Sample Paper Questions – Part 1

Unit 1: Intro to AI
Q1 What is Intelligence?
It involves abstract reasoning, mental representation, problem solving, and decision making, the ability to learn,
emotional knowledge, creativity, and adaptation to meet the demands of the environment effectively.

Q2 What are the features of Intelligence?

1. Ability to communicate and interact effectively with people around you and the surrounding
environment so that you can recognize, understand then respond in terms of your actions.
2. Ability to reason, plan, solve problems and follow ideas to deal with unexpected problems, uncertainties.
3. Ability to learn, and adapt by upgrading your internal system so that you are able to respond to queries
based on knowledge and experience.
Q3 What are the components of intelligence?
1. Problem solving: It allows us to arrive at a solution to a problem, by following some path which is
either known or unknown with or without hurdles to reach up to the solution.
2. Reasoning: It is the set of processes that enables us to provide basis for judgments, make decisions and
future predictions.
3. Learning: It is the process of gaining knowledge or skill by studying, practicing or from past
experiences.
4. Perception: It is the process of gaining, understanding, selecting and organizing information gathered
from different sensory organs.
5. Linguistic intelligence: It is the ability to use, comprehend, speak and write Language, for
communicating one's ideas and thoughts.

Q4 Explain the types of intelligence that are mainly perceived by human beings?

As per major researches, there are mainly 9 types of Intelligence;

1. Mathematical Logical Intelligence: A person's ability to regulate, measure, and understand numerical
symbols, abstraction and logic. For example, Pascal and Newton.
2. Linguistic Intelligence: Language processing skills both in terms of understanding or implementation in
writing or speech. For example, William Shakespeare and Agatha Christie.
3. Spatial Visual Intelligence: It is defined as the ability to perceive the visual world and the relationship of
one object to another. For example, Leonardo Da Vinci and I.M. Pei.
4. Kinesthetic Intelligence: Ability that is related to how a person uses his limbs in a skilled manner. For
example, Dancers and players.
5. Musical Intelligence: It is about a person's ability to recognize and create sounds, rhythms, and sound
patterns. For example, Singers, music composers and instrument players.
6. Intrapersonal Intelligence: Describes the level of self-awareness someone has starting from realizing
weakness, strength, to recognizing his own feelings. For example, Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa.
7. Interpersonal Intelligence: Interpersonal intelligence is the ability to communicate with others by
understanding other people's feelings and the influence of the person. For example, Psychologist,
consultants, sales persons and politicians of the society like Ronald Reagan a famous politician.
8. Existential Intelligence: An additional category of intelligence relating to religious and spiritual
awareness. For example, Philosophers (Gautam Buddha), yoga instructors.
9. Naturalist Intelligence: An additional category of intelligence relating to the ability to process
information on the environment around us. For example, gardeners, veterinary doctors, zookeepers etc.
like Charles Darwin, Steve Erwin are having this type of intelligence.
Q5 Define Artificial Intelligence.
 AI is the branch of computer science. It refers to any technique that enables computers to mimic
human intelligence or traits i.e., make decisions, predict the future, learn and improve on its own.
 An artificially intelligent machine works on algorithms and data fed to it and gives the desired output.

Q6 How does a machine become Artificially Intelligent?

A machine becomes intelligent by training with data and algorithm, once they are trained with some
information will helps them achieve their tasks. AI machines keep updating their knowledge to optimize their
output.

Q7 Why humans are developing machines?

Humans have been developing machines to make their lives easier. Machines are made with an intent of
accomplishing tasks which are either too tedious for humans or are time consuming.

Q8 When a machine is called Artificially Intelligent?

When a machine possesses the ability to mimic human traits, i.e., make decisions, predict the future, accomplish
tasks by itself – collect data, understand, analyze, learn and improve on its own, it is said to have artificial
intelligence.

Q9 How does learning and adapting help an AI machine in improvising itself?

 An artificially intelligent machine collects real time data and tries to figure out new patterns in it.
 AI machine too gets trained first on the training data and then improves itself according to its own
experiences which makes AI different from any other technological device / machine.
 The more the machine gets trained on data, the more accurate result it gives.

For example:
Any virtual assistant initially trained with few basic instructions, but with time, the machine captures the data
fed by the user, may be the wake-up time, sleeping time, dinner time and so on. Later in time, the machine gives
reminders of similar things on the basis of data and adapts these new commands.

