CHAPTER – 8

LINE AND ANGLE

Exercise – 8.1
Page number 8.7

Question 1: Write the complement of each of the following angles:

(i)200
(ii)350
(iii)900
(iv) 770
(v)300
Solution:
(i) The sum of an angle and its complement = 900
Therefore, the complement of 200 = 900 – 200 = 700
(ii) The sum of an angle and its complement = 900
Therefore, the complement of 35° = 90° – 35° = 55
(iii) The sum of an angle and its complement = 900
Therefore, the complement of 900 = 900 – 900 = 00
(iv) The sum of an angle and its complement = 900
Therefore, the complement of 770 = 90° – 770 = 130
(v) The sum of an angle and its complement = 900
Therefore, the complement of 300 = 900 – 300 = 600
Question 2: Write the supplement of each of the following angles:
(i) 540
(ii) 1320
(iii) 1380
Solution:
(i) The sum of an angle and its supplement = 1800.
Therefore, supplement of angle 540 = 1800 – 540 = 1260

(ii) The sum of an angle and its supplement = 1800.

Therefore, supplement of angle 1320 = 1800 – 1320 = 480

(iii) The sum of an angle and its supplement = 1800.

Therefore, supplement of angle 1380 = 1800 – 1380 = 420

Question 3: If an angle is 280 less than its complement, find its

measure?
Solution:
Let the measure of any angle is ‘a’ degrees
Thus, its complement will be (90 – a) 0
So, the required angle = Complement of a – 28
a = (90 – a) – 28
2a = 62 = 31
Hence, the angle measured is 310.
Question 4: If an angle is 30° more than one half of its complement,
find the measure of the angle?
Solution:
Let an angle measured by ‘a’ in degrees
Thus, its complement will be (90 – a) 0
Required Angle = 300 + complement/2
0 (90–𝑎)0
a = 30 +
2
𝑎
a + = 300 + 450
2
3𝑎
= 750
2

a = 500
Therefore, the measure of required angle is 500.

Question 5: Two supplementary angles are in the ratio 4: 5. Find the

angles?
Solution:
Two supplementary angles are in the ratio 4:5.
Let us say, the angles are 4a and 5a (in degrees)
Since angle are supplementary angles;
Which implies, 4a + 5a = 1800
9a = 1800
a = 200
Therefore, 4a = 4 (20) = 800 and
5(a) = 5 (20) = 1000
Hence, required angles are 80° and 1000.

Question 6: Two supplementary angles differ by 480. Find the angles?

Solution:
Given: Two supplementary angles differ by 480.
Consider a0 be one angle then its supplementary angle will be equal to
(180 – a) 0
According to the question;
(180 – a) – x = 48
(180 – 48) = 2a
132 = 2a
132
=a
2

Or a = 660
Therefore, 180 – a = 1140
Hence, the two angles are 660 and 1140.

Question 7: An angle is equal to 8 times its complement. Determine

its measure?
Solution:
Given: Required angle = 8 times of its complement
Consider a0 be one angle then its complementary angle will be equal to
(90 – a) 0
According to the question;
a = 8 times of its complement
a = 8 (90 – a)
a = 720 – 8a
a + 8a = 720
9a = 720
a = 80
Therefore, the required angle is 800.

Question 8: If the angles (2x − 10) ° and (x − 5) ° are complementary

angles, find x.
Solution:
It is given that (2x − 10) ° and (x − 5) ° are complementary angles.
Therefore, their sum must be equal to 90°.
Thus,
(2𝑥 − 10) + (𝑥 − 5) = 90
2𝑥 + 𝑥 − 10 − 5 = 90
3𝑥 − 15 = 90
3𝑥 = 90 + 15
3𝑥 = 105
105
𝑥=
3

𝑥 = 35
Hence the value of x is 35°.
Question 9: If an angle differs from its complement by 10°, find the
angle.
Solution:
Let the angle measures x°
Therefore, the measure of its complement becomes (90 − 𝑥 )°
According to the question the above mentioned complementary angles
differ by 10°.
Thus,
𝑥 − (90 − 𝑥 ) = 10
𝑥 − 90 + 𝑥 = 10
2𝑥 = 10 + 90
2𝑥 = 100
100
𝑥=
2

𝑥 = 50
Hence the required angle measures 50°.

Question 10: If the supplement of an angle is two-third of itself.

Determine the angle and its supplement.
Solution:
Let the angle measures x°.
Therefore, the measure of its supplement is (180 − 𝑥 )°
It is given that the supplement is two third of itself, this means
 2
(180 − 𝑥 ) = (𝑥 )
3

3(180 − 𝑥 ) = 2(𝑥 )
540 − 3𝑥 = 2𝑥
−3𝑥 − 2𝑥 = −540
−5𝑥 = −540
−540
𝑥=
−5

𝑥 = 108
Now, let’s calculate the supplement
180 − 𝑥 = 180 − 108
= 72
Hence, the measure of the angle and its supplement are 180° and 72°
respectively.

Question 11: An angle is 14° more than its complementary angle.

What is its measure?
Solution:
Let the angle measures x°
Therefore, the measure of its complement becomes (90 − 𝑥 )°
According to the given statement, the angle is 14 more than its
complement.
Thus we have,
𝑥 = 14 + (90 − 𝑥 )
𝑥 = 104 − 𝑥
𝑥 + 𝑥 = 104
2𝑥 = 104
104
𝑥=
2

𝑥 = 52
The measure of its complement becomes
90 − 𝑥 = 90 − 52
= 38
Hence, the required angle measures 52° and its complement measures
38°.

Question 12: The measure of an angle is twice the measure of its

supplementary angle. Find its measure.
Solution:
Let the angle measures x°
Therefore, the measure of its supplement becomes (180 − 𝑥 )°
According to the given statement, the required angle is twice the
supplement.
Thus
𝑥 = 2(180 − 𝑥 )
𝑥 = 360 − 2𝑥
𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 360
3𝑥 = 360
360
𝑥=
3
 𝑥 = 120
Hence the required angle measures 120°.

Question 13: If the complement of an angle is equal to the supplement

of the thrice of it. Find the measure of the angle.
Solution:
Let the angle measures x°
Therefore, the measure of its complementary angle becomes (90 − 𝑥 )°
Also, supplement of its thrice means (180 − 3𝑥 )°
According to the question,
90 − 𝑥 = 180 − 3𝑥
−𝑥 + 3𝑥 = 180 − 90
2𝑥 = 90
90
𝑥=
2

𝑥 = 45
Hence, the required angle measures 45°.

Question 14: If the supplement of an angle is three times its

complement, find the angle.
Solution:
Let the angle measures x°
Therefore, the measure of its complement is (90 − 𝑥 )° and measure of its
supplement is (180 − 𝑥 )°
According to the question the supplement of 𝑥 is three times the
complement, this means
180 − 𝑥 = 3(90 − 𝑥 )
180 − 𝑥 = 270 − 3𝑥
−𝑥 + 3𝑥 = 270 − 180
2𝑥 = 90
𝑥 = 45
Hence, the required angle measures 45°.
 Exercise 8.2
Page number 8.14

Question 1: In the below Fig. OA and OB are opposite rays:

(i) If x = 250, what is the value of y?
(ii) If y = 350, what is the value of x?

Solution:
(i) Given: x = 25
From figure: ∠AOC and ∠BOC form a linear pair
Which implies, ∠AOC + ∠BOC = 1800
From the figure, ∠AOC = 2y + 5 and ∠BOC = 3x
∠AOC + ∠BOC = 1800
(2y + 5) + 3x = 180
(2y + 5) + 3 (25) = 180
2y + 5 + 75 = 180
2y + 80 = 180
2y = 100
100
y= = 50
2
Therefore, y = 500. Answer!!

