MATH 11: MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS

MIDTERM EXAM #2
SOLUTIONS

Problem 1.
(a) Let f (x, y) be a function of two variables. Let u = ha, bi be a unit vector. The
directional derivative Du f (x, y) is defined by a limit: state this definition precisely.
(b) Compute the directional derivative of
f (x, y) = x2 sin(2y)
at (1, π/2) in the direction of v = 3i − 4j. (You do not have to use the definition!)
Solution. For (a),
f (x + ha, y + hb) − f (x, y)
Du f (x, y) = lim .
h→0 h
For (b), we make the unit vector u = h3/5, −4/5i, compute the gradient
∇f = h2x sin 2y, 2x2 cos 2yi
evaluate
(∇f )(1, π/2) = h2 sin π, 2 cos πi = h0, −2i
and dot to get
Du f (1, π) = (∇f )(1, π/2) · h3/5, −4/5i = 8/5.
Problem 2. Find ZZ
(x − 2y) dA
D
√
for the region D defined by x ≤ 4 and y ≥ 0 and y ≤ x.
Solution. We have
√ √
ZZ Z 4 Z x Z 4 y= x
(x − 2y) dA = (x − 2y) dy dx = (xy − y 2 ) dx
D 0 0 0 y=0
Z 4   x=4
3/2 2 5/2 1 2 24
= (x − x) dx = x − x = .
0 5 2 x=0 5
Problem 3. Consider the function
f (x, y) = 2x2 + 3y 2 − 4x − 5
on the region D = {(x, y) : x2 + y 2 ≤ 16}.
(a) Find all critical points of f (x, y) and classify them (local minimum, local maximum,
saddle point, or indeterminate).
(b) Find the absolute minimum and maximum values of f (x, y) on the region D and the
points where these are achieved.
Date: Thursday, 26 October 2017.
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Solution. (The domain D is bounded and closed. Therefore the extreme values of f exist.)
We have
0 = fx = 4x − 4 ⇒ x = 1,
and
0 = fy = 6y ⇒ y = 0.
Thus, (1, 0) is the only critical point, and f (1, 0) = −7. The second derivative test gives
2
D = fxx fyy − fxy = 4(6) − 0 = 24 > 0 and fxx = 4 > 0, so this is a local minimum. This
does (a).
For (b), if an extreme value is attained at a point (x, y) in the interior of the disc, then
(x, y) is a critical point of f , found above. Suppose now that an extrema is attained at a
point (x, y) on the boundary x2 + y 2 = 16 of the disc. The boundary is the level curve
g(x, y) = 16 of the function g(x, y) = x2 + y 2 . We apply the method of Lagrange multipliers:
∇f = λ∇g
h4x − 4, 6yi = λh2x, 2yi.
In particular, 6y = 2λy. Hence, y = 0 or λ = 3. If y = 0, then from x2 + y 2 = 16 we deduce
that x = ±4. The values √ f (4, 0) = 11 and f (−4,
√ 0) = 43 are possibly extreme. If λ = 3,
then x = −2 and y = ± 12. We have f (−2, ± 12) = 47. √
Thus, the absolute minimum is f (1, 0) = −7 and the maximal value is f (−2, ± 12) = 47.
Problem 4. Evaluate the integral
Z 8Z 2
x
p dy dx.
0 x1/3 16 + y 7

Solution. The graph of the region looks like this.

Looks like it will be easier to do the integral with respect to horizontal stripes: we get
Z 2 Z y3 Z 2 x=y 3
x2
ZZ
x x
p dA = p dx dy = p dy
D 16 + y 7 0 0 16 + y 7 7
0 2 16 + y x=0
Z 2
y6
= p dy.
7
0 2 16 + y
2
We make the substitution u = 16 + y 7 to get du = 7y 6 dy with new limits of integration
u = 16 to u = 144 and find now
Z 144 √ u=144
1 du u 1 8
√ = = (12 − 4) = .
14 16 u 7 u=16 7 7
Problem 5. Find the volume between the surfaces
x2 + y 2 − z + 1 = 0 and x2 + y 2 = 9 and the xy-plane.

