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Fibreextended Optics

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6 views19 pages

Fibreextended Optics

Uploaded by

aryansingh86855
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FIBRE OPTICS

Dr. Anju Pansari


Department of Physics
National Institute of Technology, Raipur
Keywords
• Introduction
• Principle
• Construction
• Classification
• Acceptance angle
• Numerical Aperture
• Advantages
• Application
Introduction
❖ Fiber Optics is a Technology which plays an important role in
communication system.

❖ Optical fiber is a transmission channel which deals with the


light propagation through thin glass fibre (like human hair).

❖ This technology was firstly demonstrated by John Tyndall in


1870.

❖ It is tried only from 1927.


Principle of Fibre
The basic principle of fibre in the transmission of optical signal is
Total Internal Reflection.
o When the light ray travels from denser medium to rarer medium the refracted
ray bends away from the normal. When the angle of incidence is greater than the
critical angle, the refracted ray again reflects into the same medium. This
phenomenon is called total internal reflection.
o When a light signal is directed at one end of the fiber at a suitable angle, it
undergoes repeated total internal reflection along the length of the fiber and
finally comes out at the other end.
Construction of Optical Fibre

• Core – Glass or plastic with a higher index of refraction than


the cladding.
• Cladding – Glass or plastic with a lower index of refraction than the
core

• Buffer – Protects the fiber from damage and moisture

• Jacket – Holds one or more fibers in a cable


Classification of Fibre

1. On the basis of refractive index of core


(i) Step index fibre
(ii) Graded index fibre

2. On the basis of no. of modes of transmission

(i) Single mode fibre


(ii) Multimode fibre
Step Index Fibre
• In step index fibre the refractive index of the core medium is uniform and
undergoes an abrupt change at the interface of core and cladding as
shown in figure.
• The diameter of core is about 50 to 200 micrometers in case of multi mode
and 10 micrometers in single mode fibre.
• Attenuation is more for step index multi mode fibres but less in step index
single mode fibres Numerical aperture is more for step index multi mode
fibres but it is less in step index single mode fibres. This fibre is called
reflective type fibre.
Graded Index Fibre
• In graded index fibres, the refractive index of the core medium is varying in
the parabolic manner such that the maximum refractive index is present at
the center of the core.
• The diameter of the core is about 50 micro meters. Attenuation is very less in
graded index fibres Numerical aperture is less in graded index fibres This
fibre is called reflective type fibre
• The shape of propagation of the optical is in helical or spiral manner. The
transmitted optical signal will never cross the fibre axis during every
reflection at the core cladding boundary..
Difference between
Step Index and Graded Index Fibre
Single Mode Optical Fibre
Multi Mode Optical Fibre
Difference between
Single Mode And Multi Mode Fibre
Acceptance Angle
Acceptance Angle
Numerical Aperture
Advantages of Optical fibre
Advantages of Optical fibre
Application of optical fibre

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