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464 Week 1 Activity

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Apinan Soottitantawat
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60 views18 pages

464 Week 1 Activity

Uploaded by

Apinan Soottitantawat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Week 1: Class Activity

48
Environmental control

Recycle

Reactor Feed Reactor Phase


Separation Purification
Preparation

Environmental
Control

No waste treatment.
Project Phases
Opportunity Conceptual Basic Engineering &
Operations
Analysis Design Engineering Construction

Plan Select Define Execute Operate

Identify Select best Commissioning &


Client Goal

Finalized scope Engineering and operating to


potential identified
& execution plan construction achieve design
business project
management performance
opportunity approaches
Classify risks Quantify Contracting
economics
Align objectives Rank by value Sanctioning
Cost estimate: Cost estimate: Cost estimate:
Cost estimate:
Order of Budget Details
Preliminary
magnitude Authorization
(factor/study) +10%/-5%
+50%/-30% +20%/-15%
+30%/-20%
Project Control
+15%/-10%

Basic Engineering
• Basic design and engineering
• Front-End Engineering Design (FEED)
http://kemworks.com/phosphate-process-technology/project-delivery/
Project Deliverables
Opportunity Conceptual Basic Engineering &
Operations
Analysis Design Engineering Construction

Scoping study Pre-Feasibility


study Well defined design package

Project description Process simulation PFD’s Instrument lists

Process design
PFD P&ID’s Site Plans
basis
Block Flow Major equipment Equipment Lists Plot Plan’s
Diagrams selection
Order-of Equipment
Line Lists
magnitude cost Engineering Specs datasheets
estimate
Preliminary Cost Process Other layouts
Estimate simulations/ impacting Budget
calculations Cost

ChE design courses usually only Basic Engineering


have enough detail to get this • Basic design and engineering
• Front-End Engineering Design
http://kemworks.com/phosphate-process-technology/project-delivery/
Conceptual Design Concept
Establish Basis of Design (done)
Develop Process Flow Diagram
Produce & Optimize Mass and Energy Balance
Major Equipment Selection and Sizing

HEX Reactors Compressors Fractionators Others

Modify Mass and Energy Balance


Produce Process Flow Diagram

54
Objective of Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
1. Plant design basis
• PFD shows the plant design basis indicating feedstock, product
and main streams flow rates and operating conditions.
2. Scop of process
• PFD serves to identify the scope of the process
3. Equipment configuration
• PFD shows graphically the arrangement of major equipment,
process lines and main control loops
4. Required utilities
• PFD shows utilities which are used continuously in the process.
Not in Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
• Minor process lines which are not usually used in normal
operation and minor equipment, such as block valves,
safety/relief valves, etc.
• Elevation of equipment
• All spare equipment
• Heat transfer equipment, pump, compressor, etc. to be
operated in parallel or in series shall be shown as one unit.
• Piping information such as size, orifice plates, strainers, and
classification into hot or cold insulated of jacket piping.
Not in Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
• Instrumentation not related to automatic control.
• Instrumentation of trip system, (because it cannot be
decided at the PFD preparation stage)
• Drivers of rotating machinery except where they are
important for control line of the process conditions.
• Any dimensional information on equipment, such as
internal diameter, height, length and volume. Internal of
equipment shall be shown only if required for a clear
understanding of the working of the equipment.
Note for PFD development
1. Process work on paper is much cheaper than
project work. Changes at the PFD stage are more
economical than changes at a later stage.
2. Spend more time on finalizing the PFD before
moving to basic engineering phase.
Process flow diagram
Process flow diagram
P&ID (Piping-Instrument Diagram)
P&IDs are used as basis for the design of related system
1. Design basis for EPC contractors with special notes for
design
2. Equipment design basis
3. Piping design basis: both lines for normal operation, start-
up, and shut-down, etc.
4. Instrumentation design basis
5. Interlock, safeguarding, and safety equipment design basis
6. Utility design basis: both continuous and intermittent
P&ID Content
Show every components that you want to see in your plant and
do not want the EPC contractor to miss!!!

• All equipment • All piping with line • All instrumentation with


including installed numbers, sizes and s function types
stand-by specification • In-line instrument sizes
• Titles of towers, • All valves • Control valve sizes and
reactors, • All packaged action on air failure
• Dimensions of tower, equipment with tie-ins • Relief values with size
vessels and tanks • Sample connections and set P
• Vessel elevations
• Pumps, compressors
and their driver
PFD vs P&ID
PFD P&ID
 The PFD is needed
Used during construction? No Yes*
Shows all process and service No Yes
early in the project,
piping? when mass balance
Indicates presence of all controls? No Yes
is being prepared
Shows all motors? No Yes
Shows thermal insulation? No Yes  PFD guides the
Show Major Equipment? Yes Yes preparation of the
Shows flow quantities? Yes No P&ID
Shows stream compositions? Yes No

63
Example of P&IDs

64
Example of P&IDs

65
P&ID development
From PFD to P&ID

Basic flowsheet Design with Operability


LC
1

FC
1

Copyright © Thomas Marlin 2013

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