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Module - 5 Stored Procedures

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11 views

Module - 5 Stored Procedures

Uploaded by

Santhosh Pa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Implementing Stored

Procedures
Overview

Introducing Stored Procedures


Creating, Modifying, Dropping, and Executing
Stored Procedures
Using Parameters in Stored Procedures
Handling Error Messages
Working with Stored Procedures
Lesson: Introducing Stored Procedures

What Are Stored Procedures?


Advantages of Stored Procedures
Initial Processing of Stored Procedures
Subsequent Processing of Stored Procedures
What Are Stored Procedures?

procedures is a set of TSql statements which is


executed as single unit

Accept Input Parameters and Return Output


Parameter Values
Advantages of Stored Procedures

Makes application Loosely coupled


Provide Security Mechanisms
Improve Performance
Reduce Network Traffic
Initial Processing of Stored Procedures

Creation
Entries into sysobjects
Parsing
and syscomments tables

Execution
(first time or Optimization
recompile)

Compiled plan placed in


Compilation
procedure cache
Subsequent Processing of Stored Procedures

Execution Plan Retrieved


Execution Plan Execution Context

8082
Connection 1
SELECT *
FROM
dbo.member 24
WHERE Connection 2
member_no = ?
1003
Connection 3

Unused plan is aged out


Lesson: Creating, Modifying, Dropping, and
Executing Stored Procedures

The CREATE PROCEDURE Statement


Guidelines for Creating Stored Procedures
The ALTER PROCEDURE Statement
The DROP PROCEDURE Statement
Stored Procedure Execution
The CREATE PROCEDURE Statement

Create in Current Database Using the CREATE


PROCEDURE Statement
USE Northwind
GO
CREATE PROC dbo.OverdueOrders
AS
SELECT *
FROM dbo.Orders
WHERE RequiredDate < GETDATE()
AND ShippedDate IS Null
GO

Can Nest to 32 Levels


Use sp_help to Display Information
Guidelines for Creating Stored Procedures

 dbo User Should Own All Objects

 One Stored Procedure for One Task

 Create, Test, and Troubleshoot

 Avoid sp_ Prefix in Stored Procedure Names

Use Same Connection Settings for All


 Stored Procedures

 Minimize Use of Temporary Stored Procedures


The ALTER PROCEDURE Statement

Altering Stored Procedures


 Include any options in ALTER PROCEDURE
 Does not affect nested stored procedures
USE Northwind
GO
ALTER PROC dbo.OverdueOrders
AS
SELECT CONVERT(char(8), RequiredDate, 1) RequiredDate,
CONVERT(char(8), OrderDate, 1) OrderDate,
OrderID, CustomerID, EmployeeID
FROM Orders
WHERE RequiredDate < GETDATE() AND ShippedDate IS Null
ORDER BY RequiredDate
GO
The DROP PROCEDURE Statement

Dropping Stored Procedures

 Execute the sp_depends stored procedure to determine


whether objects depend on the stored procedure

 Procedure information is removed from the sysobjects and


syscomments system tables

USE Northwind
GO
DROP PROC dbo.OverdueOrders
GO
Stored Procedure Execution

Executing a Stored Procedure by Itself


EXEC OverdueOrders

Executing a Stored Procedure Within an


INSERT Statement
INSERT INTO Customers
EXEC EmployeeCustomer
Lab A: Creating Stored Procedures

Exercise 1: Writing and Executing a


Stored Procedure
Exercise 2: Locating Stored
Procedure Information
Lesson: Using Parameters in Stored Procedures

Input Parameters
Methods of Setting Parameter Values
Return Values Using OUTPUT Parameters
Return Values Using the RETURN Statement
Stored Procedure Recompile
Input Parameters

Validate All CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.[Year to Year Sales]


@BeginDate DateTime = Null,
Incoming @EndDate DateTime = Null
AS
Parameter IF @BeginDate IS Null
Values First SET @BeginDate = dateadd(yy,-1,GetDate())

