosec 0 19. (1+ sin 0) +(1+cos 0)=3 +2(sin 0+cos 0)
(1+sin, A)² +(1- sin A)? = 2 (ii) sin A (1 +tan A) +cos A(1 +cot A) =sec A+cosec A
20. () 1+ sin A
[CBSE 2008, 2010, 2011, 2016]
Prove that:
21.
() sin Acos (90° -A) + sin (90°- A) cos A = 1
(i) sec Acosec (90° - A) tan A cot (90°-A) = 1
(i) sec (90° - A) cosec A-tan (90°- A) cot A = 1
(ip) tan 0 + tan (90° - 0) = sec 0 sec (90°-0)
cos (45° +0) + cos (45° -0) =1 (NCERT Exemplar, CBSE 2010]
() tan (60 ++0) tan (30°-0)
sin A cos (90°-A) cos A cos A sin (90°- A) sin A
0
(i) sin Acos A sec (90° - A) cosec (90°- A)
sin A cOs A
= sec A cosec A
(vi) sin (90- A) cos (90° - A)
cos (90° -0) 1+sin (90°- 0) [CBSE 2010]
(pin) 1+ sin (90° - 0) cos (90°-0) -2 cosec
(ix) cos' A+cos (90° - A) = sec (90° A) - cot A
22. ) Evaluate:
cos 32°+ cos² 58°
() sin 25° cos 65° + cos 25° sin 65° (iü) sec 50°- cot 40° -4 tan 13° tan 37° tan 53 tan 77°
X
sin 40°+ sin 50° + tan 10° tan 20° tan 60° tan 70° tan 80° [CBSE 2007C]
(ii) cos 20°+ cos 70
sin 15 cos 75° + cos 15° sin 75°
(ip) (sec 10° - cot 80°) + cos sin (90°0)+ sin cos (90°0)
cos² 56° + cos 34o +3 tan 56° tan 34°
() sin 56° + sin 34°
Cot200)2
tan 20 +2 tan 15° tan 37° tan 53° tan 60 tan 75° (CBSE 2003]
(vi) cosec 70o
+
sec 70°

sec 54° cot 36° sin 45o [CBSE 2005]

(vin) cosec 57° - tan 33° +2 sin 38° sec² 52o-

sec -cot (90°- 0) + (sin 40° + sin 50°) [CBSE 2005 C]

(vii)
cosec 67°- tan 23°
cosec (90° - 0) tan²0 2 tan 30° sec² 52° sin 38° [CBSE 2006, 2008, 2010]
(ix) (cosec 70°- tan 20°)
4 (cos 48° + cos 42°)
2 2 cot 58° tan 32o 5
tan 13° tan 37° tan 45° tan 53° tan 77°
[CBSE 2009)
(3)cosec
3
58°. 3
Sin 39° (sin' 21° + sin 699) [CBSE 2010]
(xi) cos 51°
+2 tan 11° tan 31° tan 45° tan 59° tan 79°-3
which the expressions are defined (Qs.23 - 64):
rrove the following identities where the angles involved are acute for
23. (1 +tan' A) (1+sin A) (1 - sin A) =1 24. /sec* 0+ cosec² 0 = an + cot 0 (NCERT Exemplarl
25. (1 -cos A)cosec A=1 26. (secA-1) (cosec' A-1)=1
27. (1- cos? 0) sec? e =tan 0 28. cosec A(1+ cos A) (cosec A- cot A) = 1
cos A
(COsec A+ sin A) (COsec A- sin A)= cot A+
30. (sin 0 + cos 0) (tan 0 + cot 0) = sec +
cosec 0
31.
1+ secA sin? A tan A tan A
Sec A 1- cos A (CBSE 2010, 2012] 32.
1+ sec A 1-sec A
=2 cosec A (NCERT Exemplar, CBSE 20121
sin 0 + cos 0 sin 9-cos 9
33. 2 sec² 0
sin 0- cos 0 sin 0 + cos 0 [CBSE 2005, 2008, 20121
(tan² -1)
34. 1
[CBSE 2006C, 20071
(sin' A- sin' A)
35. (sin0- cos 0 + 1) cosec' 0 = 2 36. (tan'o+ tan² 0) =(sec 0- sec'0) INCERT Exemplar, CBSE 2010]
37. (1 + cot A + tan A)(sin A- cos A) = sec A cosec A
sin A tan A - cot A cos A [CBSE 2008]
cos ec² A see A
38. (cot A - tan A) = (2 cos A-1) 1+ tan' A
2
= tan' A
39. [CBSE 2015, 2016]
sin A cOs A 1+ cot?
40. sec 0+ tan - 1 cos 0 cos 0 - sin 9 + 1
tan - sec 0 + 1
41. = cosec0 + cot 0 [CBSE 2008, 2010, 2013]
1- sin0 cos 0+ sin 0-1
sin e -2sin' 0 sin A -cos A +1
42. = tan 0 [CBSE 2000]1 43. [CBSE 2015]
2 cos 0- cos 0 sin A + cos A -1 (sec A - tan A)
sin A 1
44. = cOsec A + cot A 45. = (sec A- tan A)
1- cos A sec A + tan A
Sec A - tan A
46. () Sec A + tan A =1+2 tan A-2 sec Atan A

