Day 2: Python Data Structures and Functions
Lists, Tuples, Dictionaries, Sets: Python provides several built-in data structures for
organizing and storing data:
Lists: Ordered collection of items. Mutable, meaning they can be modified after
creation.
Tuples: Similar to lists but immutable, meaning they cannot be modified after
creation.
Dictionaries: Collection of key-value pairs. Keys are unique and immutable, values
can be of any data type.
Sets: Unordered collection of unique items. Useful for mathematical operations like
union, intersection, etc.
List Comprehensions: List comprehensions provide a concise way to create lists. They
consist of an expression followed by a for clause, then zero or more for or if clauses.
# Example of list comprehension
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
squared_numbers = [num ** 2 for num in numbers]
print(squared_numbers) # Output: [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
Functions: Functions are blocks of reusable code that perform a specific task. They improve
code modularity and reusability.
# Example of defining and calling a function
def greet(name):
return "Hello, " + name + "!"
print(greet("Alice")) # Output: Hello, Alice!
Lambda Functions: Lambda functions, also known as anonymous functions, are small,
single-expression functions without a name.
# Example of a lambda function
add = lambda x, y: x + y
print(add(3, 4)) # Output: 7
Basic Input/Output Operations: Python provides built-in functions for taking input from
the user and displaying output.
# Example of input/output operations
name = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Hello, " + name + "!")
Output:
Enter your name: Bob
Hello, Bob!
These are some of the foundational concepts of Python programming that you'll use
extensively in your journey as a Python programmer.
Day 2: Python Data Structures and Functions
Lists, Tuples, Dictionaries, Sets
Lists:
Ordered, mutable, allows duplicate elements
Created using square brackets []
Example:
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
Common methods:
o append(): Adds an element at the end
o remove(): Removes the first occurrence of an element
o pop(): Removes an element at a given index
Tuples:
Ordered, immutable, allows duplicate elements
Created using parentheses ()
Example:
fruits = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
Accessed via index: fruits[0]
Dictionaries:
Key-value pairs, unordered, mutable
Created using curly braces {} with colons :
Example:
student = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25, "courses": ["Math",
"Science"]}
Common methods:
o keys(): Returns a view object of all keys
o values(): Returns a view object of all values
o items(): Returns a view object of all key-value pairs
Sets:
Unordered, mutable, no duplicate elements
Created using curly braces {} or the set() function
Example:
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
Common methods:
o add(): Adds an element
o remove(): Removes an element
o union(): Returns a set containing all elements from both sets
List Comprehensions
Concise way to create lists
Syntax: [expression for item in iterable if condition]
Example:
squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]
even_squares = [x**2 for x in range(10) if x % 2 == 0]
Functions: Defining and Calling Functions, Lambda
Functions
Defining and Calling Functions:
Use the def keyword
Example:
def greet(name):
return f"Hello, {name}!"
print(greet("Alice"))
Lambda Functions:
Anonymous functions defined with the lambda keyword
Syntax: lambda arguments: expression
Example:
add = lambda x, y: x + y
print(add(2, 3))
Basic Input/Output Operations
Input:
Using input() to get user input
Example:
name = input("Enter your name: ")
print(f"Hello, {name}!")
This concludes the note for Day 2: Python Data Structures and Functions.
