Scribd
Upload
237 views33 pages

Maturity Indices

Uploaded by

Sujith Kesavan Vadakke Illath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
237 views33 pages

Maturity Indices

Uploaded by

Sujith Kesavan Vadakke Illath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

MATURITY INDICES

THASNI A
POST HARVEST HANDLING-STEPS

HARVESTING

PRE COOLING

WASHING

GRADING/SORTING

PACKAGING

STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION


HARVESTING

Stage of Harvesting Time of Harvesting Method of Harvesting


Maturity indices
• Measurement or measurements that can be used to determine whether a particular
commodity is mature or not.

Horticultural maturity Vs Physiological maturity

• Horticultural maturity: Stage of development when a plant or plant part possesses


the prerequisites for utilization by the consumers for a particular purpose

Physiological maturity: Stage of development when the produce completes the


development process.
Determination of maturity indices

Computational methods
Physical methods
Calendar date
Size, Weight, Shape , Surface
Days from full bloom to harvest morphology, Specific gravity
(DFFB)

Physiological methods
Chemical methods
Respiration rate
Acidity, TSS, Oil content
Ethylene evolution rate
Hand refractometer – for measuring TSS
Maturity indices of Tomato

• CALENDER DATE
o Duration of the crop is 110-115 days after transplanting (135-140 days
from sowing)
• PHYSICAL METHODS
o Colour is the single most important criteria in maturity of tomatoes
depending upon distance of transportation
o Can be grouped into 6 stages on the basis of maturity
• Mature green: fruit color changes from green to yellowish, harvested
for Long distance transport (LDT)
• Turning and breaker stage: 1/4th portion of fruit changes in pink
colour, shoulder remains – yellowish, harvested for LDT
• Pink stage: 3/4th fruit portion becomes pink, harvest for local market
• Light red: Entire fruit surface turns into red or pink: local market,
flesh- firm
• Red ripe: Fully ripened & coloured, flesh- soft, harvested for
processing and seed extraction
Maturity indices of chilli

✓ Harvested at two stages - green vegetable and dry chillies

✓ Green chillies are harvested when they are fully mature and before they
change from green to red

✓ Chillies for drying should be harvested when colour changes from green to
red
Maturity indices of watermelon

• Calender date: Fruits are ready for harvest in 90 to 120 days from
sowing.
• Physical method :
a) Withering of tendril
b) Thumping: Ripe fruits when thumped with finger give out heavy dull
sound, whereas the immature fruits give metallic sound.
• c) The portion of fruit, which rests on the ground, turned yellowing at
maturity.
Maturity indices of muskmelon

• Calender date
• Fruits will be ready for picking in about 110 days depending upon variety.
• Fruit retention strength:
• The fruits when mature slips out easily from the vine with little pressure or
jerk or if not it will remain separated from the vine next day. This is called
full slip stage.
Pumpkin 75 to 180 days for maturity from sowing.

Cucumber 60to70 days of sowing.

Bitter gourd Immature fruits are harvested after 50-60 DAS.

Bottle gourd 60-70 DAS

Snakegourd 70-80 DAS


Maturity indices of Okra

o Size increase is a good indicator for okra maturity

o Pods should be not more than 7 cm long and pedicel should be tender.

o Okra harvested 6th day after anthesis are more palatable, economical and last
longer
Maturity indices of peas

Tenderness - Tenderometer

16
Cowpea,yard long bean and winged bean

❖ Computational Method
DFFB - 16-17 days
❖ Physical method
Well-filled pods snap readily

17
Leafy vegetables

➢ Most leafy vegetable should be harvested before they bloom.

➢ Amaranthus-dark green/red leaves harvested with stalk

➢ Palak-leaves length around 30 cm, dark green, pluck individual leaves.

➢ Lettuce - firmness based on hand pressure, solidity


❖ Cabbage – Solid heads –Solidity
❖ Cauliflower – Compact curd
❖ Potato, onion and garlic - Tops beginning to dry and
topple clown

19
Maturity indices of Mango
✓ fullness of shoulders
✓ Peel colour changes from dark green to olive green
✓ One or two ripe fruits fall from the tree naturally (Tapka stage)
✓ Specific gravity: 1.01 – 1.02
✓ TSS: 11-15 °Brix

20
Maturity indices of Banana
➢ Degree of fullness of the fingers i.e disaapearence of angularity in a cross section
➢ Drying of plant parts
➢ Pulp to peel ratio: 1.2 – 1.6 %

Angularity/Finger filling
21
Maturity indices of Jackfruit

✓ Fruit colour : Changes from green to pale green/ yellow.


✓ Thickening of latex.
✓ Resonance: A dull, hollow sound is produced when the fruit is
tapped by the finger.
Maturity indices of pineapple

➢ Calender date: 105 to 130 days or15 to 18 months for maturity

➢ Flattening of eyes

➢ Specific gravity- 0.98 – 1.02


Papaya
APPLE
➢ Peel colour changes from dark to light
➢ DFFB: 120-125 Days
green and yellowish streaks appear at the
apical end. ➢ TSS at maturity – at least 12% soluble
solids
➢ Density and flow of latex from fruit
decreases ➢ Development of T stage – bottom
part of the fruit and stalk form a
➢ Pulp colour changes to yellow, orange or
shape similar to letter ‘T’
red and seeds become greyish in colour
along with jellyness
MCQ - 1
………Stage of development when a plant or plant part possesses the prerequisites
for utilization by the consumers for a particular purpose

A. Maturity index B. Horticultural maturity

C. Physiological maturity D. None of the above


MCQ - 1
………Stage of development when a plant or plant part possesses the prerequisites
for utilization by the consumers for a particular purpose

A. Maturity index B. Horticultural maturity

C. Physiological maturity D. None of the above


MCQ 2
Disappearence of angularity is the maturity index of which crop?

A. Mango

B. Banana

C. Muskmelon

D. None of the above


MCQ 2
Disappearence of angularity is the maturity index of which crop?

A. Mango

B. Banana

C. Muskmelon

D. None of the above


MCQ 3
A dull hollow sound when tapped is the maturity index of _________ crop.

A. Papaya B. Avocado

C. Watermelon D. Muskmelon
MCQ 3
A dull hollow sound when tapped is the maturity index of _________ crop.

A. Papaya B. Avocado

C. Watermelon D. Muskmelon
MCQ 4
Choose the correct option?

A. Tapka stage - Mango B. T stage - Apple

C. Flattening of eyes - Pineapple D. All of these


MCQ 4
Choose the correct option?

A. Tapka stage - Mango B. T stage - Apple

C. Flattening of eyes - Pineapple D. All of these

You might also like