sin A + cos A sin A - cos A 2

(i) 4 [CBSE 2009, 2012]
sin A - cos A sin A + cos A sin A - cos A
1-sin - cos0
47. () (sec - tan 0) =
1+ sin 0 (1) (cot 0- cosec e)2= 1+ cos [CBSE 2000C, 2015]

cos sin [CBSE 2000 C, 2012]

48.
(1- tan 0) (sin - cos 0)
= (1 + sin cos 0)
sin +1- cos 9 1+sin sec -1 sin² 0
49. 50.
cos -1+ sin cOs sec +1 (1+ cos 0)
sin sin
51. = 2+ [CBSE 2000]
(cot +cosec ) (cot - cosec )
52. (1-sin + cos 0)² = 2 (1+ cos 0) (1-sin )
1 1 1 1
53. () cosec A- cot A [CBSE 2002 C, 2006, 2013]
sin A sin A COsec A+ cot A

1 1 1 [CBSE 2016]
(i) cosec 0+ cot 0 sin sin 0 COsec 0- cot 0

1 1 1 1
(ii) [CBSE 2005]
sec A + tan A cOs A Cos A sec A + tan A
[CBSE 2010]
54. (sin + sec e) + (cos 0 + cosec 0) = (1 + sec ®cosec 0)
sin 0 1+ cos 0- sin0
cos 0 = (cos 0+ sin 0) 56. = cot
55. sin 0 (1 + cos 0)
(1- tan 0) (cos 9-sin 0)
cosec + cot
57. = (cosec0 + cot 0) =1+2 cot 0 + 2 cosec 9 cot 0
cosec 0-cot 0

58. sinAcos B- cos A sin' B = sin' A - sin B 59. tan'Asec² B-sec Atan? B= tan' A-tan? B
cos A - cos B sin A - sin B
tan A + tan B 61. + = 0
60. = tan A tan B sin A + sin B cos A + cos B
cot A + cot B

sec -1 sec 0 + 1 = 2cosec 0 [CBSE 2001 C, 2006C, 2010, 2011, 2012]

62. +
Vsec +1 V sec -1
 |1 - sin sin 0+ cos 0+ sin 0 cos 0 = 1 (CBSE 2009C]
1+ sin =2sec (CBSE 2001, 2011, 2012] 64. sin 0 + cos 0
63.
V1-sin @ 1+sin 9
[CBSE 2016]
whether 1- tan A =cos A- sin Aor not.
65. (0) If3 tan A =4, check 1+ tan A
2sin 0+3 cos² 0 (CBSE 2013]
(i) Ifcosec 0 = V2, find the value of 4 tan? - cos² 0
1+ tan A [CBSE 2016]
(iin) Simplify 1+ cotA
[CBSE 2010]
+n'=p +.
(iv) If msin + n cos =p and m cos 0 -n sin = q, prove that m
[CBSE 2010, 2012, 2013]
(o) If cos + sin = 1and sin - cos 0 = 1, prove that =2.

