FORM, SCAFFOLDING AND STAGING

FORMS
The structural members of a building are built-up into its desired shapes and
dimensions through the use of form. Form is the temporary boarding, sheathing or pan to
produce desired shape and size of concrete.
Forms must be simple and economically designed in such a manner that they are
easily removed and reassembled without damage to themselves or to the concrete.

FORM WORKS FOR SQUARE AND RECTANGULAR COLUMN

In determining the materials for square and rectangular column forms, one has to consider
the following:
1. The thickness of the board to be used
2. The size of the frame
3. Types of framework to be adopted
a. Continuous Rib Type
b. Stud type
 Formula in finding the Materials for Square and Rectangular Column Forms
1. P = 2(a + b) + 0.20
Where : P = lateral perimeter of the column
a = shorter side of the column
b = longer side of the column
0.20 = constant value of the lapping of form joints
2. Multiply P by the height of one column times the number of columns
Continuous Rib Type to get the total area of the forms.
3. Divide the total area found by 2.88 to get the number of plywood forms
4. Multiply the number of plywood found by 29.67 to get the board foot
of frame required
Table H. BOARD FOOT OF WOOD FRAME FOR COLUMN AND BEAM PER PLYWOOD
FORM
THICKNESS OF PLYWOOD FRAME
Size of Wood
POST BEAM
Frame
6mm (1/4") 12mm (1/2") 6mm (1/4") 12mm (1/2")
2" x 2" 29.67 20.33 25.06 18.66
Rib Type
2" x 3" 44.5 30.5 37.60 28.00
EXAMPLE
Twelve concrete post at 4.00 meters high with a uniform cross-sectional dimensions of 0.40 x 0.40m
specify the use of ½” ordinary plywood on a 2” x 3” wood frame. List down the materials required
using continuous rib type forms.

0.40 0.50
Solution
A. Solving for the plywood Form
1. Find the lateral perimeter of one column using the formula:
P = 2(a + b) + 0.20
P = 2 0.40 + 0.40 + 0.20 = 1.80 m

2. Multiply P by the height of one column times the number of columns to get the total area of the
forms.
Area = 1.80 x 4.00 x12 = 86.4 m²
3. Divide the total area found by Area of the plywood to get the number of plywood forms
86.4 m³
No. of Plywood = = 30 pcs ½” Ordinary Plywood
(1.2m x 2.4 m)

B. Solving for the 2” x 3” wood frame for 30pcs plywood (see table H)
30 Plywood x 30.5 = 915 bd.ft
Order: 30pcs ½” 1.2x2.4m Plywood and 915 bd.ft 2” x 3” lumber
EXAMPLE
Ten reinforced concrete column with a general cross-sectional dimensions of 400 x 500mm by 5.0m
long each requires plywood form on a 2” x 3” frame. Order the materials required.

Cross-section Elevation
Solution
A. Solving for the plywood Form
1. Find the lateral perimeter of one column using the formula:
P = 2(a + b) + 0.20
P = 2 0.40 + 0.50 + 0.20 = 2.20 m
 2. Multiply P by the height of one column times the number of columns to get the total area of the
forms.
Area = 2.20 x 5.00 x10 = 110 m²
3. Divide the total area found by Area of the plywood to get the number of plywood forms
110 m²
No. of Plywood = = 38.2 say 39 pcs ½” Ordinary Plywood
(1.2m x 2.4 m)

B. Solving for the 2” x 3” wood frame for 39pcs plywood (see table H)
39 Plywood x 30.5 = 1,189.5 bd.ft

FORMS FOR CIRCULAR COLUMN

The plain galvanized iron sheet and black sheets are commonly used sheeting for circular , oval,
elliptical and other similar types considering its versatility in forming any shape of geometric design.
Metal sheets form is supported by metal frame or either plain bars, angular, tee or circular in
cross-section or whatever specified in the plan.
 TABLE I. QUANTITY OF METAL FORM FOR CIRCULAR COLUMN
Length of vertical
Size of Metal Sheet No. of Sheet ribs in m length of Circumferential
in (m) per m² spacing in (cm) Ties in (m)
0.90 x 2.40 0.462 25.0 18.0 9.52
1.20 x 2.40 0.347 25.0 18.0 9.52

EXAMPLE
Determine the required galvanized iron sheet form for 8 circular columns 4.0 meters high each with a
uniform cross-sectional diameter of 0.6 meters.

Cross-section Elevation
Solution

1. Solve for the circumference of the column

C=π x 0.6m = 1.88 m
2. Multiply by column height to find the surface area
A= 1.88 x 4.0m = 7.52 m²
3. Compute the area of the 8 columns
ATOTAL = 7.52 x 8.0 = 60.16 m²

4. Refer to Table I. Find the number of sheets using 1.2m x 2.4m G.I. sheet

No.SHEET = 60.16 x 0.347 = 21 pcs

5. Refer to Table I. Find the number of vertical support at 15cm spacing distance

VSUPPORT = 60.16 x 25 = 1,504 m

6. Convert to commercial length of steel bar using 6.0 meter length
1,504 m
= 250.7 say 251 pcs
6m
 7. Refer to Table I. Compute the circumferential Ties
Ties = 60.16 x 9.52 = 572.7 m say 573 meters

8. Convert to commercial length of steel bar using 6.0 meter length

573 m
= 95.5 say 96 pcs
6m
FORMS BEAM AND GIRDER
Forms for Beam and Girder are made only to three parts; one bottom form and two side forms.
They are made of either metal or plywood materials supported by galvanized pipe staging or wooden
lumber of varying size from 2” x 2” to 2” x 3” for good lumber & 2” x 3” to 2” x 4” for coco lumber.
Wooden lumber forms are rigidly supported with sufficient vertical and diagonal bracing to carry
the heavy load of concrete weighing approximately 65 kilograms per cubic foot.
Formula in finding the Materials for Beam and Girder Forms
1. P = 2(d) + b + 0.10
Where : P = perimeter of the 2 sides form 0.10 = constant value of the lapping of form joints
d = Two sides form
b = The bottom form
EXAMPLE
Ten concrete beams with cross-sectional dimensions 0.30m x 0.40m has a uniform clear span of
4.50m . Using ½” 1.2 x 2.4m plywood on 2” x 3” lumber frame, Calculate the materials required.

