Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
Controller (PLC)
CONTENTS
• AUTOMATION
• TYPES OF AUTOMATION
• INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
• DEVELOPMENT OF CONTROL
SYSTEM
• WHAT IS PLC
• WHY PLC?
• COMPONENTS OF PLC
• PLC OPERATION
• PLC PROGRAMMING
• APPLICATIONS
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• CONCLUSION
AUTOMATIO
N
✍ Automation is basically the delegation of human
control functions to technical equipment aimed
towards achieving:
✔ Higher productivity.
✔ Superior quality of end product.
✔ Efficient usage of energy and raw materials.
✔ Improved safety in working conditions etc.
TYPES OF
AUTOMATION
Building automation
Example: lifts, smoke detectors
Office automation
Example: printers, cctv cameras
Scientific automation
Example: rocket launching
Light automation
Example: street solar lightening
Industrial automation
Example: automated bottle filling stations , steel factories
etc
INDUSTRIAL
AUTOMATION
✍ The use of Computerized or robotic devices
to complete manufacturing tasks.
FIELD
PLANT INSTRUMENT
CONTROL SYSTEM
HARDWARE SOFTWARE
CONTROL CONTROL
DEVELOPMENT OF CONTROL
SYSTEM
☞ Manual control
☞ Pneumatic control
☞ Electronics control
☞PLC control.
PLC(PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
CONTROLLER)
✍ Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)is an industrial computer
that monitors inputs, makes decisions based on its program
and controls outputs to automate a process or machine.
(Introduced in 1960s)
I M OM
N O UO
P D TD
U U PROCESSOR PU
T UL
From L TE
To
SENSORS E
OUTPUT
Pushbuttons, Solenoids,
contacts,
contactors,
limit switches, alarms
etc. etc.
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE
COMPONENTS (INPUT /OUTPUT)
1. INPUT MODULES accepts and converts signals from sensors into a
logic signal
Ex. : Switches, Pushbuttons.
2.OUTPUT MODULES that convert control instructions a signal that can
be used by actuators.
Ex. : lamps, alarm.
INPUT OUTPUT
❖ EXECUTE PROGRAM
Next the PLC executes the program
one instruction at a time.
☺ Fast
☺ Improves Productivity
☺ Improves Quality
DISADVANTAGE
S
☹ PLC Devices Are Proprietary
RUNGES
RAIL RAIL
PLC / LADDER PROGRAMMING -
Symbols
ELEMENTS OF LADDER LOGIC
COILS
LADDER LOGIC EXAMPLE
OR
OPERATIONC
A
AND
OR
NOR
NAND
LADDER LOGIC - EXAMPLE
An output controlled by
starting of multiple outputs
two input arrangements
Internal Relays – safe latch resetting
Timers
Delay-off timer
On/off cyclic timer
Counters
Counters - Example
• Shift registers
• Master and jump controls
• Data handling – movement, comparison, arithmetic
operations
• Code conversions
• Analogue input / output
Examples
Draw the ladder rungs to represent:
✍ Today the PLCs are used for control & automation job in
a single machine & it increases up to full automation of
manufacturing / testing process in a factory.