[CBSE 2013]
66. () If tan + cot e=2, find tan 0 + cot 0.
Or
1 1 (CBSE 2010, 2011]
If tan + =2, prove that tan² + tan = 2.
tan
(CBSE 2010]
=p, show that = sin 0.
(i) If sec 0 + tan
[CBSE 2001, 2010]
(ün) If V3 tan =3 sin 0, prove that sin 0 - cos²0=.
3
1 [CBSE 2010]
(iv) If sec = + then prove that tan + sec = 2x or
4x 2x
sin 0. [CBSE 2002 C, 2007, 2016]
67. If (cos + sin 0) = V2 cos 0, show that (cos 9 - sin 0) = V2
m²-1 [CBSE 2012, 2015]
=COsA.
68. () If cosec A+ cot A = m, show that m² +1
q-1
+ cos A =0. [CBSE 2014]
(ti) If cosec A - cot A = q, then prove that q' +1
that q(p-1) = 2p. [NCERT Exemplar, CBSE 2010, 2012]
69. If sin + cos 0 =p and sec + cosec 0 = q, then prove [CBSE 2010]
0.
70. If sin + sin 0=1, then find the value of cos + cos [CBSE 2001, 2002C, 2010]
71. Ifx=a sec +b tan and y=atan + b sec 0, prove that x-y =a-b5.
r=+y+z. [CBSE 2010, 2011, 2012]l
72. Ifx =r sin Acos C, y=rsin Asin C, z =r cos A, prove that
73. If cos A - sin A = m and cos A + sin A = n, show that
m²-n? =-2 sin A cos A = 2 [CBSE 2015)
tan A + cot A
m' +n?
74. If X= tan A+ sin A and y = tan A -sin A, prove that
2
[CBSE 2015]
=1

Multiple Choice GQuestions

following questions:
Select the correct answer from the given four options in each of the
1
1. If sin e= then 9 is equal to
(b) 30o (c) 45° (d) 60°
(a) 0°
2. If cos A = 4 then the value of tan A is

3 5
(a) () (c (a) [NCERT Exemplar]
5 3
4
 1
3. If sin A=, then the value of cot Ais
2

1
(a) (b) V3 (a) 1 NCERT Exemplar]
(c)
4. The value of tan 30° is
cot 60°

1
(a) 0 (c) 3 (d) 1 NCERT Exemplar)
5. The value of (sin 45° + cos 45°) is
1
(a) (b) (c) V2 (d) 1 [NCERT Exemplar]
6. The value of (sin 30° + cos 30°) - (sin 60° + cos 60) is
(a) -1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2 [NCERT Exemplar]
7. sin 2A=2 sinA cos A is true when A is equal to
(a) 0° (b) 30° (c) 45° (d) All of these
8. If AABC is right angled atC, then the value of cos (A + B) is

(6) (c) (d) 1 NCERT Exemplar]

2
9. If 0 =60, then sin - cos 0 is

(a) 0 V3 +1 3-1 J3-1

(b) (c) (d)
2 V3 2
10. In the given figure, AD =3cm, BD =4 cm and CB = 12 cm, then tan equals:
A

3cm

12 cm B

5 4 12
(a (6) (c) (d) [CBSE 2010]
4 12 3 5
11. 5 tan' 0-5sec0 is
(a) 1 (b) -5 (c) 0 (d) 5 [CBSE 2011]
m
12. If sin 9 = then tan 0 is

m?
(a) (b) (c) (d) [CBSE 2013]

13. Ifx =2sin' 0, y=2cos' 0+1, then the value of x+yis:

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) (d) 1 [CBSE 2010, 2011]
2

14. In the given figure, if D is mid-point of BC, then the value of y is

cot x°

1
(a) 2 (b) 4

1
(c) 3 (d) [CBSE 2010]
D
.e In the given figure, if PS = 14 cm, then value of tan 0 is equal to:
4 14
(6) 3
3
5
R
(o) () [CBSE 2010, 2013]
3 3 13 cm 5 cm

6 If sec 0- tan = then the value of (sec 0 + tan 0) is P

3

(b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 [CBSE 2010]