(ii) Given: y = 350

From figure: ∠AOC + ∠BOC = 180° (Linear pair angles)
(2y + 5) + 3x = 180
(2(35) + 5) + 3x = 180
75 + 3x = 180
3x = 105
x = 35
Therefore, x = 350

Question 2: In the below figure, write all pairs of adjacent angles and
all the linear pairs.

Solution: From figure, pairs of adjacent angles are:

(∠AOC, ∠COB); (∠AOD, ∠BOD); (∠AOD, ∠COD); (∠BOC, ∠COD)
And Linear pair of angles are (∠AOD, ∠BOD) and (∠AOC, ∠BOC).
[As ∠AOD + ∠BOD = 1800 and ∠AOC+ ∠BOC = 1800.]
Question 3: In the given figure, find x. Further find ∠BOC, ∠COD
and ∠AOD.

Solution:
From figure, ∠AOD and ∠BOD form a linear pair,
Therefore, ∠AOD + ∠BOD = 1800
Also, ∠AOD + ∠BOC + ∠COD = 1800
Given: ∠AOD = (x+10)0, ∠COD = x0 and ∠BOC = (x + 20) 0
(x + 10) + x + (x + 20) = 180
3x + 30 = 180
3x = 180 – 30
150
x=
3

x = 500
Now,
∠AOD = (x + 10) =50 + 10 = 60
∠COD = x = 50
∠BOC = (x + 20) = 50 + 20 = 70
Hence, ∠AOD = 600, ∠COD = 500 and ∠BOC = 700
Question 4: In figure, rays OA, OB, OC, OD and OE have the
common end point O. Show that
∠AOB + ∠BOC + ∠COD + ∠DOE + ∠EOA = 360°.

Solution:
Given: Rays OA, OB, OC, OD and OE have the common endpoint O.
Draw an opposite ray OX to ray OA, which make a straight line AX.

From figure:
∠AOB and ∠BOX are linear pair angles, therefore,
∠AOB + ∠BOX = 1800
Or, ∠AOB + ∠BOC + ∠COX = 1800 —–—– (1)
Also,
∠AOE and ∠EOX are linear pair angles, therefore,
∠AOE + ∠EOX = 180°
Or, ∠AOE + ∠DOE + ∠DOX = 1800 —– (2)
By adding equations, (1) and (2), we get;
∠AOB + ∠BOC + ∠COF + ∠AOE + ∠DOF + ∠DOE = 1800 + 1800
∠AOB + ∠BOC + ∠COD + ∠DOE + ∠EOA = 3600
Hence Proved.

Question 5: In figure, ∠AOC and ∠BOC form a linear pair. If a – 2b

= 30°, find a and b?

Solution:
Given: ∠AOC and ∠BOC form a linear pair.
⇒ a + b = 1800 …... (1)
a – 2b = 300 …... (2) (given)
On subtracting equation (2) from (1), we get
a + b – a + 2b = 180 – 30
3b = 150
150
b=
3
 b = 500
Since, a – 2b = 300
a – 2(50) = 30
a = 30 + 100
a = 1300
Therefore, the values of a and b are 130° and 50° respectively.

Question 6: How many pairs of adjacent angles are formed when

two lines intersect at a point?
Solution: Four pairs of adjacent angles are formed when two lines
intersect each other at a single point.
For example, let two lines AB and CD intersect at point O.

The 4 pair of adjacent angles are:

(∠AOD, ∠DOB), (∠DOB, ∠BOC), (∠COA, ∠AOD) and (∠BOC,
∠COA).

Question 7: How many pairs of adjacent angles, in all, can you name
in figure given?
Solution: Number of Pairs of adjacent angles, from the figure, are:
∠EOC and ∠DOC
∠EOD and ∠DOB
∠DOC and ∠COB
∠EOD and ∠DOA
∠DOC and ∠COA
∠BOC and ∠BOA
∠BOA and ∠BOD
∠BOA and ∠BOE
∠EOC and ∠COA
∠EOC and ∠COB
Hence, there are 10 pairs of adjacent angles.

Question 8: In figure, determine the value of x.

Solution:
The sum of all the angles around a point O is equal to 360°.
Therefore,
3x + 3x + 150 + x = 3600
7x = 3600 – 1500
7x = 2100
210
x=
7

x = 300
Hence, the value of x is 30°.

Question 9: In figure, AOC is a line, find x.

Solution:
From the figure, ∠AOB and ∠BOC are linear pairs,
∠AOB +∠BOC =180°
70 + 2x = 180
2x = 180 – 70
2x = 110
110
x=
2

x = 55
Therefore, the value of x is 550.

Question 10: In figure, POS is a line, find x.

Solution:
From figure, ∠POQ and ∠QOS are linear pairs.
Therefore,
∠POQ + ∠QOS = 1800
∠POQ + ∠QOR + ∠SOR = 1800
 600 + 4x + 400 = 1800
4x = 1800 – 1000
4x = 800
x = 200
Hence, the value of x is 200.

Question 11: In the given figure, ACB is a line such that ∠DCA =
5x and ∠DCB = 4x. Find the values of ∠DCA and ∠DCB.

Solution:
It is given that ACB is a line in the figure given below.
Thus, ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 and ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 form a linear pair.

Therefore, their sum must be equal to 180°.

Or, we can say that
∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 + ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 180°
Also, ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 = 4𝑥 and ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 5𝑥. This further simplifies to:
4𝑥 + 5𝑥 = 180
9𝑥 = 180
180
𝑥=
9

𝑥 = 20
∴ ∠𝐷𝐶𝐴 = 5𝑥 = 5 × 20° = 100°
∠𝐷𝐶𝐵 = 4𝑥 = 4 × 20° = 80°
Hence, the values of ∠DCA and ∠DCB are 100∘ and 80∘ respectively.

Question 12: In the given figure, ∠POR = 3x and ∠QOR = 2x + 10,

find the value of x for which POQ will be a line.

Solution:
Here we have POQ as a line
So, ∠𝑃𝑂𝑅 and ∠𝑄𝑂𝑅 form a linear pair.
Therefore, their sum must be equal to 180°.
Or, we can say that
∠𝑃𝑂𝑅 + ∠𝑄𝑂𝑅 = 180°
It is given that ∠𝑃𝑂𝑅 = (3𝑥 )° and ∠𝑄𝑂𝑅 = (2𝑥 + 10)°. On substituting
these values above, we get:
3𝑥 + (2𝑥 + 10) = 180
3𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 10 = 180
5𝑥 + 10 = 180
5𝑥 = 180 − 10
5𝑥 = 170
170
𝑥=
5

𝑥 = 34
Hence, the value of x is 34°.
Question 13: What value of y would make AOB a line in the given
figure, if ∠AOC = 4y and ∠BOC = (6y + 30)

Solution:
Let us assume, 𝐴𝑂𝐵 as a straight line.
This makes ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 and ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 to form a linear pair. Therefore, their sum
must be equal to .

We can say that:

∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 + ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 180°
Also, ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 4𝑦 and ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 6𝑦 + 30. This further simplifies to:
4𝑦 + (6𝑦 + 30) = 180
10𝑦 + 30 = 180
10𝑦 = 180 − 30
10𝑦 = 150
150
𝑦=
10

𝑦 = 15
Hence, the value of 𝑦 = 15° makes 𝐴𝑂𝐵 as a line.
Question 14: In the given figure, OP, OQ, OR and OS are four rays.
Prove that:
∠POQ + ∠QOR + ∠SOR + ∠POS = 360°

Solution:
Let us draw as a straight line.