Q10 How do we know machine has AI?

The Turing Test is a method of determining whether a machine can demonstrate human intelligence - If a
machine can engage in a conversation with a human without being detected as a machine, it has demonstrated
human intelligence.

The Turing test, originally called the imitation game by Alan Turing in 1950, is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit
intelligent behaviour equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human.

Q11 How do you make decisions?

 The basis of decision making depends upon the availability of information and how we experience and
understand it.
 We cannot make good decisions without information.
 Having knowledge, experience, or insight of a certain situation, helps us to visualize what outcomes
could be.

Q12 Name the types of machines which have evolved with time.
Television/Mobile Phones/ Ceiling Fans/ Microwave ovens/ Headphones / Speakers/ Harvesters/ Refrigerators/
Air Conditioners etc.

Q13 Give examples of machines that are smart but not AI.
Automatic gates in shopping malls / remote control drones/ a fully automatic washing machine/ Air
Conditioner/ Refrigerator/ Robotic toy cars/ Television etc.

Q14 Give examples of artificially intelligent applications in our smartphones.

Phone Smart Lock / Snapchat filter / Shopping websites / Netflix / YouTube / Face Detection / Google Maps /
Emotions recognition / Google assistant / Natural language recognition / image detection / beauty filters etc.

Q15 Difference between training and testing data

Training Data Testing Data

Training data is used to train the machine learning model. The It is used to check the performance of the
more training data the model has, the better it can make AI model to see how well it can predict
predictions and accurately predict the results. new answers based on training.

Q16 Differentiate between what is AI and what is not AI with the help of an example?

AI Machine Not AI machine

1. AI machines are trained with data and 1. Smart machines which are not AI, do not require
algorithm. training data, they work on algorithms only.

2. AI constantly learns and evolves as it 2. Smart machines work on fixed algorithms and they
interacts with more data. The more data always work with the same level of efficiency, which
it has to work with, the more accurate its is programmed into them.
predictions and recommendations
become.

3. AI machines can analyses the situation

3. Machines which are not AI cannot take decisions on
and can take decisions accordingly.
their own.
4. Example: AI based drones capture the
real-time data during the flight, 4. Example: An automatic door in a shopping mall,
processes it in real-time, and makes a seems to be AI-enabled, but it is built with only sensor
human-independent decision based on technology.
the processed data.
Example: A fully automatic washing machine can work on
its own, but it requires human involvement to select the
parameters of washing and to do the necessary preparation
for it to function correctly before each wash, which makes
it an example of automation, not AI.

Q17 List down various sensors that are present in a smartphone and the type of data which gets collected
through them.
 ACCELEROMETER [ helps running AR applications and track steps]
 GPS [ Location Data]
 Gyroscope [Orientation Data]
 Magnetometer [ Direction and Magnetic Field Data]
 Biometric Sensors [Fingerprint, Iris, Face data]

Q18 What do you understand by AI, ML & DL? How are they different from each other?

Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI is incorporating human intelligence to machines. Whenever a machine

completes tasks based on a set of rules that solve problems (algorithms), such an “intelligent” behavior is what
is called artificial intelligence.
Machine Learning (ML): ML is a subset of AI that uses statistical learning algorithms to build smart systems.
The ML systems can automatically learn and improve without explicitly being programmed.

Deep Learning (DL): In Deep Learning, the machine is trained

with huge amounts of data which helps it in training itself around
the data. Such machines are intelligent enough to develop
algorithms for themselves.

How they differ?

 Deep Learning is the most advanced form of Artificial
Intelligence out of these three.
 Then comes Machine Learning which is intermediately
intelligent and Artificial intelligence covers all the concepts
and algorithms which, in some way or the other mimic
human intelligence.
 Therefore, AI is the umbrella term which covers ML and DL.

Q19 Differentiate between Deep Learning and Machine Learning

Q20 Give examples of Machine Learning?

Virtual Personal Assistants, Recommendation systems like Netflix, Face Apps, Online Fraud Detection

Q21 Give examples of Deep Learning?

Speech recognition, image recognition, finding patterns in a dataset, object classification in photographs,
character text generation, self-driving cars

Q22 Why do we need to collect data or why data is said to new gold today?
 It is through data collection that a business or management has the quality information they need to
make informed decisions from further analysis, study, and research.
 Data collection allows them to stay on top of trends, provide answers to problems, and analyze new
insights to great effect.
  Data to a machine is similar to food for human being to function. The world of Artificial Intelligence
revolves around Data. Every company whether small or big is collecting data from as many sources as
possible. Data is called the New Gold today.

