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Harmonics Case Study

Harmonics case study

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32 views8 pages

Harmonics Case Study

Harmonics case study

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© © All Rights Reserved
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SELVASUBRAMANIAN A

[ www.linkedin.com/in/selvasubramaniana/ ]

STUDY CASE: Comparison Of Without Harmonics And Harmonics Injection:

o Case1: Without Harmonics

o Case2: With Harmonics Injection (Non-Linear Load)

o Case3: Non-Linear Load + Capacitor

o Case4: Non-Linear Load + Capacitor + Reactance

FIG. Simulation Without Harmonics And Harmonics Injection

1
SELVASUBRAMANIAN A
[ www.linkedin.com/in/selvasubramaniana/ ]

FIG. Harmonics Injection in load

2
SELVASUBRAMANIAN A
[ www.linkedin.com/in/selvasubramaniana/ ]

 In the simulation above, we observed that injecting harmonics increased current flow to
the grid, particularly in the 5th harmonic order. During the LFA, the power factor (pf) on
the grid was measured at 81.92%.

FIG. LFA Simulation

 To increase the pf we need to add capacitor bank in it.


 Calculation for capacitor bank:

( )

P = 21.25 MW (taken from load)

1 = COS-1 (0.85) = 31.788

2 = COS-1 (0.95) = 18.194

Q = 6.184 MVAr

3
SELVASUBRAMANIAN A
[ www.linkedin.com/in/selvasubramaniana/ ]

FIG. LFA Simulation after adding capacitor bank

 The capacitor bank of 6.184 Mvar has improved the power factor of the system from 81.92%
to 93.05%. This is applicable only for Non-Linear Load.

FIG. Harmonics Simulation after adding capacitance

4
SELVASUBRAMANIAN A
[ www.linkedin.com/in/selvasubramaniana/ ]

 The use of capacitor banks has significantly increased current harmonic distortion from
36.31% to 75.24% and voltage harmonic distortion from 26.86% to 46.52%.

 The rated current of capacitor bank is 324.6A but the current flowing through the capacitor is
842.3A.
 In LFA, 317.5 A of current only flows through the capacitor. During harmonic injection, the
capacitor amplifies the ITHD.

Note: Capacitor bank has amplified the current and voltage harmonic distortion.

 To Find True Pf = Displacement Pf * Distortion Pf

5
SELVASUBRAMANIAN A
[ www.linkedin.com/in/selvasubramaniana/ ]

-Displacement Pf = 93.05 (Pf near Grid by Lfa)

-Distortion Pf = 1/Sqrt (1+ (Thd* Thd))

-Displacement Pf is greater than the true Pf, because of the Impact of Harmonic Injection.

FIG. Harmonics Simulation after adding reactance

6
SELVASUBRAMANIAN A
[ www.linkedin.com/in/selvasubramaniana/ ]

 In the above simulation, we can see when we placed reactance current flowing to the grid is
now decreasing in the 5th order of harmonics.

 Calculation for reactance:


1. Amp = capacitor fla (Equal to or greater than it)

2. Z = X1
 X1 = h2 / Xc
i. Xc = Capacitor inductance value from etap.
ii. H = Order in which harmonics current flows high.

FIG. Voltage time curve

7
SELVASUBRAMANIAN A
[ www.linkedin.com/in/selvasubramaniana/ ]

FIG. Voltage frequency curve


 Using A Passive Filter, Where The Reactor Is Appropriately Sized For The Capacitor,
Effectively Cancels Out The Fifth-Order Harmonic And Provides An Impedance Path
Similar To The Conventional Setup But With Reduced Impedance.
 The Voltage At The Capacitor Terminal Bus Increases Because, With A Series Capacitor
And Inductance, Capacitive Current Flows Through The Inductance, Raising The Bus
Voltage. To Ensure The Capacitor Remains Safe, Its Voltage Rating Is Chosen Higher Than
The Bus Voltage, Such As 480V Or 525V.

Note:

In ETAP There Is An Assumption That The Harmonics Are Balanced In All The Three
Phases.

Conclusion: While Operating Without Harmonics Is Ideal For Maintaining High Power
Quality And Equipment Longevity, Harmonics Injection Is Crucial For Advanced Control
And Specific Applications In Modern Electrical Systems. Balancing These Approaches Can
Lead To Optimized Performance And Efficiency.

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