Since, TOP is a line, therefore, ∠POQ, ∠QOR and ∠ROT form a linear
pair.
Also, ∠POS and ∠SOT form a linear pair.
Thus, we have:
∠POQ + ∠QOR + ∠ROT = 180° (i)
And
∠POS + ∠SOT = 180° (ii)
On adding (i) and (ii), we get:
(∠𝑃𝑂𝑄 + ∠𝑄𝑂𝑅 + ∠𝑅𝑂𝑇) + (∠𝑃𝑂𝑆 + ∠𝑆𝑂𝑇) = 180° + 180°
∠𝑃𝑂𝑄 + ∠𝑄𝑂𝑅 + (∠𝑅𝑂𝑇 + ∠𝑆𝑂𝑇) + ∠𝑃𝑂𝑆 = 360°
∠𝑃𝑂𝑄 + ∠𝑄𝑂𝑅 + ∠𝑆𝑂𝑅 + ∠𝑃𝑂𝑆 = 360°
Hence proved.

Question 15: In the given figure, ray OS stand on a line POQ,

Ray OR and ray OT are angle bisectors of ∠POS and
∠SOQ respectively. If ∠POS = x, find ∠ROT.

Solution:
In the figure given below, we have
Ray 𝑂𝑅 as the bisector of ∠𝑃𝑂𝑆
Therefore,
∠𝑃𝑂𝑅 = ∠𝑅𝑂𝑆
Or,
∠𝑃𝑂𝑆 = 2∠𝑅𝑂𝑆 (I)

Similarly, Ray 𝑂𝑇 as the bisector of ∠𝑆𝑂𝑄

Therefore,
∠𝑇𝑂𝑄 = ∠𝑇𝑂𝑆
Or,
∠𝑄𝑂𝑆 = 2∠𝑇𝑂𝑆 (II)
Also, Ray 𝑂𝑆 stand on a line 𝑃𝑂𝑄. Therefore, ∠𝑃𝑂𝑆 and ∠𝑄𝑂𝑆 form a
linear pair.
Thus,
∠𝑃𝑂𝑆 + ∠𝑄𝑂𝑆 = 180°
From (I) and (II):
2∠𝑅𝑂𝑆 + 2∠𝑇𝑂𝑆 = 180°
2(∠𝑅𝑂𝑆 + ∠𝑇𝑂𝑆) = 180°
180°
∠𝑅𝑂𝑆 + ∠𝑇𝑂𝑆 =
2

∠𝑅𝑂𝑇 = 90°
Hence, the value of ∠𝑅𝑂𝑇 is 90°.
Question 16: In the given figure, lines PQ and RS intersect each other
at point O. If ∠POR: ∠ROQ = 5: 7, find all the angles.

Solution:
Let ∠POR and ∠ROQ be 5𝑥 and 7𝑥 respectively.

Since, Ray 𝑂𝑅 stand on line 𝑃𝑄𝑅.Thus, ∠POR and ∠ROQ form a linear
pair.
Therefore, their sum must be equal to 180°.
Or,
∠POR + ∠ROQ = 180°
5𝑥 + 7𝑥 = 180°
12𝑥 = 180°
 180°
𝑥=
2

𝑥 = 15° (i)
Thus,
∠POR = 5x
= 5(15)
= 75
∠POR = 75°
Thus,
∠ROQ = 7x
= 7(15)
= 105
∠ROQ = 105°
It is evident from the figure, that ∠𝑄𝑂𝑆 and ∠𝑃𝑂𝑅 are vertically opposite
angles.
And we know that vertically opposite angles are equal.
Therefore,
∠𝑄𝑂𝑆 = ∠𝑃𝑂𝑅
∠𝑄𝑂𝑆 = 75°
Similarly, ∠POR and ∠ROQ are vertically opposite angles.
And we know that vertically opposite angles are equal.
Therefore,
∠𝑃𝑂𝑆 = ∠𝑅𝑂𝑄
∠𝑃𝑂𝑆 = 105°
Question 17: In the given figure, a is greater than b by one third of a
right-angle. Find the values of 𝒂 and b.

Solution:
It is given that in the figure given below; a is greater than b by one-third
of a right angle.

1
Or we can say that, the difference between a and b is (90°).
3

That is;
1
𝑎 − 𝑏 = (90°)
3

𝑎 − 𝑏 = 30° (i)
Also 𝑎 and b form a linear pair. Therefore, their sum must be equal to
180°.
We can say that:
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 180° (ii)
On adding (i) and (ii), we get:
2𝑎 = 180 + 30
2𝑎 = 210
210
𝑎=
2

𝑎 = 105
On putting, 𝑎 = 150 in (i):
105 − 𝑏 = 30
−𝑏 = 30 − 105
−𝑏 = −75
𝑏 = 75
Hence, the values are 𝑎 = 150° and 𝑏 = 75°.

Question 18: If the given figure, ∠AOF and ∠FOG form a linear pair.
∠EOB = ∠FOC = 90° and ∠DOC = ∠FOG = ∠AOB = 30°

(i) Find the measure of ∠FOE, ∠COB and ∠DOE.

(ii) Name all the right angles.
(iii) Name three pairs of adjacent complementary angles.
(iv) Name three pairs of adjacent supplementary angles.
(v) Name three pairs of adjacent angles.
Solution:
The given figure is as follows:

(i)
It is given that ∠AOB, ∠FOE, ∠EOB and ∠FOG form a linear pair.
Therefore, their sum must be equal to 180°.
That is,
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 + ∠𝐹𝑂𝐸 + ∠𝐸𝑂𝐵 + ∠𝐹𝑂𝐺 = 180°
It is given that:
∠𝐹𝑂𝐺 = 30°,
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 30° and
∠𝐸𝑂𝐵 = 90° in equation above, we get:
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 + ∠𝐹𝑂𝐸 + ∠𝐸𝑂𝐵 + ∠𝐹𝑂𝐺 = 180°
30° + ∠𝐹𝑂𝐸 + 90° + 30° = 180°
∠𝐹𝑂𝐸 + 150° = 180°
∠𝐹𝑂𝐸 = 180° − 150°
 ∠𝐹𝑂𝐸 = 30°
It is given that:
∠𝐹𝑂𝐶 = 90°
From the above figure:
∠𝐹𝑂𝐸 + ∠𝐷𝑂𝐸 + ∠𝐶𝑂𝐷 = 90°
30° + ∠𝐷𝑂𝐸 + 30° = 90°
∠𝐷𝑂𝐸 + 60° = 90°
∠𝐷𝑂𝐸 = 90° − 60°
∠𝐷𝑂𝐸 = 30°
Similarly, we have:
∠𝐸𝑂𝐵 = 90°
From the above figure:
∠𝐷𝑂𝐸 + ∠𝐷𝑂𝐶 + ∠𝐶𝑂𝐵 = 90°
30° + 30° + ∠𝐶𝑂𝐵 = 90°
∠𝐶𝑂𝐵 + 60° = 90°
∠𝐶𝑂𝐵 = 90° − 60°
∠𝐶𝑂𝐵 = 30°

(ii)
We have:
∠𝐹𝑂𝐺 = 30°
∠𝐹𝑂𝐸 = 30°
∠𝐸𝑂𝐷 = 30°
∠𝐶𝑂𝐷 = 30°
∠𝐶𝑂𝐵 = 30°
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 30°
From the figure above and the measurements of the calculated angles we
get two right angles as ∠𝐷𝑂𝐺 and ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷.
Two right angles are already given as ∠𝐹𝑂𝐶 and ∠𝐸𝑂𝐵.

(iii)
We have to find the three pair of adjacent complementary angles.
We know that ∠𝐸𝑂𝐵 is a right angle.
Therefore,
∠𝐸𝑂𝐶 and ∠𝐶𝑂𝐵 are complementary angles.
Similarly, ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 is a right angle.
Therefore,
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 and ∠𝐵𝑂𝐷 are complementary angles.
Similarly, ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 is a right angle.
Therefore,
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 and ∠C𝑂𝐷 are complementary angles.