0.40 0.40
Solution
A. Solving for the plywood Form
1. Find the lateral perimeter of the beam using the formula:
P = 2(d) + b + 0.10
P = (2 0.40) + 0.30 + 0.10 = 1.20 m
2. Multiply P by the length and number of beams to get the total area of the forms.
Area = 1.20 x 4.50 x10 = 54 m²
3. Divide the total area found by Area of the plywood to get the number of plywood forms
54 m²
No. of Plywood = = 18.75 order 19 pcs ½” Ordinary Plywood
(1.2m x 2.4 m)
B. Solving for the 2” x 3” wood frame for 19pcs plywood (see table H)
19 Plywood x 28 = 532 bd.ft

Order: 19 pcs ½” 1.2x2.4m Plywood and 532 bd.ft 2” x 3” lumber

EXAMPLE
Ten concrete Girder with a general dimensions of 0.30m x 0.50m has a uniform clear span of 6.0m .
Using ½” 1.2 x 2.4m plywood on 2” x 3” lumber frame, Find the materials required.
Solution
A. Solving for the plywood Form
1. Find the lateral perimeter of the beam using the formula:
P = 2(d) + b + 0.10
P = (2 0.50) + 0.30 + 0.10 = 1.40 m
2. Multiply P by the length and number of beams to get the total area of the forms.
Area = 1.40 x 6.00 x10 = 84 m²
3. Divide the total area found by Area of the plywood to get the number of plywood forms
84 m²
No. of Plywood = = 29.17 order 30 pcs ½” Ordinary Plywood
(1.2m x 2.4 m)
B. Solving for the 2” x 3” wood frame for 19pcs plywood (see table H)
30 Plywood x 28 = 840 bd.ft

Order: 30 pcs ½” 1.2x2.4m Plywood and 840 bd.ft 2” x 3” lumber

❖ SCAFFOLDING AND STAGING

Scaffolding is a temporary structure of wooden poles and planks providing platform for
workers to stand on while erecting or repairing of building. It is further defined as temporary
framework for other purposes.
Staging on the other hand is a more substantial framework progressively built up as a
tall building rises up. The term staging is applied because it is built up in stages one story at a
time.
The use of metal pipe scaffolding and staging is now dominating the market of
construction industry considering its durability, multiple use and ease of assembling and
dismantling.

The Different parts of scaffolding to consider are:

1. Vertical support
2. Base of vertical support (as needed)
3. Horizontal member
4. Diagonal Braces
5. Block and wedges
6. Nails and bolts
 Table J. QUANTITY OF LUMBER FOR SCAFFOLDING & STAGING
Column Beam Flooring
Lumber size Board Ft. per m. ht. Board Ft. per m. ht. Board Ft.
Vertical Horizontal Brace Vertical Horizontal per m²
2" x 2" 4.70 21.00 11.70 4.00 4.70 6.10
2" x 3" 7.00 31.67 17.50 6.00 7.00 9.10
2" x 4" 9.35 42.25 23.35 8.00 9.35 12.10

EXAMPLE
A reinforce concrete building has 9 columns with clear height of 4.0 meters as shown in the figure.
Determine the required scaffolding under the following specifications: 2” x 3” Vertical support and 2”
x 2” Horizontal and Diagonal braces.
Solution
A. Scaffolding for Columns
1. Find the total length of the 9 columns
4.00 x 9 columns = 36.0 m.
2. Refer to Table J, Using 2” x 3” vertical support
36 x 7.00 = 252 bd.ft. 2” x 3” x 14 ft.
3. Find the Horizontal supports. Refer to Table J. using 2” x 2” lumber
36 x 21.00 = 756 bd.ft. 2” x 2” lumber
4. Find the diagonal braces. Refer to Table J. using 2” x 2” lumber
36 x 11.70 = 421 bd.ft. 2” x 2” lumber

B. Scaffolding for the Beam

1. Find the total length of the 6 Beam
Length : (4.5 x 6.0) + (4.0 x 6.0) = 51 m.
 2. Refer to Table J,
a. For vertical support using 2” x 3” lumber
51 x 6.00 = 306 bd.ft. 2” x 3”
b. For horizontal support using 2” x 2” lumber
51 x 4.70 = 240 bd.ft. 2” x 2”
C. Scaffolding for Concrete Slab
1. Find the Area of the Concrete Floor Slab
Area : 4.50 x 4.00 x 4 units = 72 m²
2. Refer to Table J, Using 2” x 3” support
72 x 9.10 = 655 bd.ft. 2” x 3” lumber
D. Floor Slab Forms
1. Find the Area of the Concrete Floor Slab
Area : 4.50 x 4.00 x 4 units = 72 m²
2. Divide the Area of the slab by the area of the
plywood
72 m²
= 25 pcs ½” Ordinary Plywood
(1.2m x 2.4 m)

Summary of Materials

A. For Columns - - - - - - - - 252 board feet 2” x 3”

1,177 board feet 2” x 2”
B. For Beams - - - - - - - - - 306 board feet 2” x 3”
240 board feet 2” x 2”
C. For Slab - - - - - - - - - - - 655 board feet 2” x 3”
D. Floor Slab Form - - - - - 25 4’ x 8’ plywood