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PHP Guide

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12 views

PHP Guide

Uploaded by

ham2323ham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHP Guide

Chapter 1: Introduction to PHP

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source scripting language that is especially

suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. It is executed on the server,

generating HTML which is then sent to the client.

Chapter 2: PHP Syntax

A PHP script is executed on the server, and the plain HTML result is sent to the browser. PHP

scripts are enclosed in <?php and ?> tags.

Example:

<?php

echo 'Hello, World!';

?>

Chapter 3: Variables and Data Types

Variables in PHP start with a $ sign, followed by the name of the variable. PHP supports different

data types such as strings, integers, floats, arrays, and objects.

Example:

<?php

$text = 'Hello, World!';

$number = 42;

$float = 3.14;

?>

Chapter 4: Operators
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PHP operators are used to perform operations on variables and values. Common operators include:

- Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %

- Assignment Operators: =, +=, -=, *=, /=

- Comparison Operators: ==, ===, !=, !==, >, <, >=, <=

- Logical Operators: &&, ||, !

Example:

<?php

$a = 10;

$b = 5;

echo $a + $b; // 15

echo $a > $b; // true

?>

Chapter 5: Control Structures

Control structures in PHP include conditional statements and loops that control the flow of

execution.

- Conditional Statements: if, else if, else, switch

Example:

<?php

if ($x > 10) {

echo 'x is greater than 10';

} else {

echo 'x is less than or equal to 10';

?>
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- Loops: for, while, do...while, foreach

Example:

<?php

for ($i = 0; $i < 5; $i++) {

echo $i;

?>

Chapter 6: Functions

Functions are blocks of code designed to perform a particular task. They are executed when they

are called. You can define a function using the function keyword.

Example:

<?php

function greet($name) {

return 'Hello, ' . $name . '!';

echo greet('John'); // Hello, John!

?>

Chapter 7: Arrays

Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable. PHP supports indexed arrays,

associative arrays, and multidimensional arrays.

Example:

<?php
PHP Guide

$fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Orange'];

$person = ['name' => 'John', 'age' => 30, 'city' => 'New York'];

echo $fruits[0]; // Apple

echo $person['name']; // John

?>

Chapter 8: Superglobals

PHP superglobals are built-in variables that are always accessible, regardless of scope. Common

superglobals include:

- $_GET: Collects data sent in the URL

- $_POST: Collects data sent in the HTTP POST method

- $_SERVER: Holds information about headers, paths, and script locations

Example:

<?php

echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];

echo $_POST['name'];

?>

Chapter 9: Working with Forms

Forms are used to collect user input. PHP can collect form data sent via both the GET and POST

methods.

Example:

<form method='post' action='<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; ?>'>

Name: <input type='text' name='name'>


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<input type='submit'>

</form>

<?php

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] == 'POST') {

$name = $_POST['name'];

echo $name;

?>

Chapter 10: Connecting to a Database

PHP can connect to various databases, the most common being MySQL. You can use the mysqli or

PDO extension to connect to a MySQL database.

Example using mysqli:

<?php

$conn = new mysqli('localhost', 'username', 'password', 'database');

if ($conn->connect_error) {

die('Connection failed: ' . $conn->connect_error);

echo 'Connected successfully';

$conn->close();

?>

Chapter 11: Sessions and Cookies

Sessions and cookies are used to store information across different pages. Sessions are stored on
PHP Guide

the server, while cookies are stored on the client's browser.

Example of using sessions:

<?php

session_start();

$_SESSION['username'] = 'John';

echo $_SESSION['username'];

?>

Example of using cookies:

<?php

setcookie('user', 'John', time() + (86400 * 30), '/');

echo $_COOKIE['user'];

?>

Chapter 12: File Handling

PHP provides functions for file handling, allowing you to read, write, and manipulate files. Common

functions include fopen(), fread(), fwrite(), and fclose().

Example:

<?php

$file = fopen('test.txt', 'w');

fwrite($file, 'Hello, World!');

fclose($file);

?>

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