Solution. The equation x2 + y 2 = 9 describes a cylinder with radius 3 giving the outer edges;
the top surface z = x2 +y 2 +1 describes a paraboloid shifted up by 1, and the bottom surface
is the xy-plane. So the resulting region is a scooped out cylinder.
The integral is not much fun to do directly, but in cylindrical (equivalently, polar) coor-
dinates it is not too bad: the top equation is z = 1 + r2 so
Z 2π Z 3 Z 1+r2 Z 2π Z 3
V = r dz dr dθ = (1 + r2 ) r dr dθ
0 0 0 0 0
 2 4
 r=3
r r 99 99π
= (2π) + = (2π) = .
2 4 r=0 4 2
p
Problem 6. Let E be the region bounded below by the cone z = x2 + y 2 and above by
the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9.
ZZZ
(a) Set up the limits of integration for z dV using spherical coordinates.
E
(b) Evaluate the integral in (a).

Solution. Combining (a) and (b), we have

ZZZ Z 3 Z 2π Z π/4
z dV = (ρ cos φ) ρ2 sin φ dφ dθ dρ
E 0 0 0
Z 2π Z π/4 Z 3
= dθ · cos φ sin φ dφ · ρ3 dρ
0 0 0
2 π/4 4 3
sin φ ρ 1 34 81π
= (2π) · · = (2π) · · = .
2 0 4 0 4 4 8
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Problem 7. Let E be the region in R lying below the plane z = 3 − 2y and above the
paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 .
(a) Sketch the projections onto the xy- and yz-planes, and label the curves on the bound-
ary with equations.
(b) Sketch a typical cross section parallel to the xz-plane (with y constant), and label
the curves on the boundary with equations. ZZZ
(c) Set up the limits of integration for the integral f (x, y, z) dV with respect to
E
dz dx dy and dx dz dy.

Solution. For (a):

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For (b):

They didn’t ask, but the region looks like a sloped egg wedge.

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 p
For (c), from the projections and solving x2 +(y +1)2 = 4 for x to get y = ± 4 − (y + 1)2
we have
Z 1 Z √4−(y+1)2 Z 3−2y
√ f (x, y, z) dz dx dy.
−3 − 4−(y+1)2 x2 +y 2

For the other coordinates, using the yz-projection: the curves z = y 2 and z = 3−2y intersect
at y 2 + 2y − 3 = (y + 3)(y − 1)p
= 0 so y = −3, 1 (giving correspondingly z = 9, 1). We solve
2 2
z = x + y for x to get x = ± z − y 2 as limits. So
Z 1 Z 3−2y Z √z−y2
√ f (x, y, z) dx dz dy.
−3 y2 − z−y 2

Problem 8. Let D be the diamond region with vertices (0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 0). Evaluate
the integral ZZ
(x + y)2 sin2 (x − y) dA.
D
[Hint: Recall the double angle formula cos 2θ = cos2 θ − sin2 θ.]
Solution. The lines are x + y = u = 1, 3 and x − y = v = −1, 1. Solving gives x = (u + v)/2
and y = (u − v)/2; the Jacobian of the linear change of variable
∂(x, y)
= (1/2)(−1/2) − (1/2)(1/2) = −1/2.
∂(u, v)
Thus
Z 1Z 3
13 1
ZZ Z
2 2 2 2 1
(x + y) sin (x − y) dA = u sin v du dv = sin2 v dv.
D −1 1 2 3 −1

We use the angle formula as sin2 v = (1 − cos 2v)/2, to now have

 v=1
13 1
Z 
13 1 13
(1 − cos 2v) dv = v − sin 2v = (2 − sin 2).
6 −1 6 2 v=−1 6