CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

3.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter illustrates the flow of data gathering and covers how it was done prior to the
completion of the specific research project. Interviews and structured questionnaires were used
to gather the data. Therefore, the research design, research population, description of sample size
and sampling technique, description research instrument, validity and reliability of the device,
data collection methods, data analysis, ethical issues, and study limits were all covered in this
methodology chapter.
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN
The researcher will use cross-sectional survey design, both qualitative and quantitative will be
used. This is because the data that are going to be collected will be numerical and descriptive in
nature, qualitative designs helped in giving detailed information while quantitative designs
involved the collection of the numerical data in order to give fact on a given situation.

3. 2 TARGET POPULATION
A study population is generally an extensive collection of individuals or objects that focus on a
scientific query, in another phrase, the study's target population is defined as the entirety of the
products or objects that the researcher is interested in, according to Uma (2007). It can also
represent the whole population in a field of study. For this case, the Target population for this
study is 100 respondents

3.3 DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLING PROCEDURES

Due to the large population size, the researcher often cannot test every individual in the entire
city; it is too expensive and time-consuming. The confidence level is 95%, the margin of error is
10%, the population proportion is 50%, and the population size of Juba city is expected to
reached 4 million.
In this case, 50 respondents were selected decisively in which the target of the study was
reached. Snowball sampling design was used in this study. When members of the target
population are found, for example, they are requested to submit the names and contact
information of other members of the target population, who are then contacted and asked to
suggest others, and so on. Snowball sampling makes the basic premise that individuals of the
target population know each other (conscious elites) According to Strydom (2005:203),
researchers should always request more than one recommendation from a respondent to
guarantee that the chain is not broken.
3. 4 DESCRIPTION OF DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT
Research Instruments are measurement tools such as questionnaires or scales designed to obtain
data on a topic of interest from research subjects. This study used the following instruments;

a) Questionnaires.
A self-administered questionnaire was administered to the respondents of selected audiences
residing in the case study area of study. The sample for the consumers and businessmen was
limited to specific groups of sex, economic elites, local business owners and informed victimized
consumers, this is made to avoid collecting irrelevant information from uninformed citizen. The
respondents were selected in regards to their occupation about the knowledge and experiences on
current dire economic situation relating to outrageous price discrimination within the city. The
researcher was able to get detailed information because of the open-ended nature of the
questionnaire, which the respondents who could read and write preferred.
Interview Schedule.
The interview schedule was necessary for study because of need of detailed information about
the topic. The structured interviews were administered to the selected respondents in the
residents who were knowledgeable and more conscious about the problem under investigation.
Also, this is basically set to avoid respondents who could not read and write to participate in the
research. A set of well-defined and highly standardized questions were used.
Observation.
This approach provides guidance to the researcher on how to observe and describe the problem's
circumstance. The information produced by the aforementioned additional approaches might also
be compared by the researcher. The data provide thorough descriptions of participant behaviors
and the entire gamut of human relationships, which makes this approach explicable. The
researcher was also able to directly observe the facts that were available.

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3.5 MEASUREMENT OF VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF DATA COLLECTION
3.5.1 Validity of Data Collection Instruments
The validity of these instruments is crucial in ensuring that the data collected is accurate and
reliable. Validity refers to the extent to which a data collection instrument measures what it is
intended to measure. It is important to establish the validity of data collection instruments to
ensure that the results obtained from the research are valid and can be used to draw meaningful
conclusions. In this context, the supervisor (MR. Jimmy Pitia) and a few topic experts in
business management science got the instrument for validation.

3.5.2 Reliability of Data Collection Instrument

However, the test-retest reliability technique is one of the most basic methods for verifying an
instrument's stability and dependability over time. The researcher used a test-retest technique to
determine the instrument's dependability. In order to do this, fifty copies of the questionnaire are
expected to be distributed to fifty randomly selected respondents. After one week, the same
group received an additional thirty copies of the identical questionnaire. Pearson's Product
Moment Correlation will be used to compare their replies on the two occasions. If A co-efficient
of 0.82 was obtained, which was sufficient to deem the instrument dependable.

3.6 DESCRIPTION OF DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES

3.6.1 Primary Sources
The research included observational data collection methods in addition to informal interviews
with various groups of respondents. Surveys were being sent in order to improve the method's
facilitation. Interviews with important informants, including many companies Equity bank,
Ezentus, Bollore and commercial bank for instance, intellectuals, Human resource managers
from renounced companies among others. This strategy is inclusive because it can’t capture
perspective of Equity bank employees and managers but also difference views of selected
audience within the for the city.

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3.6.2 Secondary Sources.
The research of the literature was made easier by the data generated from various sources,
including the libraries of Catholic University, the University of Juba, the Whitaker Peace, the
internet resources offered by American and Japanese corners, the Home Library, the GOSS
Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning. Journals, workshop and seminar papers,
government programs, textbooks, and national strategic plans were among the sources of
knowledge.
3.7 DESCRIPTION OF DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURES
The data collected were processed and analyzed using IBM statistical packages for social science
(SPSS) and tools like tables, graphs, charts, and percentages to get information from the study.
After collecting the data through questionnaires and observing the data, data were tallied, edited,
coded, and tabulated to give similar information. Editing were done to ensure completeness,
accuracy, consistency, and uniformity of the work. Coding involved classifying the data
collected into their meaningful categories; each category was given a name or code to enable
easy analysis. Data coded was worked out in percentages and tables, graphs, charts and
percentages for easy interpretation.

3.8 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

This study ensures that participants fully understand the risks and benefits of a study before
agreeing to participate. Researcher will make sure clear and understandable information about
the purpose of the study, potential risks, confidentiality measures, and the right to withdraw at
any time without penalty. In cases where participants may not have the capacity to provide
informed consent, such as children or individuals with cognitive impairments, researcher must
obtain informed consent from a legally authorized representative while still respecting the
individual’s autonomy.
Ethical considerations also extend to the data collection and analysis process, ensuring that
participants' privacy and confidentiality are protected. Researcher will take steps to safeguard
sensitive information, such as de-identifying data, using secure data storage methods, and
limiting access to confidential information. Additionally, researchers must be transparent in

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reporting their findings, accurately representing the data collected and acknowledging any
conflicts of interest that may have influenced the study.