(a) 1
17. 9cosec A-9 cotA-9 is equal to
(b) 18 (c) 0 (d) -18 [CBSE 2013]
(a) 9
3
18. If 3x=sec 0 and = tan 0, the value of

(a) 9 (b) 3 (c) (d) 1 [CBSE 2013]

7 8 tcos ) (1 - os0)
19. If cot = or tan = 7, then the value of (1-sin 0) (1+ sin 0) is:

49 64
(a (6) (C (a) [CBSE 2010]
64 49

(4 sin 9- cos
20. If 4tan = 3, then is equal to
4 sin 0 + cos

2 1 1 3
(0) (b) (a) [NCERT Exemplar]
3 4
21. AABC is a right triangle, right angled at C, then the value of cosec A- tan Bis
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 2 (d) -2 [CBSE 2011]
22. If sin = cos 0, then the value of cosec 0 is
2
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) (d) N2 [CBSE 2010, 2011]

23. The value of (tan 1° tan 2°... tan 89°) is

1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 2
[NCERT Exemplar, CBSE 2011]

24. Given that sin =, then cos is equal to

b b
(a) (5) (c) (d) [NCERT Exemplar]
Jo²-a
25.
1+ tan A
1+ cot A
(a) sec A (b) tan'A (c) cot A (d) -1 [CBSE 2012]
26. The value of sin? 30° +cos² 45° +cos' 30° is
1 V3 ()
3
(d) [CBSE 2010]
(a) (6) 2 2

cos 40° + cos 50° 2

then K is:
27. If
2 (sin 59° + sin 31°) K

1 1
(b) (c) (d) 4 [CBSE 2013]
(a) 2
4
 28. (sec A + tan A) (1 - sin A) =
(a) sin A cos A
29. If cos 9a = sin a and9a < 90°,
(b) cosec A (c) sec A (a) [CBSE 2010]
then the value of tan 5a is
(a) (6) V3 (d) 0
(c) 1
30. cot 10° cot 15° cot 75° cot 80 is [NCERT Exemplar, CBSE 2011])
equal to
(a) 0 (b) -1 (d) cannot be determined
(c) 1
31. If cos (20 + 0) = sin 30°, then the value of 0 [CBSE 2013]
is
(a) 20° (b) 50° (d) 40° [CBSE 2010]
(c) 30°
32. Given that cos =-, then the value of 2 sec 0
is
2 1+ tan 0
(a) 1 1
(b) 2 () (d) 0 [CBSE 2010]
2
33. If cosec 0= 2r and cot @= , the value of 2x- is
(a) (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 4 [CBSE 2010]
34.
1+ sinA
V1-sin A
(a) sec A+ tan' A (b) secA+ tan A (c) sec'A- tan A (d) secA- tan A
35. Ifx =acos and y = b sin 0, then b'x+a-a =
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 0 (d) 2ab [CBSE 2012]
36. Ifx =a sec 9 and y= btan 0, then b-a'=
(a) b-a (b) at? (c) b-at (d) a+?
37. If acos + b sin =p and a sin 0-b cos 0 = g, thena +b'=
(a) p'g (b) p () f-p
SUMMARY A
C
In this chapter, we have learnt the angle
following concepts:
1. In a right triangle ABC, right-angled at B, to
Side opposite to angle A opposite
sin A = COs A= Side adjacent to angle A
Hypotenuse Hypotenuse Hypotenuse
tan A = Side opposite to angle A Side
Side adjacent to angle A
1 1 1 sin A
2. cosec A = sec A = tan A = A
sin A cos A cot A cos A Side adjacent to
angle A
3. Ifone of the trigonometric ratios of an acute angle is
known, the remaining trigonometric ratios of the angle can be easily
determined.
4. The values of trigonometric ratios for angles 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°.
5. The value of sin A or cos Anever exceeds 1, whereas the value of sec A or
6. sin (90°- A) = cos A, cosec A is always greater than or equal to 1.
cos (90° - A) = sin A
tan (90° -A) = cot A, cot (90°-A) = tan A
sec (90°-A) = cosec A, cosec (90° - A) = sec A
7. sin' A+ cos A =1
8. sec A- tan A=1 for 0°SA<90°
9. cosec A- cotA=1for 0° <As90°.