(iv)
We have to find the three pair of adjacent supplementary angles.
Since, ∠𝐴𝑂𝐺 is a straight line.
Therefore, following are the three linear pair, which are supplementary:
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 and ∠𝐵𝑂𝐺;
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 and ∠𝐶𝑂𝐺 and
∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 and ∠𝐷𝑂𝐺

(v)
We have to find three pair of adjacent angles, which are as follows:
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 and ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶
∠𝐶𝑂𝐷 and ∠𝐷𝑂𝐸
∠𝐸𝑂𝐹 and ∠𝐹𝑂𝐺

Question 19: In the given figure, POQ is a line. Ray OR is

perpendicular to line PQ. OS is another ray lying between
𝟏
rays OP and OR. Prove that ∠ROS = (∠QOS − POS).
𝟐

Solution:
The given figure is as follows:
We have POQ as a line. Ray OR is perpendicular to line PQ. Therefore,
∠𝑅𝑂𝑄 = 90°
∠𝑃𝑂𝑅 = 90°
From the figure above, we get:
∠𝑅𝑂𝑆 + ∠𝑃𝑂𝑆 = 90° (i)
∠𝑃𝑂𝑆 and ∠𝑃𝑄𝑂𝑆 form a linear pair. Therefore,
∠𝑄𝑂𝑆 + ∠𝑃𝑂𝑆 = 180° (ii)
From (i) and (ii) equation we get:
∠𝑄𝑂𝑆 + ∠𝑃𝑂𝑆 = 2 × 90
∠𝑄𝑂𝑆 + ∠𝑃𝑂𝑆 = 2(∠𝑅𝑂𝑆 + ∠𝑃𝑂𝑆)
∠𝑄𝑂𝑆 + ∠𝑃𝑂𝑆 = 2∠𝑅𝑂𝑆 + 2∠𝑃𝑂𝑆
2∠𝑅𝑂𝑆 = ∠𝑄𝑂𝑆 − ∠𝑃𝑂𝑆
1
∠𝑅𝑂𝑆 = (∠𝑄𝑂𝑆 − ∠𝑃𝑂𝑆)
2

Hence proved.
 Exercise – 8.3
Page number 8.19

Question 1: In figure, lines l1, and l2 intersect at O, forming angles as

shown in the figure. If x = 45. Find the values of y, z and u.

Solution:
Given: x = 450
Since vertically opposite angles are equal, therefore z = x = 450
z and u are angles that are a linear pair, therefore, z + u = 1800
Solve, z + u = 1800, for u
u = 1800 – z
u = 1800 – 45
u = 1350
Again, x and y angles are a linear pair.
x + y = 1800
y = 1800 – x
y = 1800 – 450
y = 1350
Hence, remaining angles are y = 1350, u = 1350 and z = 450.
Question 2: In figure, three coplanar lines intersect at a point O,
forming angles as shown in the figure. Find the values of x, y, z and
u.

Solution:
(∠BOD, z); (∠DOF, y) are pair of vertically opposite angles.
So, ∠BOD = z = 900
∠DOF = y = 500
[Vertically opposite angles are equal.]
Now, x + y + z = 180 [Linear pair] [AB is a straight line]
x + y + z = 180
x + 50 + 90 = 180
x = 180 – 140
x = 40
Hence values of x, y, z and u are 400, 500, 900 and 400 respectively.

Question 3: In figure, find the values of x, y and z.

Solution:
From figure,
y = 250 [Vertically opposite angles are equal]
Now ∠x + ∠y = 1800 [Linear pair of angles]
x = 180 – 25
x = 155
Also, z = x = 155 [Vertically opposite angles]
Answer: y = 250 and z = 1550

Question 4: In figure, find the value of x.

Solution:
∠AOE = ∠BOF = 5x [Vertically opposite angles]
∠COA + ∠AOE + ∠EOD = 1800 [Linear pair]
3x + 5x + 2x = 180
10x = 180
180
x=
10

x = 18
The value of x = 180

Question 5: If one of the four angles formed by two intersecting lines

is a right angle, then show that each of the four angles is a right angle.
Solution:
The given problem can be drawn as:

It is given that
∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 = 90°
Also, ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 and ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 form a linear pair.
Therefore, their sum must be equal to 180°.
∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 + ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 180°
Substituting, ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 = 90° above, we get:
90° + ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 180°
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 180° - 90°
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 90°
Similarly, we can prove that ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 90°
And ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 90°
Hence, we have proved that, if one of the four angles formed by two
intersecting lines is a right angle, then show that each of the four angles
is a right angle.

Question 6: In the given figure, rays AB and CD intersect at O.

(i) Determine y when x = 60°

(ii) Determine x when y = 40
Solution:
Rays 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐶𝐷 intersect at point 𝑂.

Therefore, ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 and ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 form a linear pair.

Thus,
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 + ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 180°
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 180° (I)
(i)
On substituting 𝑥 = 60°:
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 180°
2(60°) + 𝑦 = 180°
120° + 𝑦 = 180°
𝑦 = 180° − 120°
𝑦 = 60°

(ii)
On substituting 𝑦 = 40°:
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 180°
2𝑥 + 40° = 180°
 2𝑥 = 180° − 40°
2𝑥 = 140°
140°
𝑥=
2

𝑥 = 70°

Question 7: In the given figure, lines AB, CD and EF intersect at O,

Find the measure of ∠AOC, ∠COF, ∠DOE and ∠BOF.

Solution:
It is given that 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐶𝐷 intersect at point 𝑂.
Thus ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 and ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 are vertically opposite angles, therefore, these
must be equal.

That is,
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 35°
Similarly, EF and AB intersect at a point O.
Thus ∠𝐵𝑂𝐹 and ∠𝐴𝑂𝐸 are vertically opposite angles, therefore, these
must be equal.
That is,
∠𝐵𝑂𝐹 = ∠𝐴𝑂𝐸
∠𝐵𝑂𝐹 = 40°
Similarly, EF and CD intersect at a point O.
Thus ∠𝐶𝑂𝐹 and ∠𝐸𝑂𝐷 are vertically opposite angles, therefore, these
must be equal.
That is,
∠𝐶𝑂𝐹 and ∠𝐷𝑂𝐸 (i)
Also, ∠𝐷𝑂𝐸, ∠𝐵𝑂𝐷 and ∠𝐵𝑂𝐸 form a linear pair. Therefore, their sum
must be equal to 180°.
∠𝐷𝑂𝐸 + ∠𝐵𝑂𝐷 + ∠𝐴𝑂𝐸 = 180°
∠𝐷𝑂𝐸 + 35° + 40° = 180°
∠𝐷𝑂𝐸 + 75° = 180°
∠𝐷𝑂𝐸 = 180° − 75°
∠𝐷𝑂𝐸 = 105°
Putting ∠𝐷𝑂𝐸 = 100° in (I):
∠𝐶𝑂𝐹 = 105°
Question 8: AB, CD and EF are three concurrent lines passing
through the point 𝑶 such that OF bisects ∠BOD. If ∠BOF = 35°, find
∠BOC and ∠AOD.
Solution:
The corresponding figure is as follows:

Three concurrent lines are given as follows:

AB, CD and EF
Also, OF is the bisector of ∠𝐵𝑂𝐷 and it is given that ∠𝐵𝑂𝐹 =
35°.Therefore,
∠𝐹𝑂𝐷 = ∠𝐵𝑂𝐹
∠𝐹𝑂𝐷 = 35°
Also,
∠𝐵𝑂𝐷 = ∠𝐵𝑂𝐹 + ∠𝐹𝑂𝐷
∠𝐵𝑂𝐷 = 35° + 35°
∠𝐵𝑂𝐷 = 70° (i)
Since, ∠𝐵𝑂𝐷 and ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 are vertically opposite angles. Therefore,
∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 = ∠𝐵𝑂𝐷
From (i) equation:
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 70°
We know that ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 and ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 form a linear pair.
Thus,
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 + ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 180°
70° + ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 180°
∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 180° − 70°
∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 110°
Similarly, ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 and ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 form a linear pair.
Thus,
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 + ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 = 180°
70° + ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 = 180°
∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 = 180° − 70°
∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 = 110°

Question 9: In the given figure, lines AB and CD intersect at O. If

∠AOC + ∠BOE = 70° and ∠BOD = 40°, find ∠BOE and reflex ∠COE.