Q23 Where do we collect data from?

Data can be collected from various sources like –
 Surveys
 Sensors
 Observations
 Web scrapping (Internet)
 Interviews
 Documents and records
 Oral histories

Q24 What is data mining? Explain with example.

 Data mining is the process of analyzing large data sets and extracting the useful information from it.
 Data mining is used by companies to turn raw data into useful information. It is an interdisciplinary
subfield of computer science and statistics with an overall goal to extract information
 Data mining is also known as Knowledge Discovery in Data (KDD)

Example:
Price Comparison websites- They collect data about a product from different sites and then analyze trends out
of it and show up the most appropriate results.

Q25 Why training with information/Data is important in Artificial Intelligent devices?

 Similar to human beings, AI devices need experience to give better results and improve in every next
iteration. For giving better results, the machine should be trained with some real data.
 The more the amount of accurate data, the better predictions will be made by the machine. Hence, data
is very important in AI devices.

Q26 What are the three domains of AI?

 Data Science/ Big Data
 Computer Vision (CV)
 Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Q27 What type of data is used in three domains of AI?

 Data Science/ Big Data – It takes input in the form of numeric and alphanumeric data.
 Computer Vision (CV) – It takes input in the form of images and videos.
 Natural Language Processing (NLP) - It takes input in the form of text and speech.

Q28 What is Data Science?

 It is a domain of AI related to data systems and processes, in which the system collects numerous data,
maintains data sets and derives meaning/sense out of them.
 The information extracted through data science can be used to make a decision about it.

For example: a company that has petabytes of user data may use data science to develop effective ways to store,
manage, and analyze the data.

Q29 Give examples of Data science?

Price Comparison Websites/ Website Recommendations/ Fraud and Risk detection/ Internet search/
Personalized healthcare recommendations / Optimizing Traffic routes in real-time / image tagging.
Q30 What is Computer Vision?
 Computer Vision, abbreviated as CV, is a domain of AI that depicts the capability of a machine to get
and analyze visual information and afterwards predict some decisions about it.
 The entire process involves image acquiring, screening, analyzing, identifying and extracting
information.

For Example: - Self-Driving cars/ Automatic Cars, Face Lock in Smartphones

Q31 Give examples of Computer vision?

Self-Driving cars/ Autonomous vehicles Face Lock in Smartphones/ Medical Imaging/ Facial recognition
/Security Systems / Waste Management / Satellite imaging.

Q32 What is Natural Language Processing?

 It is abbreviated as NLP, is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the interaction between
machine/computers and humans using the natural language.
 Natural language refers to language that is spoken and written by people, and natural language
processing (NLP) attempts to extract information from the spoken and written word using algorithms.

For Example: Email filters, Smart assistants: - Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa

Q33 Give examples of Natural Language Processing?

Email filters/Smart assistants/ Sentiment Analysis/Automatic Summarization/Search results / Language
translation / Digital phone calls.

Q34 What is AI Ethics?

AI ethics are the set of guiding principles that stakeholders (from engineers to government officials) use to
ensure artificial intelligence technology is developed and used responsibly. This means taking a safe, secure,
humane, and environmentally friendly approach to AI.

Q35 List AI Ethics.

AI Bias, AI Access, Data privacy, Unemployment, AI for kids.

Q36 What do you understand by Data Privacy?

The world of Artificial Intelligence revolves around Data.
 Proper and ethical handling of own data or user data is called data privacy.
 It is all about the rights of individuals with respect to their personal information. It ensures that the data
shared by customers/users is only used for its intended purpose

Q37 Why various apps in Smart phones collect data from the user?
Ans Smartphones is one of the major sources of data for many major companies.
Apps need a lot of data which is collected from the user like details about your face, browsing history, or your
geographic location, contact list etc.
This data is collected to provide us with a lot of facilities and feature:
 To provide us with customized recommendations and notifications according to our choices.
 To improve the efficiency and accuracy of the App.

Q38 What is AI Bias?

AI bias is the underlying prejudice in data that’s used to create AI algorithms, which can ultimately result in
discrimination and other social consequences.