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A Distribution in Another Distribution

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6 views4 pages

A Distribution in Another Distribution

Uploaded by

nhengog
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A DISTRIBUTION IN ANOTHER DISTRIBUTION

Distributions can have other distributions embedded in then. A distribution can be used to calculate a
parameter for another distribution.

Example

If ages of a group of people are normally distributed with mean 40 years and standard deviation 2
years. Find
a. the probability of picking a person over 43 years.
b. i. the probability that if 12 people are picked from this population, 4 will be over 43 years.
ii. the expected number of people below 43 years in a sample of 290 people from this
population.

Solution

Let X be the ages of people in the population. X N(40;4)

a. P(X>43)=P(Z>1.5)
=1-
=0.0668

b. (i)

let Y be the number of people over 43 years. Y B(12;0.0668)

The parameter, P (proportion), for the binomial distribution Y is coming from the other
distribution X. Check the underlined phrases in part (a) and (b) of the question. In question a,
we have over 43 years, in b we have over 43 years and below 43 years. These phrases
connect part a (normal distribution) and part b (binomial distribution). Otherwise the normal
distribution is embedded in the binomial distribution.

P(Y=4)=0.00567

(ii). let the number of people below 43 years be K.


The proportion of K is 1- 0.0668 = 0.9332
K
E(K)=np
=290 0.9332
=271

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Exercise
1. A boy is throwing a biased die 4 times and noting the number of tails. He knows that the probability of
getting a tail is half the probability of getting a head.
a. Find the probability that he gets at least one tail.
b. He repeated the experiment 10 times, find the probability that he gets at least one tail more than 5
times.

2. A potato grower discovered that her potatoes started flowering at random. She noted that on average
there were 2 flowers per square meter. Find the probability that
a. there are at least 2 flowers on a randomly chosen square meter.
b. the farmer divided his one hectare potato field into square meters. She counted the number of
flowers on each of the square meters. Find the probability that more than 6 000 square meters will
have at least 2 flowers.

3. Adverts are popping up at random on a computer connected to the internet. Chris discovered that on
average there are 0.3 adverts per minute.
a. after an advert pops, find the probability that the next advert will come in less than 2 minutes.
b. it is now 1.5 minutes since Chris saw the last advert on his computer. Find the probability that the
time between the next advert and the previous advert on Chris’ computer will be more than 4
minutes.
c. if 7 such computers are observed from 10.00am, find the probability that 5 of them will have adverts
before 10.02am.

4. The probability that a new car develops a mechanical fault is 0.05. if a car develops a mechanical fault in
the first 6 years, the manufacturer will replace that car.
a. Find the probability that a car will develop a mechanical fault on its 10th year.
b. Find the probability that a car will not develop a mechanical fault in the first 6 years.
c. ZESA bought 5 cars from this manufacturer. Find the probability that 2 of these cars will be replaced.

5. A continuous random variable X has a distribution N(14;41).


a. Find Var(X)
b. Find P(X>10)
c. A random sample of 9 numbers was selected from the distribution of X, find the probability that at
most 7 of these numbers are greater than 10.

6. Thomas is playing mini soccer with his friend. For each ball, Thomas has a 0.2 chance of scoring that ball.
A game consists of 5 balls. To win a game a player needs to score at least 3 balls.
a. Find the probability that Thomas wins a game.
b. Thomas’ uncle offered to give him $5 for his first win. Find the probability that he will get the offer
after 7 games.
c. What is the probability that he will win after 15 games given that he has already lost 11 games?

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