Solution:
In the figure, ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶, ∠𝐵𝑂𝐸 and ∠𝐶𝑂𝐸 form a linear pair.

Thus,
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 + ∠𝐵𝑂𝐸 + ∠𝐶𝑂𝐸 = 180°
It is given that ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 + ∠𝐵𝑂𝐸 = 70°, on substituting this value, we get:
70° + ∠𝐶𝑂𝐸 = 180°
∠𝐶𝑂𝐸 = 180° − 70°
∠𝐶𝑂𝐸 = 110°
Thus, reflex ∠𝐶𝑂𝐸 = 360° − 110°
Therefore, reflex ∠𝐶𝑂𝐸 = 250°
Since ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 and ∠𝐵𝑂𝐷 are vertically opposite angles, thus, these two
must be equal.
Therefore,
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝑂𝐷
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 40°
But, it is given that:
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 + ∠𝐵𝑂𝐸 = 70°
Substituting ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 40° in above equation:
40° + ∠𝐵𝑂𝐸 = 70°
 ∠𝐵𝑂𝐸 = 70° − 40°
∠𝐵𝑂𝐸 = 30°

Question 10: Which of the following statements are true (T) and
which are false (F)?
(i) Angles forming a linear pair are supplementary.
(ii) If two adjacent angles are equal, then each angle measures 90°.
(iii) Angles forming a linear pair can both be acute angles.
(iv) If angles forming a linear pair are equal, then each of these angles
is of measure 90°.
Solution:
(i) True
As the sum of the angles forming a linear pair is .
(ii) False
As the statement is incomplete in itself.
(iii) False
Let us assume one of the angle in a linear pair be 𝑥; such that 𝑥° <
90°,that is, an acute angle.
Therefore, the other angle in the linear pair becomes (180 − 𝑥 )°, which
clearly cannot be acute.
(iv) True
Let one of the angle in the linear pair be 𝑥°. Then, other angle also
becomes equal to 𝑥°.
Therefore, by the definition of linear pair, we get:
𝑥 + 𝑥 = 180°
 2𝑥 = 180°
180°
𝑥=
2

𝑥 = 90°.
Hence, if angles forming a linear pair are equal, then each of these angles
is of measure 90°.

Question 11: Fill in the blanks so as to make the following statements

true:

(i) If one angle of a linear pair is acute, then its other angle will be
........
(ii) A ray stands on a line, then the sum of the two adjacent angles so
formed is ..........
(iii) If the sum of two adjacent angles is 180°, then the ........ arms of
the two angles are opposite rays.
Solution:
(i)
If one angle of a linear pair be acute, then its other angle will be obtuse.
Explanation:
Let us assume one of the angle in a linear pair be 𝑥; such that 𝑥° <
90°,that is, an acute angle.
Therefore, the other angle in the linear pair becomes (180 − 𝑥 )°, which
clearly cannot be acute.
(ii)
A ray stands on a line, and then the sum of the two adjacent angles so
formed is .
Explanation:
The statement talks about two adjacent angles forming a linear pair.
(iii) If the sum of the two adjacent angles is 180°, then
the uncommon arms of the two angles are opposite rays.
Explanation:
The statement talks about two adjacent angles forming a linear pair.
Therefore, this can be drawn diagrammatically as:

Question 12: Prove that bisectors of a pair of vertically opposite

angles are in the same straight line.
Solution:

Lines AB and CD intersect at point O, such that

∠AOC = ∠BOD (vertically angles) … (1)
Also OP is the bisector of AOC and OQ is the bisector of BOD
To Prove: POQ is a straight line.
OP is the bisector of ∠AOC:
∠AOP = ∠COP … (2)
OQ is the bisector of ∠BOD:
∠BOQ = ∠QOD … (3)
Now,
Sum of the angles around a point is 360o.
∠AOC + ∠BOD + ∠AOP + ∠COP + ∠BOQ + ∠QOD = 3600
∠BOQ + ∠QOD + ∠DOA + ∠AOP + ∠POC + ∠COB = 3600
2∠QOD + 2∠DOA + 2∠AOP = 3600
(Using (1), (2) and (3))
∠QOD + ∠DOA + ∠AOP = 1800
POQ = 1800
Which shows that, the bisectors of pair of vertically opposite angles are
on the same straight line.
Hence Proved.

Question 13: If two straight lines intersect each other, prove that the
ray opposite to the bisector of one of the angles thus formed bisects
the vertically opposite angle.
Solution: Given AB and CD are straight lines which intersect at O.
OP is the bisector of ∠ AOC.
To Prove: OQ is the bisector of ∠BOD
Proof:
AB, CD and PQ are straight lines which intersect in O.
Vertically opposite angles: ∠ AOP = ∠ BOQ
Vertically opposite angles: ∠ COP = ∠ DOQ
OP is the bisector of ∠ AOC: ∠ AOP = ∠ COP
Therefore, ∠BOQ = ∠ DOQ
Hence, OQ is the bisector of ∠BOD.
 Exercise – 8.4
Page number 8.38

Question 1: In figure, AB, CD and ∠1 and ∠2 are in the ratio 3: 2.

Determine all angles from 1 to 8.

Solution:
Let ∠1 = 3x and ∠2 = 2x
From figure: ∠1 and ∠2 are linear pair of angles
Therefore, ∠1 + ∠2 = 180
3x + 2x = 180
5x = 180
180
x=
5

⇒ x = 36
So, ∠1 = 3x = 1080 and ∠2 = 2x = 720
As we know, vertically opposite angles are equal.
Pairs of vertically opposite angles are:
(∠1 = ∠3); (∠2 = ∠4); (∠5, ∠7) and (∠6, ∠8)
∠1 = ∠3 = 108°
∠2 = ∠4 = 72°
∠5 = ∠7
∠6 = ∠8
We also know, if a transversal intersects any parallel lines, then the
corresponding angles are equal
∠1 = ∠5 = ∠7 = 108°
∠2 = ∠6 = ∠8 = 72°
Answer: ∠1 = 108°, ∠2 = 72°, ∠3 = 108°, ∠4 = 72°, ∠5 = 108°, ∠6 = 72°,
∠7 = 108° and ∠8 = 72°

Question 2: In figure, I, m and n are parallel lines intersected by

transversal p at X, Y and Z respectively. Find ∠1, ∠2 and ∠3.

Solution: From figure:

∠Y = 120° [Vertical opposite angles]
∠3 + ∠Y = 180° [Linear pair angles theorem]
⇒ ∠3= 180 – 120
⇒ ∠3= 60°
Line l is parallel to line m,
∠1 = ∠3 [Corresponding angles]
∠1 = 60°
Also, line m is parallel to line n,
∠2 = ∠Y [Alternate interior angles are equal]
∠2 = 120°
Answer: ∠1 = 60°, ∠2 = 120° and ∠3 = 60°.

Question 3: In figure, if AB || CD and CD || EF, find ∠ACE.

Solution:
Given: CD || EF
∠ FEC + ∠ECD = 180°
[Sum of co-interior angles is supplementary to each other]
⇒ ∠ECD = 180° – 130° = 50°
Also, BA || CD
⇒ ∠BAC = ∠ACD = 70°
[Alternative angles of parallel lines are equal]
But, ∠ACE + ∠ECD =70°
⇒ ∠ACE = 70° – 50° = 20°

Question 4: In figure, state which lines are parallel and why?