IF @EndDate IS Null
SET @EndDate = GetDate()
Provide
Appropriate IF Datediff(dd,@BeginDate,@EndDate) > 365
BEGIN
Default Values print('The maximum timespan allowed for
this report is one year.')
and Include RETURN
Null Checks END

SELECT O.ShippedDate,O.OrderID,OS.Subtotal,
DATENAME(yy,ShippedDate) AS Year
FROM ORDERS O INNER JOIN [Order Subtotals] OS
ON O.OrderID = OS.OrderID
WHERE O.ShippedDate
BETWEEN @BeginDate AND @EndDate

GO
Methods of Setting Parameter Values

Passing Values by Parameter Name


EXEC AddCustomer
@CustomerID = 'ALFKI',
@ContactName = 'Maria Anders',
@CompanyName = 'Alfreds Futterkiste',
@ContactTitle = 'Sales Representative',
@Address = 'Obere Str. 57',
@City = 'Berlin',
@PostalCode = '12209',
@Country = 'Germany',
@Phone = '030-0074321'

Passing Values by Position


EXEC AddCustomer 'ALFKI2', 'Alfreds Futterkiste',
'Maria Anders', 'Sales Representative', 'Obere Str.
57', 'Berlin', NULL, '12209', 'Germany', '030-0074321'
Return Values Using OUTPUT Parameters

CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.MathTutor


@m1 smallint,
Creating Stored @m2 smallint,
Procedure @result int OUTPUT
AS
SET @result = @m1 * @m2
GO

DECLARE @answer smallint


Executing Stored EXECUTE MathTutor 5,6, @answer
Procedure OUTPUT
SELECT 'The result is: ', @answer
Results of Stored
Procedure The result is: 30
Return Values Using the RETURN Statement

CREATE PROC dbo.NewEmployee(


@LastName nvarchar(20),
@FirstName nvarchar(10) ) AS
INSERT Employees(LastName,FirstName)
Creating Stored VALUES (@LastName, @FirstName)
Procedure
RETURN SCOPE_IDENTITY()
Go

DECLARE @NewEmployeeId int


EXEC @NewEmployeeId = dbo.NewEmployee
@LastName='Hankin', @FirsName='Alex'
Executing Stored
SELECT EmployeeID, LastName, FirstName
Procedure FROM Employees
WHERE EmployeeId = @NewEmployeeId

Result EmployeeID LastName FirstName


----------- -------------------- ----------
10 Hankin Alex
Stored Procedure Recompile

Recompile When
 Stored procedure returns widely varying result sets
 A new index is added to an underlying table
 The parameter value is atypical
Recompile by Using
 CREATE PROCEDURE [WITH RECOMPILE]
 EXECUTE [WITH RECOMPILE]
 sp_recompile
Lesson: Handling Error Messages

Error Messages
Demonstration: Handling Error Messages
Error Messages

RETURN Statement Exits Query or


Procedure Unconditionally
sp_addmessage Creates Custom Error Messages
@@error Contains Error Number for Last
Executed Statement
RAISERROR Statement
 Returns user-defined or system error message
 Sets system flag to record error
Demonstration: Handling Error Messages

Handling error messages


Dynamic SQL in Stored Procedures

Dynamic Search Conditions


declare @str nvarchar(60),@WhereCondition nvarchar(60)
SELECT @str = 'SELECT * FROM CUSTOMER WHERE 1=1'
IF LEN(@WhereCondition) > 0
SELECT @str = @str + @WhereCondition

EXEC sp_executesql @str

The IN Clause
SELECT @SQL =
'SELECT ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice
FROM Products
WHERE ProductID IN (' + (@ProductIDs) + ')'

Administrative Functions
Lab B: Creating Stored Procedures Using Parameters

Exercise 1: Using the Create Stored


Procedure Wizard
Exercise 2: Using Error Handling in
Stored Procedures
Exercise 3: Customizing Error Messages
Exercise 4: Using Return Codes
If Time Permits
 Executing Extended Stored Procedures
 Tracing Stored Procedures Using
SQL Profiler

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