Solution:
We know, If a transversal intersects two lines such that a pair of alternate
interior angles are equal, then the two lines are parallel
From figure:
⇒ ∠EDC = ∠DCA = 100°
Lines DE and AC are intersected by a transversal DC such that the pair of
alternate angles are equal.
So, DE || AC

Question 5: In figure, if l||m, n || p and ∠1 = 85°, find ∠2.

Solution:
Given: ∠1 = 85°
As we know, when a line cuts the parallel lines, the pair of alternate
interior angles are equal.
⇒ ∠1 = ∠3 = 85°
Again, co-interior angles are supplementary, so
∠2 + ∠3 = 180°
∠2 + 55° = 180°
∠2 = 180° – 85°
∠2 = 95°

Question 6: If two straight lines are perpendicular to the same line,

prove that they are parallel to each other.
Solution:
Let lines l and m are perpendicular to n, then
∠1 = ∠2 = 90°
Since, lines l and m cut by a transversal line n and the corresponding
angles are equal, which shows that, line l is parallel to line m.

Question 7: Two unequal angles of a parallelogram are in the ratio 2:

3. Find all its angles in degrees.
Solution:
The parallelogram can be drawn as follows:

It is given that
∠𝐴: ∠𝐶 = 2: 3
Therefore, let:
∠𝐴 = 2𝑥
and ∠𝐶 = 3𝑥
We know that opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.
Therefore,
∠𝐴 = ∠𝐷
∠𝐷 = 2𝑥
Similarly
∠𝐵 = 3𝑥
Also, if 𝐴𝐵||𝐴𝐶, then sum of consecutive interior angles is equal to 180°.
Therefore,
∠𝐴 + ∠𝐶 = 180°
2𝑥 + 3𝑥 = 180°
5𝑥 = 180°
180°
𝑥=
5

𝑥 = 36°
We have
∠𝐴 = 2𝑥
∠𝐴 = 2(36°)
∠𝐴 = 72°
Also,
∠𝐶 = 3𝑥
∠𝐶 = 3(36°)
∠𝐶 = 108°
Similarly,
∠𝐷 = 72°
And
∠𝐵 = 108°
Hence, the four angles of the parallelogram are as follows:
∠𝐴 = 72°, ∠𝐵 = 108°, ∠𝐶 = 72° and ∠𝐷 = 108°

Question 8: In each of the two lines is perpendicular to the same line,

what kind of lines are they to each other?
Solution:
The figure can be drawn as follows:

Here, 𝑙 ⊥ 𝑛 and 𝑚 ⊥ 𝑛.
We need to find the relation between lines l and m
It is given that 𝑙 ⊥ 𝑛, therefore,
∠1 = 90° (i)
Similarly, we have 𝑚 ⊥ 𝑛, therefore,
∠2 = 90° (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get:
∠1 = ∠2
But these are the pair of corresponding angles.
Theorem states: If a transversal intersects two lines in such a way that a
pair of corresponding angles is equal, then the two lines are parallel.
Thus, we can say that 𝑙 || 𝑚.
Hence, the lines are parallel to each other.

𝟐
Question 9: In the given figure, ∠1 = 60° and ∠2 = ( )rd of a right
𝟑
angle. Prove that l || m.

Solution:
The figure is given as follow:
It is given that ∠1 = 60°
Also,
2
∠2 = (90°)
3

∠2 = 2(30°)
∠2 = 60°
Thus we have ∠1 = ∠2
But these are the pair of corresponding angles.
Thus l || m
Hence proved.

Question 10: In the given figure, if l || m || n and ∠1 = 60°, find ∠2.

Solution:
The given figure is as follows:
We have l || m || n and ∠1 = 60°
Thus, we get ∠1 and ∠3 as corresponding angles.
Therefore,
∠3 = ∠1
∠3 = 60° (i)
We have ∠3 and ∠4 forming a linear pair.
Therefore, they must be supplementary. That is;
∠3 + ∠4 = 180°
From equation (i):
60° + ∠4 = 180°
∠4 = 180° − 60°
∠4 = 120° (ii)
We have m || n
Thus, we get ∠2 and ∠4 as alternate interior opposite angles.
Therefore, these must be equal. That is,
∠2 = ∠4
From equation (ii), we get:
∠2 = 120°
Hence the required value for ∠2 is 120°.

Question 11: Prove that the straight lines perpendicular to the same
straight line are parallel to one another.
Solution:
The figure can be drawn as follows:

Here, 𝑙 ⊥ 𝑛 and 𝑚 ⊥ 𝑛.
We need to prove that l || m
It is given that 𝑙 ⊥ 𝑛, therefore,
∠1 = 90° (i)
Similarly, we have 𝑚 ⊥ 𝑛, therefore,
∠2 = 90° (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get:
∠1 = ∠2
But these are the pair of corresponding angles.
Theorem states: If a transversal intersects two lines in such a way that a
pair of corresponding angles is equal, then the two lines are parallel.
Thus, we can say that l || m.

Question 12: The opposite sides of a quadrilateral are parallel. If one

angle of the quadrilateral is 60°, find the other angles.
Solution:
The quadrilateral can be drawn as follows:

Here, we have AB || CD and AC || BD.

Also, ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 = 60°.
Since, AB || CD .Thus, ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 and ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 are consecutive interior angles.
Thus these two must be supplementary. That is,
∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 + ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 180°
60° + ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 180°
∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 180° – 60°
∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 120°
Similarly, AC || BD. Thus ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷, and ∠𝐶𝐷𝐵 are consecutive interior
angles.
Thus these two must be supplementary. That is,
∠𝐴𝐶𝐷 + ∠𝐶𝐷𝐵 = 180°
60° + ∠𝐶𝐷𝐵 = 180°
∠𝐶𝐷𝐵 = 180° – 60°
∠𝐶𝐷𝐵 = 120°
Similarly, AB || CD .Thus, ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 and ∠𝐶𝐷𝐵 are consecutive interior
angles.
Thus these two must be supplementary. That is,
∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 + ∠𝐶𝐷𝐵 = 180°
∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 + 120° = 180°
∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 180° − 120°
∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 60°
Hence the other angles are as follows:
∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 120°
∠𝐶𝐷𝐵 = 120°
∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 60°

Question 13: Two lines AB and CD intersect at O. If ∠AOC + ∠COB +

∠BOD = 270°, find the measures of ∠AOC, ∠COB, ∠BOD and ∠DOA.
Solution:
Since, lines AB and CD intersect each other at point O.
Thus, ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 and ∠𝐵𝑂𝐷 are vertically opposite angles.
Therefore,
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝑂𝐷 …… (I)
Similarly,
∠𝐶𝑂𝐵 = ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 …... (II)

Also, we have ∠AOC, ∠BOC, ∠BOD and ∠AOD forming a complete

angle. Thus,
∠AOC + ∠BOD + ∠COB + ∠AOD = 360°
It is given that
∠AOC + ∠COB + ∠BOD = 270°
Thus, we get
(∠AOC + ∠BOD + ∠COB) + ∠AOD = 360°
270° + ∠AOD = 360°
∠AOD = 360° - 270°
∠AOD = 90°
From (II), we get:
∠COB = 90°
We know that ∠AOC and ∠COB form a linear pair. Therefore, these must
be supplementary.
∠AOC + ∠COB = 180°
∠AOC + 90° = 180°
∠AOC = 180° - 90°
∠AOC = 90°
From (I), we get:
∠BOD = 90°

Question 14: In the given figure, p is a transversal to lines m and n,

∠2 = 120° and ∠5 = 60°. Prove that m || n.

Solution:
The figure is given as follows:
It is given that p is a transversal to lines m and n. Also,
∠2 = 120° and ∠5 = 60°.
We need to prove that m || n
We have ∠2 = 120°.
Also, ∠2 and ∠4 are vertically opposite angles, thus, these two must be
equal. That is,
∠4 = 120° (i)
Also, ∠5 = 60°.
Adding this equation to (i), we get:
∠4 + ∠5 = 120° + 60°
∠4 + ∠5 = 180°
But these are the consecutive interior angles.
Theorem states: If a transversal intersects two lines in such a way that a
pair of consecutive interior angles is supplementary, then the two lines are
parallel.
Thus, m || n.
Hence, the lines are parallel to each other.
Question 15: In the given figure, transversal l intersects two
lines m and n, ∠4 = 110° and ∠7 = 65°. Is m || n?

Solution:
The figure is given as follows:

It is given that l is a transversal to lines m and n. Also,

∠4 = 110° and ∠7 = 65°.
We need check whether m || n. or not.
We have ∠7 = 65°.
Also, ∠7 and ∠5 are vertically opposite angles, thus, these two must be
equal. That is,
∠5 = 65° (i)
Also, ∠4 = 110°.
Adding this equation to (i), we get:
∠4 + ∠5 = 110° + 65°
∠4 + ∠5 = 175°
But these are the consecutive interior angles which are not supplementary.
Theorem states: If a transversal intersects two lines in such a way that a
pair of consecutive interior angles is supplementary, then the two lines are
parallel.
Thus, m is not parallel to n.

Question 16: Which pair of lines in the given figure are parallel?
Given reasons.

Solution:
The figure is given as follows:
We have ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 115° and ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 65°.
Clearly,
∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 + ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 115° + 65°
∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 + ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 180°.
These are the pair of consecutive interior angles.
Theorem states: If a transversal intersects two lines in such a way that a
pair of consecutive interior angles is supplementary, then the two lines are
parallel.
Thus, AD || BC.
Similarly, we have ∠𝐷𝐴𝐵 = 115° and ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 65°.
Clearly,
∠𝐷𝐴𝐵 + ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 115° + 65°
∠𝐷𝐴𝐵 + ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 180°.
These are the pair of consecutive interior angles.
Theorem states: If a transversal intersects two lines in such a way that a
pair of consecutive interior angles is supplementary, then the two lines are
parallel.
Thus, AB || CD.
Hence the lines which are parallel are as follows:
AD || BC and AB || CD.

Question 17: If l, m, n are three lines such that l || m and n ⊥ l. Prove

that n ⊥ m.
Solution:
The figure can be drawn as follows:

Here, l || m and n ⊥ l
We need to prove that n ⊥ m.
It is given that n ⊥ l, therefore,
∠1 = 90° (i)
We have l || m , thus, ∠1 and ∠2 are the corresponding angles. Therefore,
these must be equal. That is,
∠1 = ∠2
From equation (i), we get:
∠2 = 90°
Therefore, n ⊥ m.
Hence proved.

Question 18: Which of the following statements are true (T) and which
are false (F)? Give reasons.
(i) If two lines are intersected by a transversal, then corresponding angles
are equal.
(ii) If two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal, then alternate
interior angles are equal.
(iii) Two lines perpendicular to the same line are perpendicular to each
other.
(iv) Two line parallel to the same line are parallel to each other.
(v) If two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal, then the interior
angles on the same side of the transversal are equal.
Solution:
(i)
Statement: If two lines are intersected by a transversal, then corresponding
angles are equal.
False
Reason:
The above statement holds good if the lines are parallel only.
(ii)
Statement: If two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal, then
alternate interior angles are equal.
True
Reason:
Let l and m are two parallel lines.
And transversal t intersects l and m making two pair of alternate interior
angles, ∠1, ∠2 and ∠3, ∠4.
We need to prove that ∠1 = ∠2 and ∠3 = ∠4.
We have,
∠2 = ∠5 (Vertically opposite angles)
And, ∠1 = ∠5 (corresponding angles)
Therefore,
∠1 = ∠2 (Vertically opposite angles)
Again, ∠3 = ∠6 (corresponding angles)
Hence, ∠1 = ∠2 and ∠3 = ∠4.

(iii)
Statement: Two lines perpendicular to the same line are perpendicular to
each other.
False
Reason:
The figure can be drawn as follows:
Here, 𝑙 ⊥ 𝑛 and 𝑚 ⊥ 𝑛
It is given that 𝑙 ⊥ 𝑛, therefore,
∠1 = 90° (i)
Similarly, we have 𝑚 ⊥ 𝑛, therefore,
∠2 = 90° (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get:
∠1 = ∠2
But these are the pair of corresponding angles.
Theorem states: If a transversal intersects two lines in such a way that a
pair of corresponding angles is equal, then the two lines are parallel.
Thus, we can say that l || m.

(iv)
Statement: Two lines parallel to the same line are parallel to each other.
True
Reason:
The figure is given as follows:

It is given that l || m and m || n

We need to show that l || m
We have l || m, thus, corresponding angles should be equal.
That is,
∠1 = ∠2
Similarly,
∠3 = ∠2
Therefore,
∠1 = ∠3
But these are the pair of corresponding angles.
Therefore, l || m.

(v)
Statement: If two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal, then
interior angles on the same side of the transversal are equal.
False
Reason:
Theorem states: If a transversal intersects two parallel lines then the pair
of alternate interior angles is equal.

Question 19: Fill in the blanks in each of the following to make the
statement true:
(i) If two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal, then each pair
of corresponding angles are ...
(ii) If two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal, then interior
angles on the same side of the transversal are ....
(iii) Two lines perpendicular to the same line are ... to each other.
(iv) Two lines parallel to the same line are ... to each other.
(v) If a transversal intersects a pair of lines in such a way that a pair
of alternate angles are equal, then the lines are ...
(vi) If a transversal intersects a pair of lines in such a way that the
sum of interior angles on the same side of transversal is 180°, then the
lines are ...
Solution:
(i) If two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal, then
corresponding angles are equal.
(ii) If two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal, then interior
angles on the same side of the transversal are supplementary.
(iii) Two lines perpendicular to the same line are parallel to each other.
(iv) Two lines parallel to the same line are parallel to each other.
(v) If a transversal intersects a pair of lines in such a way that a pair of
interior angles is equal, then the lines are parallel.
(vi) If a transversal intersects a pair of lines in such a way that a pair of
interior angles on the same side of transversal is 180°, then the lines
are parallel.

Question 20: In figure, AB || CD || EF and GH || KL. Find ∠HKL.

Solution:
Extend LK to meet line GF at point P.

From figure, CD || GF, so, alternate angles are equal.

∠CHG = ∠HGP = 60°
∠HGP = ∠KPF = 60° [Corresponding angles of parallel lines are equal]
Hence, ∠KPG =180 – 60 = 120°
⇒ ∠GPK = ∠AKL= 120°
[Corresponding angles of parallel lines are equal]
∠AKH = ∠KHD = 25° [alternate angles of parallel lines]
Therefore, ∠HKL = ∠AKH + ∠AKL = 25 + 120 = 145°

Question 21: In figure, show that AB || EF.

Solution: Produce EF to intersect AC at point N.

From figure, ∠BAC = 57° and

∠ACD = 22° + 35° = 57°
Alternative angles of parallel lines are equal
⇒ BA || EF … (1)
Sum of Co-interior angles of parallel lines is 180°
EF || CD
∠DCE + ∠CEF = 35 + 145 = 180° … (2)
From (1) and (2)
AB || EF
[Since, Lines parallel to the same line are parallel to each other]
Hence Proved.

Question 22: In figure, PQ || AB and PR || BC. If ∠QPR = 102°,

determine ∠ABC. Give reasons.

Solution: Extend line AB to meet line PR at point G.

Given: PQ || AB,
∠QPR = ∠BGR = 102° [Corresponding angles of parallel lines are equal]
And PR || BC,
∠RGB+ ∠CBG =180° [Corresponding angles are supplementary]
∠CBG = 180° – 102° = 78°
Since, ∠CBG = ∠ABC
⇒∠ABC = 78°

Question 23: Prove that if the two arms of an angle are perpendicular
to the two arms of another angle, then the angles are either equal or
supplementary.
Solution: Let the angles be ∠ACB and ∠ABD
Let AC perpendicular to AB, and CD is perpendicular to BD.
To Prove: ∠ACD = ∠ABD or ∠ACD + ∠ABD =180°
Proof:
In a quadrilateral,
∠A+ ∠C+ ∠D+ ∠B = 360° [Sum of angles of quadrilateral is 360°]
⇒ 180° + ∠C + ∠B = 360°
⇒ ∠C + ∠B = 360° –180°
Therefore, ∠ACD + ∠ABD = 180°
And ∠ABD = ∠ACD = 90°
Hence, angles are equal as well as supplementary.
Question 24: In the given figure, lines AB and CD are parallel
and P is any point as shown in the figure. Show that ∠ABP + ∠ CDP =
∠DPB.

Solution:
The given figure is:

It is give that AB || CD
Let us draw a line XY passing through point P and parallel to AB and CD.
We have XY || CD, thus, ∠𝐶𝐷𝑃 and ∠1 are alternate interior opposite
angles. Therefore,
∠1 = ∠𝐶𝐷𝑃 (i)
Similarly, we have XY || AB, thus, ∠𝐴𝐵𝑃 and ∠2 are alternate interior
opposite angles. Therefore,
∠2 = ∠𝐴𝐵𝑃 (ii)
On adding (i) and (ii):
∠1 + ∠2 = ∠𝐶𝐷𝑃 + ∠𝐴𝐵𝑃
∠𝐷𝑃𝐵 = ∠𝐶𝐷𝑃 + ∠𝐴𝐵𝑃
Hence proved.
Question 25: In the given figure, AB || CD and P is any point shown in
the figure. Prove that:
∠ABP + ∠BPD + ∠CDP = 360°

Solution:
The given figure is as follows:

It is give that AB || CD
Let us draw a line XY passing through point P and parallel to AB and CD.
We have XY || CD, thus, ∠𝐶𝐷𝑃 and ∠2 are alternate interior opposite
angles. Therefore,
∠2 + ∠𝐶𝐷𝑃 = 180° (i)
Similarly, we have XY || AB, thus, ∠𝐴𝐵𝑃 and ∠1 are alternate interior
opposite angles. Therefore,
∠1 + ∠𝐴𝐵𝑃 = 180° (ii)
On adding equation (i) and (ii), we get:
∠2 + ∠𝐶𝐷𝑃 + ∠1 + ∠𝐴𝐵𝑃 = 180° + 180°
(∠2 + ∠1) + ∠𝐶𝐷𝑃 + ∠𝐴𝐵𝑃 = 360°
∠𝐴𝐵𝑃 + ∠𝐵𝑃𝐷 + ∠𝐶𝐷𝑃 = 360°
Hence proved.

Question 26: In the given figure, arms BA and BC of ∠ABC are

respectively parallel to arms ED and EF of ∠DEF. Prove that
∠ABC = ∠DEF.

Solution:
The figure is given as follows:

It is given that, arms BA and BC of ∠ABC are respectively parallel to

arms ED and EF of ∠DEF.
We need to show that ∠ABC = ∠DEF
Let us extend BC to meet EF.
We have AB || DE, ∠ABC and ∠DEF are corresponding angles, these two
should be equal.
Therefore,
∠ABC = ∠DEF
Hence proved.

Question 27: In the given figure, arms BA and BC of ∠ABC are

respectively parallel to arms ED and EF of ∠DEF. Prove that
∠ABC + ∠DEF = 180°

Solution:
The figure is given as follows:

It is given that, arms BA and BC of ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 are respectively parallel to

arms ED and EF of ∠𝐷𝐸𝐹.
We need to show that ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 + ∠𝐷𝐸𝐹 = 180°
Let us extend BC to meet ED at point P.
We have AB || PE and BP || EF. So, ∠𝐵𝑃𝐸 and ∠𝑃𝐸𝐹 are corresponding
angles, these two should be equal.
Therefore,
∠𝐵𝑃𝐸 = ∠𝑃𝐸𝐹
Also, we have AB || PE. So, ∠𝐴𝐵𝑃 and ∠𝐵𝑃𝐸 are consecutive interior
angles, these two must be supplementary.
Therefore,
∠𝐴𝐵𝑃 + ∠𝐵𝑃𝐸 = 180°
⇒ ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 + ∠𝑃𝐸𝐹 = 180°
⇒ ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 + ∠𝐷𝐸𝐹 = 180°
Hence proved.
 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPES QUESTION (VSAQs)
Page No: 8.42

Question 1: Define complementary angles.

Solution: When the sum of two angles is 90 degrees, then the angles are
known as complementary angles.

Question 2: Define supplementary angles.

Solution: When the sum of two angles is 180°, then the angles are known
as supplementary angles.

Question 3: Define adjacent angles.

Solution: Two angles are Adjacent when they have a common side and a
common vertex.

Question 4: The complement of an acute angle is _____.

Solution: An acute angle

Question 5: The supplement of an acute angle is _____.

Solution: An obtuse angle

Question 6: The supplement of a right angle is _____.

Solution: A right angle
Question 7: Write the complement of an angle of measure x°.
Solution:
We have to write the complement of an angle which measures x°.
Let the other angle be y°.
We know that the sum of the complementary angles be 90°.
Therefore,
x° + y° = 90°
y° = (90 – x) °

Question 8: Write the supplement of an angle of measure 2y°.

Solution:
Let the required angle measures x°
It is given that two angles measuring x° and 2y° are supplementary.
Therefore, their sum must be equal to .
Or, we can say that:
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 180
𝑥 = 180 − 2𝑦
Hence, the required angle measures (180 − 2𝑦)°.

Question 9: If a wheel has six spokes equally spaced, then find the
measure of the angle between two adjacent spokes.
Solution:
It is given that the six spokes are equally spaced, thus, two adjacent spokes
subtend equal angle at the centre of the wheel.
Let that angle measures x°
Also, the six spokes form a complete angle, that is, 360°
Therefore,
𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 360°
6𝑥 = 360°
360°
𝑥=
6

𝑥 = 60°
Hence, the measure of the angle between two adjacent spokes measures
60°.

Question 10: An angle is equal to its supplement. Determine its

measure.
Solution:
Let the supplement of the angle be x°
According the given statement, the required angle is equal to its
supplement, therefore, the required angle becomes x°.
Sine both the angles are supplementary, therefore, their sum must be equal
to 180°
Or we can say that:
𝑥 + 𝑥 = 180°
2𝑥 = 180°
180°
𝑥=
2

𝑥 = 90°
Hence, the required angle measures 90°.
Question 11: An angle is equal to five times its complement.
Determine its measure.
Solution:
Let the complement of the required angle measures x°
Therefore, the required angle becomes 5x°
Since, the angles are complementary, thus, their sum must be equal to 90°.
Or we can say that:
𝑥 + 5𝑥 = 90°
6𝑥 = 90°
90°
𝑥=
6

𝑥 = 15°
Hence, the required angle becomes:
5𝑥 = 5(15°)
= 75°

Question 12: How many pairs of adjacent angles are formed when
two lines intersect in a point?
Solution:
Let us draw the following diagram showing two lines AB
and CD intersecting at a point O.
We have the following pair of adjacent angles, so formed:
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 and ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 and ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷
∠𝐵𝑂𝐷 and ∠𝐵𝑂𝐶
∠𝐵𝑂𝐷 and ∠𝐴𝑂𝐷
Hence, in total four pair of adjacent angles are formed.